Cusbo ammonium - hababka diyaarinta, isticmaalaan in dhaqaalaha dalka

The xeryahooda kiimikada ee NH4 + muuqato sida waxbarashada ah uusan waallayn eedeeyay wanaagsan alkali biraha. Marka la anions walxaha acidic lalana loo sameeyay qaab-dhismeedka crystalline c - Salt nitrayt NH4N03, chloride NH4C1, sulfate (NH4) 2S04, taas oo ka kooban anion acid iyo kooxda ammonium ah.

Ammonium cusbada helay inta lagu guda jiro dareen-celin dhexdhexaadnimada ah, taas oo dhacda inta lagu guda jiro falcelinta of ammonia la acid ah.

cusbada ammonium, sida, in mabda, inta badan biraha alkali beri laga yaabaa (kala siifilisku iyo anions) in xal aqueous on udhigo ah: cusbada ammonium, cusbada biraha sida alkali beri galay udhigo:

NH4N03 ↔ NH4 ++ NO3-

Inta lagu guda jiro kulaylinta, qalalan cusbada ammonium yihiin giirte galay ammonia iyo acid, Nidaamkan waxaa loo yaqaan dissociation kaamerada.

acid The sameeyay (tus, Aashito) si wadajir ah ula baxa NH3 iyo qaboojinta xidhana la ammonia iyo cusbo a waa la helay. Waa in la sheegay in ay suurto gal ah iyo geeddi-socodka waa kala daatay karo:

NH3 + HCL ↔ NH4Cl

Sayidka, sublimes chloride ammonium markii kululeeyo, laakiin markii qaar ka mid ah on top of tube ka dib mar kale u muuqataa daahan cad ee chloride ammonium. Sidaas darteed, formation of cusbada acid non-kacsan, tus, (NH4) 2S04, volatilizes inta lagu guda jiro kulaylinta NH3 oo keliya, iyo acid weli. Nidaamkan waxaa loo yaqaan kala daatay karin.

All cusbada ammonium waxaa diyaar giirte by alkalis (la kululaynta) in ay sii daayaan ammonia:

NH4 + + OH -↔NH3 ↑ + H20

reaction waxaa loo isticmaalaa for ogaanshaha of Bacriminta foomka ammonium ah ee nitrogen.

In falcelinta ee carbonate ammonium la macdanta iyo acids organic sii daayay carbon dioxide. In falcelinta of sulfate ammonium ama chloride la AgNO3 ama BaCl sameeyay precipitates midabka cad sifo.

cusbada ammonium: Tusaalooyinka

ammonium cusbada si ballaaran loo isticmaalo beeraha. Tani waa wax aad u wanaagsan, waayo dhirta quudinta macdanta (tus, ammonium sulfate - (NH4) 2S04). Sida la og yahay dhirta Nitrogendoksid nuugo karaa oo kaliya in qaab a xidhxidhan (NO3, NH4). Sidaa darteed, xeryahooda nitrogen waa mid aad wax ku ool ah. Of muhiimadda ugu weyn waa amooniyam oo ka kooban amooniyam NH4 NO3- nitrogen ah.

Iyo phosphate dihydrogen ammonium, loo yaqaan magacyada MAP NH4H2P04 iyo phosphate diammonium (NH4) 2NR04 ka kooban laba cunsur kiimikada ee nafaqada dhirta - Nitrogendoksid iyo fosfooraska. Ammonium cusbada ka mid ah Bacriminta isku qasan.

Marka ammonia sameynayso la xabagta carbon (IV) la dhexsameeysmo HOL ama HOL NH2-CO-NH2.

chloride ammonium (NH4C1) ama chloride ammonium waxaa loo isticmaalaa in unugyada electrochemical, ee dyeing iyo sittsepechatanii, tinning iyo kabida. La Xiriirka biraha kulul, ammonia waa giirte galay chloride hydrogen iyo ammonia. Hydrochloric acid sameynayso la xabagta ah, wasakheysa dusha biraha, kuna waari dhexdeeda cusbadu kacsan waxaa la aasaasay.

Waa in la ogaadaa in ay dusha sare loo nadiifiyaa si fiican u dhaqmayso Alxan. NH4NO3 (amooniyam) si wadajir ah ula carbon iyo aluminium cusbada waa qayb ka mid ah waxyaabaha qarxa ah - ammonal. xeryahooda waxaa loo isticmaalaa horumarinta dhagaxyada. hydrogencarbonate ammonium (NH4NSO3) ayaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa warshadaha cuntada iyo macmacaanka ah. Xarunta waxaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa sida preservative ah noocyada kala duwan ee feed. NH4HCO3 denitrofitsiruyuschimi wuxuu leeyahay sifooyin caawiya dardar ku fulan.

reaction tayada cusbo ammonium. Marka kululeeyo, ee cusbada ammonium sameeyay xal alkali ah hydroxide ammonium, kaas oo la dhegay la sii daayo of ammonia.

Joogitaanka ammonia la qiyaasi karin, by ur gaar ah iyo tilmaamayaasha warqad midab. Waayo, fulinta reaction this waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in ay qaataan xal cusbo 1.0 cm3 ammonium ku daray 0.5 cm3 xal of hydroxide sodium iyo kulaylkii. Inta lagu guda jiro habka kululaynta, ammonia waa la sii daayay, ur sifo waxaa la aasaasay, oo cas waa adag buluug.