Bonds sida alaab dhaqaale, muddada - taasi waa ay caan ku

Duration (ka soconayo Ingiriisi - «duration") - waa erey dhaqaale oo qeexaya muddada celceliska helo lacag bixinta. Waxa loo isticmaalaa si loo xisaabiyo dhalidda on bonds. In xisaabinta iyadoo la isticmaalayo kharashka laga dhimay xogta webiyo lacagaha. Haddii hantida uu yahay shaqo ka mid ah dakhliga, muddada - waa qiyaas ah oo dareen in ay korodhka ama hoos u dhac ku heerka qiimaha. Tani isticmaalka double muddada inta badan waa il wareer. Sidaa darteed, in this article waxaan isku dayi doonaa in ay fahmaan muhiimadda ay leedahay dhaqaale ee fikirka this, iyo sidoo kale muuqaalada ay.

qeexidda

Si adag u hadlayay, muddada - waa eray miisaan leh celcelis ahaan la helo qulqulka lacagta. Taasi waa qiimaha maldahan by xilli Frederik Makoley, markii uu marka hore soo bandhigay galay isticmaalka sayniska. Duration - taasi waa xaddiga celceliska wadarta lacagta ammaanka, laga bilaabo maanta ilaa ugu dambaysta ee ay qaan. Xisaabinta ee index this for layliga qumman ee go'an bixinta lacagaha. In la eego fudud, duration of bond waa loo siman yahay in tirada sano qoondeeyay ay bixinta, ie. E. qiimaha A ka eber ilaa dhammaadka muddada.

Waa maxay muddada modified?

Macnaha labaad ee xilli ciyaareedkaan sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa dhaqaale colloquially. Xaaladdan oo kale, muddada - waa isbedel boqolkiiba qiimaha jawaab u hoos u dhac ama la kordhiyo dakhliga. tilmaame waxaa loo isticmaalaa in alaabtii dhaqaale in ay yihiin xasaasi u ah isbedel in boqolkiiba la socodka hab aan lacag ahayn. Waxa loo isticmaalaa inta badan duration formula Macaulay.

dirka bonds

Tani nooca ammaanka loo isticmaalo oo ay weheliso kaydka. Bond Certificate of samaynta lacagta milkiilaha iyo Xaqiijiyay waajib saaraha ee si aad u bixiso, iyo sidoo kale boqolkiiba qaar ka mid ah taariikhda la doonayo. securities Kuwan waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa si ay u dedaan u dhaca miisaaniyada ee gobolka. Qoondee amaahda oo dhaaraheedii ay shqsiga ah. Nooca koowaad waa ka badan la isku halayn karo, maxaa yeelay, haddii ay dhacdo of failure of xaaladaha soo celiyo ee saaraha lumiyo lahaanshaha hantida ay guushu ku haysta ammaanka. Iyada oo ku xidhan maturity ee muddada, qoondeeyo bonds gaaban, dhexe- iyo muddada-dheer. By nooc ka mid ah saaraha - gobolka, degmada, shirkadaha iyo kuwa caalamiga ah. Iyada oo ku xidhan amarka lahaanshaha - diiwaan gashan iyo kii. bond Callable Dhicis waa la soo furan karaa premium ama aan. Xaq u ah soo laabashada qofka sita u oggolaanayaa of securities hore si aad u hesho si ay saaraha ee ay qiimaha ku magacaaban. Bixinta ayaa sidoo kale lagu kordhiyey, isla markaana ahaana dib u xidhnahay. First xaq Maal ah in ay sii wadaan si ay u helaan xiiso waqti cayiman ee ugu danbeysay ee asalka ahaa ka dib. Arintaan xaq saaraha in ay dib u bixinta oo ay deynta.

Codsiga of fikradda

Xaaladaha intooda badan waxqabadka oo ka mid ah laba nooc oo muddo ku dhow in, haddii aan loo siman yahay. Oo waxaa loo isticmaali karaa marka go'aan dhaqaale oo muhiim ah. Tusaale ahaan, muddada bonds Macaulay qiyaastii waa 10 sano (tani waa muddada ay maturity buuxa). Taas macnaheedu waa in dareen qiimaha ay - oo ku saabsan 10%.

xisaabinta of tilmaamayaasha

Macaulay, ama durdurrada miisaan leh dakhli dheer ee lacagaha waxaa loo xisaabiyaa ku salaysan saddex tilmaamayaasha. Ka mid ah iyaga,

• PVi - qiimaha hadda i-socodka ka hantida;
• ti - waqtiga sanadihii ilaa qayb ka mid ah qaar ka mid ah lacagta,
• V - qiimaha hadda dakhliga mustaqbalka hantida.

formula ee dacwadda waa sida soo socota: PVi x Σti: V.

khatarta bonds

dakhliga ugu badan ee la filayo on hantida, weyn ee khasaaraha, haddii wax qaldamaan. Waayo, ciyaartoyda on suuqa dhaqaale waa isha ugu muhiimsan ee daqliga - halis. Iftiimiyay dhibaatooyinka aasaasiga ah iyo dugsiga sare ee la xidhiidha bonds. khatarta Credit la xidhiidhaa xaqiiqada ah in saaraha ku tegi kartaa mid kacda. State dib u habayn laga yaabaa in lacagta ku gooyeen, sida ay yeeleen inta lagu guda jiro default dhawaan Greece. Halista labaad la xiriira la'aanta hantidooda. Taas macnaheedu waa in qiimaha iibka waxaa laga yaabaa in ka hooseeyaa marka aad gadaneyso. Si saldhig sidoo kale halis la xidhiidha dulsaarka. Iyadoo qiimaha ay bond kordhaya dhaadhac. Sidaa darteed, xilligan la joogo waa mid aad u khasaari si ay u iibiso. Ugu dambeyntii, muhiim ay tahay khatarta ah in wax-soosaarkooda hoos sabab u Degenaansho ee heerka sarrifka lacagta.

dhibaatooyin yar yar

Waxa intaa dheer in afar halista asaasiga ah, qoondeeyo iyo aad u badan, kaas oo sidoo kale u baahan tahay in la tixgeliyo marka la maalgashado bonds. First of dhan waxaa loola jeedaa in ay dhibaatada la xiriirta isbeddelka heerka dulsaarka wax ku ool ah. Muhiim u tahay khatarta ah in sicir bararka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, lacagta aan ku lifaaqan doonaa, qiimo tirtay kiiskan xitaa more. Tixgeliyaan baahida iyo khatarta la xidhiidha fursadaha call. Haddii debaajiga waa wax macquul ah ee ay madax furashada hore, waxaa si lama filaan joojin kartaa siinayo dakhliga. Sidaa darteed, waxaad u baahan tahay in si taxadir leh u akhri buugga tilmaan. Xisaabinta muddada siinayaa Maal ku fikrad ah Degenaansho ee Boondhiga. Tirooyinkan, waxaa si toos ah saamigal. bond A la muddada dheer soo jiidasho u leeyahay saarka. Xeeladooda loogu talagalay kordhinta ay hantidooda muddo.