Biophysicist Alexander Leonidovich Chizhevsky: Biography, guulaha, daahfurtay iyo abaalmarinta

In 1930, ee New York furay shirweynaha ugu horeysay oo caalami ah oo ku saabsan biophysics iyo biokosmologii. madaxweyne sharafeedka ee uu, ayaa loo doortay Alexander Leonidovich Chizhevsky.
Ansaxinta ee Isfahamka, waxa uu ahaa aasaasihii oo ka mid ah laamaha cusub ee aqoonta qofka ballaadhkiisuna wuxuu ahaa danaha cilmi ah, taas oo ka bixiyo unugyada nool qorraxda fidsan waayo. Waxaa la odhan jiray Ruush Leonardo da Vinci uu waqti. Ka dibna waxa uu ahaa sano oo kaliya 42 jir ah, oo isna wuxuu ahaa xubin ka mid ah waqtiga ubax ee hal abuur ah ...

carruurnimada

saynisyahan The mustaqbalka uu ku dhashay horraantii 1897 ee Ciechanowiec keedana yar oo u dhow Grodono, halkaas oo uu ku yaalay unit a military, kaas oo loo aaneeyay aabbihiis - sarkaal madaafiic ah Leonid Vasilevich Chizhevsky. Hooyo - Nadezhda Aleksandrovna Neviandt - ka dib dhalashada wiilkeeda noolaa aad u dheer, oo ka dib markii sannad ka dhintay cudurka qaaxada. Walwalka ku saabsan wiilka la wareegay uu eedadii - Olga Vasilevna Lesli (Chizhevskaya).

Aabaha ma guursadaan mar labaad iyo wax badan oo fiiro waxaa la siiyaa ee barbaarinta iyo waxbarashada wiilkiisa. Ogaanaya uu penchant fasalada sayniska, ayuu ku qalabaysan guriga shaybaarka dhab ah, taas oo Alexander Leonidovich Chizhevsky had iyo jeer loo arkaa halka uu mustaqbalkiisa ciyaareed sayniska. From bedeli hooyadiis, aayadaa, uu u nuugo danta iyo aadamaha, iyo fasalo in gabayada iyo rinjiyeynta, oo waxay bilaabeen in sanadaha hore, la socon doona nolosha Chizhevskogo.

Ka dib markii ay ka soo madaxa qoyska, taas oo uu noqday dhammaadka nolosha Guud ee madaafiicda, ayaa loo xil saaray in ay ciidamada kala duwan, ay ku jiraan dhowr bilood ah oo ku nool magaalooyinka kala duwan ee Russia iyo dibada, oo ay ku jiraan in Paris.

Kaluga

In 1913 Chizhevskaya ay awoodaan in ay si joogto ah u degaan ee magaalada Kaluga. magaaladan ayaa door muhiim ah ka yimi ee ah saynisyahan mustaqbalka - halkan ayuu bilaabay inuu Biography sayniska dhab ah. Alexander Chizhevsky qoray muhiimadda dib khaas ah qaab uu danaha sayniska ahaa yiqiin iyo saaxiibtinimo dhow la leh Konstantinom Eduardovichem Tsiolkovskim.

View of this gaar ah fekeraya ahaa go'an in waxyaalaha moolka dheer oo meel, iyo laga yaabee hoos saameyn durba 1914 Chizhevsky bilaabaa inuu daraasadda saamayn of qoraxda hawlaha on noolaha iyo bulshada gudbikaraa oo ka mid ah caalamka. theme kale oo uu cilmi - saamaynta on noolaha hawada kiimikaysan ionized.

Ka dib ka qalin dugsiga sare ee Kaluga, dugsi sare, ee 1915, Alexander Leonidovich Chizhevsky yimaado mar laba sare hay'adaha waxbarashada - waxaa si rasmi ah dhigta Machadka Commercial Moscow, iyo xaq u leeyahay inuu ka qayb koorso ee Moscow Ciidanka Booliisku machadka. Sidaas bixitaankii inuu xiiseynayo inuu dhinacyada kala duwan ee nolosha aadanaha, in isla sanadkaas oo uu ku baranayay cilmiga saxda ah - physics iyo xisaabta, oo dhinaca kale ah - bani'aadamnimada ee.

"Inta jeer ee nidaamka dunida-taariikhiga ah"

In 1917, laba shuqullada on tartan ah horyaal sayniska hore lagu dhawaaqay in Moscow: ". The Evolution of Physics iyo Xisaabta ee dunida qadiimiga ah" "gabayada Ruush ee qarnigii XVII" iyo Musharaxiinta horyaalka ah - Chizhevsky Alexander Leonidovich. Biography isaga oo ah sida cilmiga ah dhalinyarada ka qaybgalka kala gooyey ee dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka. In 1916 wuxuu si iskeed ah, waayo dagaal ku hor Galician, u adeegay sidii unit madaafiic indheynta ah waxaa la guddoonsiiyey Cross George ah, oo uu ku dhaawacmay.

Bilowga dagaalka, Alexander Leonidovich Chizhevsky adkeeyo xidhiidhka ka dhexeeya isbedel ku dhaqdhaqaaqa qoraxda iyo dhacdooyinka dunida oo dhan. ferocity ee colaadaha millatari ee Europe, wuxuu helay kordho inta lagu guda jiro marinka loo marayo suusho dhexe ee xiddiga ugu muhiimsan ee nidaamka tirada ugu badan ee baraha. Markaasuu wuxuu si taxadar leh bartay qorna hore ee quruumaha kala duwan oo raadinaya xaqiijinta sharcigan ee taariikhda. Natiijada waxa ay aheyd difaaca guul iyaga ka mid ah in 1918 ay PhD ku saabsan mowduuca.

Ugu weyn ee gabagabada ah ee dhallinyarada ahaa saynisyahan ahaa ku dhowaad naxdin leh, oo meerto qoraxda hawl waafaqsantahay sida saxda ah in muddo ah caalamka isbeddelka ka dhacay biosphere oo ka mid ah Dhulka iyo dabcan nolosha iyo dhaqan-siyaasadeed ee geedi socodka. meel bannaan oo la kulantay saameynta ay ku saabsan oo badan oo jiritaanka ilbaxnimada aadanaha, inta jeer ee cudurrada maskaxda iyo cudurro dillaaca, wax soo saarka iyo dhibaatooyinka dhaqaale, ah ee aragtiyaha cusub sayniska iyo bixitaanka dagaallo iyo kacdoonkii.

Sayniska iyo gabayada

In sano ee ku xiga, oo cilmibaadhis ku sii waxbarashada, qabanayaan waqti isku mid ah laba kulliyadood of State Moscow Jaamacadda: Medicine iyo Physics iyo Xisaabta. Waxa uu horumariyo aragtida of Energy Exchange in noolaha, qabashada tijaabo shaybaarka guriga ee Kaluga, samaynta helitaanka saamaynta iftiinka xun eedeeyay udhigo on jidhka bini'aadamka iyo xayawaanka, ayaa ka shaqaynaysa rakibo wax soo saarka ee Qurub kuwaas ayaa markii danbe loo yaqaan "dheertahey Chizhevskogo".

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, uusan fasax firfircoon shaqo gabayada. Guddoomiyaha Midowga All-Ruush ee gabayada - sidoo kale waa Chizhevsky Alexander Leonidovich. kulubtiisa, daabacay sano kuwii - in "arrimaha Physical geedi socodka taariikhiga ah" (1924), iyo "Book of gabayo" (1919). About uu tijaabo suugaanta jawaab wanaagsan Maximilian Voloshin iyo Pavel Florensky, Mayakovsky iyo Valeriy Bryusov, Alexei Tolstoy iyo Vyacheslav Ivanov. Professional fanaaniinta xusay asalnimada uu watercolor Bbc, oo waxay ku qoran yihiin dhif ah daqiiqado nasasho.

midnimada views sayniska iyo fasiraadda hal abuur leh ee nin iyo bulshada Cosmos - this aqoonyahan distinguished iyo Abwaan Chizhevskiy Aleksandr Leonidovich. falsafada ah ee uu ka aaminsan tahay nolosha waxaa si cad u muujiyay in khadadka soo socda:

Waxaan nahay reer Cosmos ee. Oo mid Gurigayagii gacaliyo

Sidaas bulshada soldered oo asal ahaan xoog leh,

Taasi waxaan dareemaynaa waxa aanu ku biireen mid ka galay,

In kasta oo barta adduunka - oo dhan dunida diiradda ...

Ma jiro nebi ka dalkiisa ...

ballaadhkiisuna wuxuu ahaa danaha sayniska Aleksandra Chizhevskogo lagu sheegi karaa kaliya ee kala iibsiga ee beeraha sayniska iyo wax ku ool ah, halkaas oo uu shaqo weyn lagu mahadiyo asxaabta: zoopsychology, heliobiology, aeoroionizatsiya, ionifikatsii, biophysics, biology bannaan, Dhiigga, falanqaynta dhismaha dhiig, technology electro-midabayn iyo in ka badan. Laakiin Badankoodu kuwo saynisyahano shisheeye. qiimayn ku filan in uu shaqada sayniska guriga Chizhevsky helay darjada kaliya. safarka A at martiqaad ee ururada badan oo cilmi ah shisheeye, uu beeniyay.

Qaar badan oo saynisyahano cilmi ka dhigay ee ku jira xerooyinka iyo "sharashkas". Meelaan The fiiqan u dhexeeya fikrado ka mid ah views sayniska rasmi ah uu ahaa cad iyo xataa ilaa ugu jaahil in dagaalyahanno liibaanta fikradaha communist. Ma aha la yaab leh in ka mid ah cadaadiyo hoos Stalin iyo jeestay Chizhevsky Alexander Leonidovich. Biography Warbixinta Gaarka ah ee isaga sida eedaysanaha ah qodobka caan 58 ee Xeerka Dambiyada bilaabay 1942. Ka dib markii in, uu qaatay 8 sano dhaqaaqay dhibcood kala duwan ee gulag ugu badan - Ivdellag ee Northern Urals ah, Kutchino in agagaarkeeda, Karlag in Kazakhstan.

Tani waxaa ka hormarey sannado badan oo dhibaatayn, magaca wacaya obscurantist iyo Qorraxda-cibaadaysanaya markii daabacaadda fikrado Chizhevskogo burburin ah oo ku saabsan saamaynta tamar runtan on biosphere ee Dhulka, waxaan eryaday taageerayaasha aragtida this, iyo qoraaga buugga print baxeen. Chizhevsky Alexander Leonidovich la sii daayay 1950. Waxa uu si ikhtiyaar ah joogay xeradii ku buuxi tijaabo lagama maarmaanka on unugyada dhiigga. Ugu dambeyntii waa la dayactirey, laakiin gabi ahaanba - darjada kaliya.

oo dhaxalkaygiina

Yuu yahay - Chizhevsky Alexander Leonidovich? Biophysicist, caddaynaya tamarta a xiriir cad oo ka mid ah Cosmos iyo nolosha aadanaha? Philosopher, wada noolaanshaha iyo naadiyey go'an ee xiriirka noocan oo kale ah? Abwaan Slim oo aan caadi ahayn iyo rinjiile, shuqulladiisa oo waxaa ka buuxa tamarta this universal?

Jawaabta wanaagsan in ay wax ka mid ah su'aalahan ka dhigaysa naftiisa run ahaantii cajiib ah.