Diencephalon

Maskax waa qayb ka ugu weyn oo heer sare ah qoral weyn ee stem maskaxda. Waxaa ku jira tiro badan ee diirkja in ay yihiin xarumaha aad muhiim u ah nidaamka autonomic, iyo sidoo kale qayb ka mid ah waxay ka kooban tahay laba qanjidhada hormoonada jidhka - qanjirka pineal iyo qanjirka pituitary ee. Maskax waxa uu ku yaalaa at aad u callosum gulkroppshormon dhexeeya barka ah ee maskaxda, waa xadidan oo ay ku mareenka danbe optic iyo dambena dalool maalkiisa, iyo ka hor - chiasm optic ah.

The dhexe qaabka maskaxda waa mid adag, sababtoo ah waa tiro badan oo ka mid ah xarumaha kala duwan oo nidaaminaya hawlaha caadiga ah iyo hawlgal saxda ah ee xubnaha kala duwan iyo hababka. In maskaxda (dhexe) waa distinguished: epithalamus, thalamus, metathalamus, ventricle saddexaad iyo hypothalamus ah.

thalamus The (hillocks muuqaalka) xirrira labo ka mid ah qaab elongated. Waxaa la aasaasay by raasamaal ee arrinta cawlan foomka of nuclei (oo ku saabsan afartan), kuwaas oo kala by lakabka ah ee adag oo cad. Epithalamus bandhigay epiphysis ama qanjirka pineal. Epiphysis muuqaalka ekaan koorta beroosh ah oo ku kooban in ka badan maskax-quadrigemina. From ka baxsan, waxaa daboolay kaabsolka, kaas oo la kordhiyo hoosta qoruhu kala epiphysis gelin xaleef.

Metathalamus bandhigay dillaac fudud iyo, dabcan, meydadka geniculate lateral, kuwaas oo ah xarumaha maqalka iyo aragga. Waxay ku yaalaan dambeeya barkin labada qaybood ee thalamus iyo ku xiran yihiin in ay maskax- lugaha colliculus ka xoogbadan, iyo hoose. Hypothalamus wuxuu soo bandhigay masaf, chiasm ku optic, buurta cirro, pituitary iyo labada mastoid. qanjirka pituitary waa dhexe nidaamka hormoonada jidhka, oo ku yaalla fossa pituitary ee Sella on sphenoid. Hypothalamus wuxuu si hufan saartaa qaybta hoose ee diencephalon ah.

All xuduntii hypothalamic, halkaasoo ku dhawaad afartan ka mid ah ay goobta u sii kala qaybsamaan xaggiisa dambe, dhexe iyo hore, wax badan oo ka soo saaraan neurosecretion. xuduntii Front wakiil paraventikulyarnymi iyo supraoptic, gadaal - nuclei hypothalamic iyo jirka mastoid, dhexdhexaad - hoose iyo nuclei hypothalamic verhnemedialnymi, nuclei iyo masaf serobugornymi.

Diencephalon kale oo ku jira ventricle saddexaad, taas oo ah saabka maskaxda. Waxa uu sheegay hoose ee afraad ventricle, hore iyo dib - iyada oo kabsanayo interventricular - ka intraventricular kowaad iyo labaad. Sida kale oo dhan, waa in ay plexus vascular saddexaad, taas oo ay soo saaraan dheecaan lafdhabarka.

function maskaxda dhexe waxay ku xiran tahay qaybaha ay:

• xeerka nidaamka hormoonada jidhka ah, tan iyo markii uu ku diencephalon ku diyaarin pituitary iyo pineal. hormone pituitary wuxuu kobciyaa soo saarka ee soo socda: koritaanka, prolactin (xirrira kartida caanaha ee Alfiyoli ah qanjidhada caanaha), TSH, ACTH, follicle-dhiirrigelin, lamaanayaal farabadan, lyuteotropnogo, melanotropin, oxytocin, Horomonka. function Neurosecretory qanjirka pineal waa hab qaafiyad cad. Night daydaa melatoksin, kaas oo ku lug lahaa sarrifka Midabka ah, iyo galabtii - serotoksin.
• sharciyeynta nidaamka autonomic. In hypothalamus ah, oo ku yaalla xarumaha subcortical ee hummaag autonomic, sida haraad, gaajo, dheregtaan, raalli ahaanshihiisa, dhirifkiisa, thermoregulation, iyo sidoo kale dhammaan noocyada kala duwan ee dareenkooda.
• Maydadka geniculate lateral ku yaalla xarumaha subcortical araga, iyo in dillaac fudud ah - maqalka.
• thalamus waa xarunta of dareen guud, olfactory ahayn.

Maskax, sida caadiga ah, waxay leedahay Tilmaamo badan oo xadgudub ku ah ugu yaraan mid ka mid ah ayaa laga yaabaa in cawaaqib hagaajin karin, taas oo shaki keeni lahaa in naafada ama dhimasho.