Buuraha reer laabanto Baikal ah: tusaalooyin

All taariikhda dhulka ee Dhulka (oo ku saabsan 4.5 billion sano jir) waxaa ku lifaaqan ee miis yar geochronological ururiyey by saynisyahano. Inta lagu jiro wakhtigan, waxay kala dildillaaceen iyo qaaradood dhaqaaqo iyo badaha beddelay booska. On dusha sare ee dhulkeenna sameeyay buuraha, ka dibna waxaa lagu halligay, ka dibna ay meesha ka kacay a safafka buurta cusub - xitaa ka wayn iyo xataa sare.

Maqaalkani waxa uu diiradda saarayaa mid ka mid ah xilliyo horrayn of laabanto dhulka - oo ku saabsan Baikal. Mudo intee leeg ayay qaadatay? Taas oo buurta safafka waajibo waqtigan? Iyo waxa ay tahay buuraha reer laabanto Baikal ah - sare ama hooseeyo?

Xilligii laabanto Dhulka

Taariikhda oo dhan dhismaha buurta on our caalamka u qaybsan yahay by saynisyahano galay xilliyada caadiga ah, xilliyada, oo intuu u yeedhay oo laabma. Waxaanu u sameeyey horayn loogu talagalay. Dabcan, waxaa jira ma nasashada ee formation of dusha dhulka ee weligii.

Tirada guud ee muddooyinka sida taariikhda caalamka taagan lix. laabanto ugu da'da - Archean, iyo ugu dambayn - Alpine, taasoo socota illaa maanta. Hoos waxaa ku taxan oo dhan laabanto ee dhulka dhulka, si ay taariikh:

• Archean (4,5-1,2 billion sano ka hor).
• Baikal (1,2-0,5 billion sano ka hor).
• Caledonian (500-400 milyan oo sano ka hor).
• Hercynian (400-230 milyan oo sano ka hor).
• Mesozoic (160-65 milyan oo sano ka hor).
• Alpine (65 milyan oo sano ka hor ilaa maantadan la joogo).

dhismayaasha Geomorphology in la sameeyey ka mid ah da 'dhismaha buurta waxaa loo yaqaan sida - Baikalides, Hercynides, Caledonides iwm ...

Next aan buuraha ugu caansan ee laabanto Baikal doonaa si faahfaahsan. Noo sheeg meesha ay ku yaalaan iyo sida loo dibadda eegto.

xeradan Baikal: qaab taariikh iyo sifooyinka guud ee xilligii

Xilligii dhulka orogeny, oo daboolaya muddada u dhaxaysa 650 550 milyan oo sano taariikhda dhulka ee dhulka (Riphean - Cambrian), caadi ahaan loo yaqaan laabanto Baikal ah. Waxa ay ku bilaabatay oo ku saabsan 1.2 billion sano ka hor oo dhammaadkeedu wuxuu ku saabsan 500 milyan oo sano ka hor. Zaman Geological ayaa loo magacaabay ka dib markii Lake Baikal, sida ay tahay qaybta koonfureed ee Siberia, waxaa la sameeyay waqtigan. Ereyga markii ugu horaysay la isticmaalo by geologist Ruush Nikolai Shatsky ee 30-mada.

laabanto Baikal The, marna laabi wax sabab u ah hawshooda u ah ee geedi socodka of volcanism iyo granitisation in qolof dhulka ee, sameeyay tiro ka mid ah dhismayaasha cusub ee dhulka on jirka ah ee dhulkeenna. Sida caadiga ah, waxbarashada sida kacay oo ku taalla daafaha ku dhufto ee qadiimiga ah.

buuraha Caadiga Baikal-laabanto waxaa laga heli karaa soohdinta reer Russia. Tani, tusaale ahaan, Khamar-Daban kala duwan oo buurta ku Buryatia iyo Timan Ridge ee waqooyiga. Sidee bay dibadda eegto? Buuraha reer laabanto Baikal waxay noqon doontaa sare ama hooseeyo? Aan ka jawaabo su'aashan.

Sidee Baikalides

Baikalides la sameeyey waqti dheer ka hor. Xitaa by heerka of time dhulka. Sidaas awgeed waa macquul in Badankood wax hadda ku jiraa xaalad ah oo duqoobay. Waayo, malaayiin sano, dhismayaasha, kuwaas oo waxaa la soo dersay denudation firfircoon waxaa lagu halligay isbedel dabaysha, roobka, heerkulka. Sayidka, buuraha reer laabanto Baikal waa yar ama dhexdhexaad ah ee height.

Indeed, Joogga Baikalides dhif ka badan 2000 oo mitir heerka badda. Tani waxay si fudud loo arki karaa haddii aan is barbar dhig ku maps jirka iyo tectonic dhulka. On the maps dhulka iyo tectonic ee buuraha reer laabanto Baikal ah, sida caadiga ah, calaamadeeyay guduud.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ka Baikalides qadiimiga ah ee qaybo badan oo caalamka ah waxaa qeyb ahaan ka soo kabsaday (kiciyay) ka dib Alpine dhaqdhaqaaqa tectonic. Sidaas daraaddeed, tusaale ahaan, ayaa waxaa dhacday in ay Caucasus iyo Turkey.

Iyada oo qaab-dhismeedka dhulka ee Baikal ah marna laabi wax inta badan la xidhiidha kaydka weyn ee biraha non-ferrous. Sayidka, iyaga gudahooda waxaa lagu abaabulaa ka kayd hodan of mercury, iyo waxa daasadda, zinc, copper iyo waxa daasadda.

Buuraha reer laabanto Baikal ah: tusaalooyin

qaababka Geological da'da this waxaa laga helaa qaybaha kala duwan ee dunida. Waxay ka mid yihiin Russia iyo Kazakhstan, Iran, Turkey, India, France iyo Australia. Baikalides ku yaal xeebaha Badda Cas iyo qayb ahaan daboolaan soohdinta reer Brazil.

Waxaa muhiim ah in la ogaado in ereyga "Baikal laabi" waa wax caadi ah oo kaliya in suugaanta ee sayniska ee meel post-Soviet. In dalalka kale, muddadaas waxaa lagu magacaabaa kala duwan. Sidaas daraaddeed, tusaale ahaan, in Europe waxa ku jira waqti u dhigma Kadoma iyo laabanto Assyntian, Australia - Luinskaya, Brazil - Magaca isla Brazil.

Muddo Russia ee Baikalides ugu caansan tixgeliyo dhismeedka geomorphology:

• Eastern Sayan.
• Khamar-Daban.
• Baikal Mountains.
• Yenisei Ridge.
• Timan Ridge.
• Patom Highlands.

Baikal buuraha laabi Russia. Baikal Mountains

Magaca kala duwan buurtan waa shibbane magaca Epoch aan baadhaya orogeny. Sidaa darteed, waxa aan bilaabi doonaan ugu weyn sifo Baikalides Russia.

Baikal Mountains weysada ee Lake wadaagtaa kooxda ka dhisan waqooyi-galbeed. Waxaa been gudahood gobolka Irkutsk iyo Buryatia. Dhererka guud ee xigtaa waa 300 km.

In waqooyiga-dhismeedka dhulka ee sii muuqaalka Ridge Akitkan. height Celceliska Baikalides this u dhexeysa 1800-2100 mitir. Dhibcood ee ugu sareeya ee xigtaa ah - Cherskogo sare (2588 m). buurta la magacaabay in sharaf of geographer ah, kuwaas oo kaalin weyn in ay daraasadda ee dabiiciga ah ee gobolka Baikal ah.

bari Sayan Mountains

Eastern Sayan Mountains - kala duwan ugu weyn ee buurta ee koonfurta Siberia, iskala ku dhowaad kun kiilomitir. Waxaa laga yaabaa in ugu dhex Baikalides Russia xoog badan. Dhibcood ee ugu sareeya gaadho 3491 East Sajana meter (Mountain Munch-Sardyk).

East Sayans kooban ugu horrayn of adag crystalline dhagax weyn - gneiss, quartzite, amphibolite oo marmar ah. In moolka dheer ay ogaadeen kayd badan oo dahab ah, bauxite iyo graphite. Fikiray Spurs ugu quruxda badan bari ee kala duwan oo buurta, loogu magac daray by dalxiisayaal Tunkinskie Alps.

The ugu horumarsan (marka la eego orographic) qayb dhexe ee East Sajana. Waxay ka kooban tahay a massifs buurta sare, oo waxaa lagu gartaa Dhirta subalpine iyo nooca muuqaalka. Muddo Eastern Sayan ku kurums baahsan. Tani waa meel weyn oo lacag dhigaal ah dhagax, oo ka kooban jajabkii dhab dhagaxyada of iskeel oo kala duwan.

buurta Byrranga

Byrranga - mid ka mid ah buuraha u xiiso badan ee laabanto Baikal ah. Waxay ku yaalaan waqooyiga Taimyr Peninsula. Mountains waa taxane ah oo tiixtiix shaqsi, bannaanka dhireedku iyo plateaus, canyons qoto dheer iyo dooxooyinka berkeddii Patriots. Dhererka guud ee kala duwan oo buurta - oo ku saabsan 1,100 kiilomitir.

"Waxaa jira boqortooyo jinniyo shar leh, dhagax, baraf iyo wax kale" - sidaas qoray oo ku saabsan meelahan Nganasans, wakiillo ka socda mid ka mid ah dadka reer Siberia. The ugu horeysay ee baa'bin buuraha Byrranga sahamisa Ruush Alexander Middendorf.

buuraha Kuwani waa mid aad u yar. Inkasta oo ay eegi quruxsan cajiib ah sida waxa uu ku yaalaa xaq on badda. height ugu badan ee hal dhibic oo kaliya waa 1146 mitir. The gargaar kala duwan buurtan waa mid aad u kala duwan. Halkan waxa aad ka arki kartaa dalcadaha yaacday ilaa iyo qabow, danbow guri oo dhuuban, iyo sidoo kale noocyo kala duwan oo badan oo noocyo baraf.

Yenisei iyo Ridge Timan ah

Baikalides yiqiin leh Russia, waxaan ku dhameysan doona sharaxaad ka mid ah laba tiixtiix - ka Yenisei iyo Timan. mid ka mid ah ayaa marka hore waxa uu ku yaalaa gudaha Banka Dhexe Siberian , iyo kaliya in meelaha qaar ka mid ah, in ka badan hal kun oo mitir ee height. Yenisei Ridge adag qadiimiga ah iyo mid aad u adag dhagaxyada - aqlabayadii, shales, sandstones iyo dabin. Dhismaha waa hodan ku ah birta ore, bauxite iyo dahab.

Timan Ridge ku taalaa waqooyiga dalka. Waxay kala Badda Barents ee xeebaha iyo waa ku xiga si ay Mountains Ural ah. Dhererka guud ee kala duwan oo buurta - oo ku saabsan 950 km. Boules kullanka ka muujiyay in gargaarka. Inta badan kiciyey ay qayb dhexe, taas oo ah meesha ugu sarreysa - Chetlassky dhagax (height of kaliya 471 m). Like inta kale ee qaab dhismeedka of laabanto Baikal ah, Timan Ridge waa hodan ku ah macdanta (titanium, bauxite, iyo agate, iwm).