Cusbada ugleammoniynye: description, halabuurka, baaxadda

Shiidaa warshadaha wax soo saarka lahayn ma aan samayn karo iyada oo aan walxaha kiimikaad ahaan firfircoon. Lagu daro loo isticmaalo beeraha, warshadaha cuntada, inta lagu guda jiro warshadaynta hargaha, dhismaha iyo dhinacyo badan oo kale oo ka mid ah dhaqdhaqaaqa aadanaha. Ka mid ah oo dhan oo iyaga ka mid mashquulin meel gaar ah ugleammoniynye cusbada, kuwaas oo universal.

Ugleammoniynaya cusbo

Ugleammoniynaya cusbo - xarunta imanba waa cad yahay, diyaar L. biyo, waa wax soo saarka reaction of acid iyo ammonium carbonic cusbada ku.

dibadda kiristaalo walax cawisa si degdeg ah sii daayo in badan ee ammonia iyo carbon dioxide, ka dibna uumi. Waxaa jira laba nooc oo ah kiimiko ah:

1. Salt nooca ugleammoniynye B, kaas oo si firfircoon loo isticmaalaa in industry steel lagu jiro macdanta ee ore uranium geedi socodka sabeynta ee, dhexdhexaadnimada ee maqaar chrome iyo waxyaabaha midabaynta.
2. Cusbada ah ee brand A, kaasoo loo isticmaalo soo saaridda alaabta organic, synthesizing kiimikada.

Dhammaan noocyada kala duwan ee kiimiko ah ma aha kuwo L. in ethanol iyo acetone. walxaha diyaar u bilaabidda reactions redox dhexeeya cusbada ammonium iyo carbonic acid.

Halabuurka kiimikada

Iyadoo la tixraacayo heerarka dawladda, cusbada ugleammoniynye waa in lagu saleeyaa walax engegan oo ugu yaraan 99% bicarbonate ammonium, ammonium carbonate - wax ka badan 1%, iyo biyo xidhxidhan heerka kelli ma aha in ka badan 3%.

The Halabuurka kiimikada dhabta ah ee tirooyinka kala duwanaan karaan iyadoo ku xiran crystal-walax codsiga. Sidaa darteed, warshadaha cuntada ee ka kooban waa in ay ahaataa ugu yaraan 20,9% NH _3. jajab Mass of xeryahooda kale si adag nidaaminaya qaabka iyo waa in aan ka badnayn tilmaamayaasha soo socda:

• macdanaha culus - 5 * 10 ^-4,
• Arsenic - 1 x 10 ^-4,
• valent bir iyo xeryahooda ay - 1 * 10 ^-3;
• chlorine iyo chlorides - 1 * 10 ^-3;
• biyo xeryahooda beelaya - 5 * 10 ^-3.

Tilmaamayaasha Kuwani waxaa lagu qeexaa tu U 6-04687873.025-95 formula kiimikada - NH ₄ HCO _3.

xuduudaheedu jirka iyo kiimikada

Ugleammoniynye cusbada leeyihiin koobin in loo ogaado sida ay walax gaar ah:

• wax crystal cado matali karaan by caddaan, casaan khafiif ah ama towns cawlan,
• jajabka mass of ammonia kooxda A waa in la kulmo 21% darajada B - 20.7%;
• dheelitirka mass ka dib markii calcination waa in ay ahaataa in aan ka badnayn 0,008% nooca A, iyo in aan ka badnayn 0.02 for noocyada B. ah

Kaliya walax u dhiganta oo xuduudaheedu kuwaas waxaa lagu qeexi karaa sida cusbo ugleammoniynaya. GOST 9325-79 inuu dejiyaa qodobada kuwaas, iyo sidoo kale dejisa sharciyada wax soo saarka, gaadiidka iyo kaydinta, tallaabooyin taxaddar ah ammaanka iyo.

baaxadda

The milix ugu ballaaran ugleammoniynaya helay in warshadaha cuntada iyo beeraha. In gobolka ugu horeysay waxaa laga codsadaa in ay daro E503 gambanaya inta badan ka bedelay khamiir iyo carbonate ammonium cuntada nafaqada. Si aad u codsato walax la kala diri ee biyaha at 20 ^{° C} iyo wixii ka sareeya, ka dibna ku daray in ay isku dar caanaha yar ka hor bur roobab.

xuduudaheedu jirka iyo kiimikada ugleammoniynoy cusbo ogolaan isticmaalkeeda sida bacrimin ah. Soo Bandhigida kiristaalo walax gaaro gaabis ama complete habka joogsan ee raasamaal ee nitrites ee ciidda, taas oo saamayn ku beneficially xaddiga koriinkedu dalagga, iyo:

1. Soosaarkooda kordhay 15-45%.
2. Marxaladda u horreysa ee dalagga fruiting keenay weeraryahanka by a toddobaadkii ama laba.
3. Waxay yaraynaysaa baahida loo qabo Bacriminta fosfooraska ciidda.
4. Waxay kor u formation of humus.

In dalka, wax soo saarka ee Bacriminta on cusbo ku saleysan ugleammoniynoy waxaa diiradda lagu saaray ganacsadaha gudaha, sababta qiimaha badeecada aad uga yar tahay kharashka analogues shisheeye.

tallaabooyin taxaddar

Ugleammoniynye cusbada tixraac fasalka 4aad ee khatar. In ay qaab-dhismeedka waxaa ku jira laba halis ku ah caafimaadka dadka - ammonia iyo carbon dioxide. element ugu horreeyey waa kan aadka sun ah marka neefsado sababaha cuncun. Haddii lagu sumoobo saameeyaa habka dhexe ee neerfayaasha, waxaa jira madax-xanuun, indhaha-biyood, xanuun iyo calaamado kale.

Carbon dioxide leedahay saamayn maandooriyaha iyo soporific. In tiro badan qalqal xarunta neefsashada, keenaya mergashada iyo dhimasho ka timaaddaa oksajiin la'aan waxay sababi kartaa.

Sidaa darteed, isticmaalka cusbo ugleammoniynye suuragal ah keliya in dhar gaar ah, galaas ammaanka, gacmo gashi, adkaysi u alkalis, waji. Ka dib markii xeerasha nadaafadda shakhsiyeed, Roob diiran ugu fiican u shaqeeya.