Formation, Waxbarashada dugsiga sare iyo dugsiyada
Dhismaha egyahay ah. Features of qaab-dhismeedka subaga
Subagga - mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu muhiimsan walxaha organic loo baahan yahay by wax nool oo dhan. In this article waxaan eegi doonaa qaabka iyo shaqada subaga. Waxay ku yimaadaan noocyo kala duwan oo labada qaab-dhismeedka iyo shaqada.
Dhismaha egyahay ah (biology)
Egyahay - xarunta adag organic kiimikada. Waxay ka kooban tahay dhowr qaybood. Bal aynu eegno qaabka subaga si faahfaahsan.
subaga fudud
subaga Qaabdhismeedka kooxdan waxay bixisaa laba qaybood: khamriga iyo dufanka leh acids. Sida caadiga ah ee Halabuurka kiimikada walxaha sida waxa ka mid ah saddex kaliya xubno: Carbon, hydrogen iyo ogsijiin.
Kala duwan ee subaga fudud
Waxaa loo kala qaybiyey saddex kooxood:
- Alkilatsilaty (oo iswayneeya). Waxaa esters ee acids dufan sare leh alcohols mancaha ama dihydric.
- Triacylglycerols (dufan iyo saliidaha). Dhismaha subaga noocan ah waxay bixisaa joogaan in glycerol (khamriga trihydric) iyo harta ee acids dufan sare.
- Ceramides. Esters of sphingosine iyo dufanka leh acids.
subaga adag
Muqaadaraadka kooxdan ha ka kooban yahay saddex walxaad. Ka sokow, kuwaas oo, ay ka mid ah in xubnaha ugu badan ee mastadh, Nitrogendoksid iyo fosfooraska.
Qoondaynta oo ah subaga adag
Waxay sidoo kale loo qaybin karaa saddex kooxood:
- Phospholipids. Dhismaha group la egyahay waxa ka mid ah, marka lagu daro harta ee alcohols polyhydric iyo acids dufan sare, joogitaanka harta ee phosphoric acid, taas oo ku xiran yihiin kooxo dheeraad ah oo xubno kala duwan.
- Glycolipids. Kuwani waa walxo kiimikaad soo saaray isku dhafan ee subaga iyo carbohydrates.
- Sphingolipids. Tani aliphatic aminoalcohols.
Labada nooc ee hore ee subaga, markeeda, qaybsan yihiin kooxaha.
Sidaas darteed, noocyada of phospholipids qaadan laga yaabaa phosphoglycerolipids (waxaa ku jira in glycerol Halabuurka ay, ku harta laba dufanka leh acids, phosphoric acid iyo abahaaga alkanol), cardiolipins, plasmalogens (waxaa ku jira in qaab-dhismeedka monohydric ee roodhida khamriga sare acid phosphoric iyo abahaaga alkanol), iyo sphingomyelins (walxo ka kooban of sphingosine, dufan acid, phosphoric acid iyo aminoalcohol choline).
Noocyada glycolipids waa cerebrosides (sphingosine iyo acid dufanka leh ka kooban galactose ama glucose marka laga reebo), gangliosides (oo ay ku jiraan oligosaccharide reer hexose iyo acids sialic) iyo sulfatides (ku lifaaqan sulfuric acid hexose ah).
Doorka subaga ee jirka
Dhismaha iyo shaqada subaga lala. Sababo la xaqiiqada ah in u taagoo ay joogaan jajabkii dhismaha mar horjeeda iyo nonpolar, walxahan waxay u shaqayn karaa at interface ka.
Subaga leedahay sideed hawlaha aasaasiga ah,
- Energy. Sababo la qayilo ee walxahan waxay jidhka ka helo in ka badan 30 boqolkiiba tamarta loo baahan yahay isaga.
- Qaabdhismeedka. Features dhismayaasha la egyahay oggolaan in ay qayb muhiim ah oo rasaasta. Waxay qayb ka mid ah xuub lasoo meydadka kala duwan si ay u sameeyaan xuub ee unugyada neerfaha yihiin.
- ilaa Stock. Waxyaabahani waa dufan acid shaqeeyo kaydka foomka.
- Antiokisdantnaya. Qaab dhismeedka egyahay u ogolaanaya inay qabtaan xilka noocan oo kale ah, iyo jidhka ku.
- Regulatory. subaga Qaar ka mid yihiin dhexdhexaadiyayaasha hormoonnada ee unugyada. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, qaar ka mid ah subaga loo sameeyay hormoonnada iyo walxaha in kicin immunogenez.
- Ilaalin. lakabka baruurta subcutaneous siisaa ilaalinta kulka iyo farsamo ee xayawaanka. Sida dhirta, ka dibna wax foomamka qolof-ilaaliye dushiisa of caleemaha iyo midhaha.
- Information. Subaga gangliosides bixisaa xariirada u dhaxeeya unugyada.
- Dheefshiidka. Egyahay kolestaroolka ka xirrira acids bile ku lug leh geeddi-socodka dheefshiidka.
ereygu wuxuu ahaa ee subaga ee jirka
xeryahooda Inta badan class this yihiin dhexsameeysmo gacanta mid ah waxyaabaha la isku - acetic acid. Sharciyeyn hormoonnada-shiid baruurta sida insulin, adrenaline iyo pituitary hormoonnada.
Waxaa sidoo kale jira subaga in jidhka ma soo saari karaan u gaar ah. Waa in ay galaan jidhka bini'aadamka cunto. Waxay ku jira inta badan ee khudaarta, miraha, iyo geedo yaryar, nuts, badar, gabbaldayaha iyo saytuun ah saliidaha iyo waxyaabaha kale ee asal ahaan dhirta.
Subaga, vitamins
vitamins Qaar ka mid ah in ay dabiicadda kiimikada yihiin fasalka ka mid ah subaga. Kuwani waa vitamins A, D, E iyo K. Waa in ay la daama cunto.
| vitamin | hawlaha | muujinta la'aan ah | ilo |
| Vitamin A (retinol) | Qaybgalaysa koritaanka iyo horumarka unugyada epithelial. Waxaa ka mid ahaa in rhodopsin ah - Midabka muuqaal ah. | Qallayl iyo fuqaya maqaarka. aragga naafada ka iftiinka saboolka ah. | Beerka, isbinaajka, karootada, dhir, basbaas cas, abrikot. |
| Vitamin K (phylloquinone) | Ka qeyb-shiid calcium. Shidaa borotiinada mas'uulka ka ah xinjirowga dhiigga, waxaa ku lug leh dhismaha unugyada lafta. | Lafoobid carjawda, xinjirowga dhiigga, lacag dhigaal ah oo cusbo ah oo ku saabsan derbiyada marinnada dhiigga, lahayo ku lafaha. Vitamin deficiency K waa mid aad u dhif ah. | Waxa uu ku dhexsameeysmo bakteeriyada xiidmaha. Sidoo kale ku jira Caleenta salaar, bax, isbinaajka, kaabajka. |
| Vitamin D (calciferol) | Qaybgalaysa-shiid calcium, formation lafaha iyo dhaldhalaalka iliga. | rickets | Cod saliidda beerka, ukunta, caanaha, subagga. Waxa uu ku dhexsameeysmo jirka maqaarka by gaadhista shucaaca. |
| Vitamin E (tocopherol) | Waxaa kobciyaa nidaamka difaaca jirka. Lug wakhtiga cusboonaysiinta nudaha. Wuxuu ka hortagaa xuubka unug ka soo dhaawac. | Kordhinta permeability ee xuubka unug, hoos u ah difaaca. | Khudaarta iyo saliidda dhirta. |
Halkan waxaan baaray qaabka iyo sifooyinka subaga. Hadda oo aad ogtahay waa maxay kuwanu walxaha, waa maxay farqiga u dhexeeya kooxaha kala duwan, subaga doorka qabtaan in aadanuhu.
gunaanad
Subaga - walxaha organic adag, taas oo u kala qaybsan yihiin fudud iyo qalafsan. Wayna oofiyaan ee jirka ku jira sideed hawlaha: tamarta waxa lagu kaydiyaa, dhismaha, antioxidant, difaaca, sharciyeed, dheefshiidka iyo macluumaadka. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa jira subaga, vitamins. Waxay qabtaan hawlaha kala duwan ee noolaha.
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