Diyaaradan "tu-204": dib u eegista. diyaarad Civil

"Tu-204" waa jet rakaabka-duwan oo dhexdhexaad ah. Mashiinka waxaa la soo saaray ee 80 sano ee Department of Design Tupolev. Iyada oo taageero ka abuuray isaga oo loogu tala galay in lagu badalo huriye, halka "Tu-154". Waxaa jira hab doorinta kala duwan ee diyaaradda: VIP-version, rakaabka, xamuulka ah oo gaar ah. Diyaaradda "Tu-204" kulmay ammaanka dhammaan heerarka, qiiqa iyo buuq, si lagu daydo, kuwaas oo la qalo karaa adduunka oo dhan. More on this ka dib.

design

Diyaaradda "Tu-204" - monoplane cantilever nidaamka caadiga ah. Garbihiisa oo xaaqan yihiin si caddaalad ah u hooseeya. Oo labadiisii matoorada turbojet dhajinta on pylons gaar ah. goobaha ay ku yaalaan baalasheeda hoostooda. Tani waxay ku siinaysaa model ah style a kala. Dhamaadka garabka diyaarin kasta winglets. Tani waxay ka caawisaa loo yareeyo jiitaa ku laaluusheen iyo kordhinta wiishka. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxay ku qalabaysan qaybood double-gool. Intaasu waa cunsur muhiim ah. Sidoo kale, dhul- halkan yihiin. Waxay nidaaminaya guryaha sita ee diyaaradda. Waxay ku yaalaan oo ay weheliyaan qarkiisa hoggaamineed ee garabka. jiifku waxay leedahay saddex lugaha iyo raaga oo sanka. Dhismaha powerplant ka mid ah RB211-535E4 ama 2 turbofan "PS-90A"

story

diyaaradaha rayidka Ruushka ka dib markii diyaaradaha "Tu-154" faa'iidaystay ee 2 sano ee la soo dhaafay, 1973 at the Department of Design Bureau bilaabay in ay ka shaqeeyaan mustaqbalka si uu u bedelo model this. Markii hore, waxaa la soo jeediyay in la gaarsiiyo qoto dheer "Tu-154" iyo horumarinta noocyo kala duwan oo gaadmada ah, iyo qorsheyaasha cusub oo kala duwan. Ka dib oo dhan, culumadu sameeyeen dookh ay guushu model trimotored ballaaran-jirka, taas oo ay u yeedheen - diyaarada "tu-204".

Mashruuca ayaa ansixiyey Xukuumadda ee 1981. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, inta lagu guda jiro nidaamka this, samaynta ay go'aansatay in ay ka tanaasulaan engine dabada. Markaas dib qabyada ah. Sidaas darteed, waxaa loomed taariikhda qorsheeyey by diyaaradda.

Inta lagu guda jiro horumarinta, saynisyahano si firfircoon codsan farsamooyinka design cusub, iyadoo la isticmaalayo kumbiyuutarrada electronic. In si ay u doortaan qaabeynta fiicnayn aerodynamic in tuubooyinka gaar ah qaarkood, waxay lahaayeen si loo hubiyo daraasiin lagu daydo. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, si loo yareeyo miisaanka iyo kordhiyaan xoogga unit qaadeen codsiga ah ee qalabka kooban. Qaybtooda in miisaanka model ah ma aha wax ka yar 14%.

Marka design la dhameeyey, diyaaradda "tu-204" waxay bilaabeen inay ganacsi saaro at Aviation Ulyanovsk ee Warshadaha Complex magacaabay ka dib markii Ustinov D. F. Tani waa xaqiiqda dhabta ah. Diyaarad A horeysay "Tu-204", dib u eegista ay ahaayeen wanaagsan, dhisay Moscow ee bulshada la ASTC weyn oo khibrad leh wax soo saarka. A. N. Tupoleva iyo UAPK.

imtixaanka

Marxaladani waxay ku lug 2 noocooda. Nidaamyada gaarka ah on board model ah ku dhaqma ee tarabuunka badan.

Bilowga January 1989 waxaa jiray duulimaad bilow ah oo diyaarad ku yidhi. diyaarad "Tu-204" ka qaadeen ka Postoo "Ramenskoye". Iyada oo ku saleysan natiijooyinka baaritaannada lagu sameeyey design ee horumar gaar ah. Oo waxay soo hagaagtay technology-soo-saarka. Xaaladdan oo kale, fiiro badan ayaa lagu bixiyey si loo hubiyo in shaqada nidaamka digital cusub. Dhamaystiran ee ku yaala goobahan ayaa keentay in natiijo wanaagsan. Khubaro Waxaa la soo saaray 23 fursadaha guddiga nidaam ay gacanta si toos ah iyadoo la isticmaalayo isteerinka. Kasta ayaa la imtixaanay isku halaynta iyo imtixaanada duulimaad badan. All this loo baahan yahay waqti dheer. Intaa waxaa dheer, wakhtigaas bilaabay dhibaatooyinka dhaqaale ee gobolka. Tani waxay keentay in xaqiiqda ah in ay maaliyad siiyaan barnaamijka la dhimay. Sidaas darteed, shuruudaha sii kordhay si ay u helaan dokumentiyada lagama maarmaanka ah iyo imtixaanka.

In 90 maalgelinta miisaaniyadda mashruuca gebi ahaanba la joojiyey. Tani waxay keentay in la joojiyo imtixaanka shahaadada, iyo diyaaradaha "Tu-204", kaas oo weli loo baahan yahay si uu tijaabada waxbarasho dayactirka, la filayaa in baalasheeda.

Sida hore u soo sheegnay, ay sabab u tahay xaqiiqada ah in 90s ee xaaladda dhaqaale ee dalka ayaa si weyn xumaatay, baaritaanka diyaarad miisaaniyadda ahaa ku dhowaad ka bariyeelay. Si aad u buuxiso shaqo ee kor ku xusan, saynisyahano ku lahaa in ay qaataan tallaabooyin aan caadi ahayn. Tusaale ahaan, waxay ku heshiiyeen in ay qaadaan xamuul waayo mushahar. At imtixaanada la mid ah lagu fuliyay sanadkii barbar socda duulimaadyada ganacsiga. Tani waxay inoo ogolaatay in ay ka shaqeeyaan si ay u dhamaystiraan maalgelinta mashruuca. Ka dib markii dadaal dadaala, saynisyahano ay awoodaan si ay u helaan shahaadada loo baahan yahay in 1994.

dhiig-miirashada

Dhammaadka February 1996 lagu qaaday horyaalka koowaad ee ganacsi cusub oo ku saleysan diyaaradaha sheegay. Diyaaradda "Tu-204" duulaya "Vnukovo Airlines" ka caasimadda si Mineralnye Vody.

Waxaa loo maleeyey in ay "Tu-204" waa in lagu bedelaa "Tu-154". Si kastaba ha ahaatee, hoos u lama filaan ah ku maal-duulista keentay in rabshooyin in dhammaystirka ee diyaaradda, iyo waxa uu dhimay heerka wax soo saarka. Natiijadan ayaa waxa ay - tiro yar oo lagu daydo ee shirkadaha duulimaadyada, qiimaha sare ee dayactir iyo dayactirka, ka maqnaa muddo soo noqnoqda. All this keentay in hoos u dhac ku tartan ee diyaaradda ayaa sheegay, gaar ahaan marka la barbardhigo galbeedka Airbus-320 iyo Boeing-737, ayaa cadeeyay dhaqaale badan si ay uga shaqeeyaan oo jaban.

In 2000 ka, soo saaray oo aan ka yarayn 10 daydo sannad kasta. Sida caadiga ah, macaamiisha waxay ahaayeen hay'adaha dawladda.

Laga soo bilaabo marka uu bilaabay soo saarka mass, kuwaas oo sanadkii 1990, waxaan arkay iftiinkii 75 diyaaradaha "Tu-204" kala duwanaansho kala duwan. Bishii Febraayo 2013 si firfircoon uga shaqeeya wadar ahaan 50 cutub hawada ee qoyska this.

rajada

Markii hore, saaraysa, diyaaradda "Tu-204" waa mid aad u nasiib darro. Sida laga soo xigtay qorshaha hordhaca ah ee samaynta ah, oo waxay lahayd in la sameeyo weyn, oo ay tahay in ay wax soo saarka dhisay brand warshad cusub oo ku yaalla Ulyanovsk. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sida kor ku xusan, ka dib burburkii USSR ee baahida warshadaha duulista bilaabay inuu sooco, wax badan oo lacag yar. dhaqaalaha suuqa ayaa bedelay joogtada ah. Sidaas darteed, "Tu-204" diyaaradood ayaa bedelay soo saaraha isticmaalay galbeed ee mishiinka. Intaa waxaa dheer, model ah in siyaabo badan dhacsan waqti ka. Mid ka mid ah sababaha ay u joojiyeen in allabaryo la isticmaalo, waxay ahayd in shaqaalaha markabka ka mid ah "Tu-204" wuxuu ka kooban yahay 3 qof, halka ugu badan diyaarado casri ah u baahan tahay oo kaliya 2. Tani waxaa weeyaan joogitaanka qarashaad dheeraad ah oo dayactirka ah ee duuliye ah.

Yaa soo saara oo ku saabsan 10 ka mid ah lagu daydo, kuwaas oo sanad ka. Isla mar ahaantaana, sida caadiga ah, ay yihiin caanka ah ee Arctic ah, "Ruush" oo Ciidamada Cirka ah. Sababo la xaqiiqada ah in Ulyanovsk iyo Kazan ee warshadaha diyaaradaha aan mass-soo saarka iyo adeeg gaar ah, diyaaradda "Tu-204" ma yeelan karaan baahida weyn ee inta badan ee shirkadaha. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sida laga soo xigtay khubaro, model ugu dambeeyay oo ka mid ah "MS-21" meel ay u tartamaan leh markabka shisheeye "737". Sida laga soo xigtay warbixin dhawaan, ka sidayaal waaweyn, sida Cas garabyada iyo "Transaero" waxaa badanaa lagu soo waramayaa in ay xiiseynayaan in iibsashada unugyada hawada nooca cayimay. Tani waxay soo jeedinaysaa in halkii caansan waa diyaaradda "Tu-204", dib u eegista khabiir taas oo muujinaysa in ay tahay waqti hore si ay u falan kiiska aviakonstruktorskogo marxalad la soo dhaafay. KLA iyo Wasaaradda Warshadaha inay maalgashi lacag badan in mashaariicdan, taas oo ay jiraan kaliya on warqad. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah "MS-21", ayaa la qorsheeyay in la sii daayo on line kaliya ee 2020.

Description of sifooyinka farsamo ee diyaaradda "Tu-204"

Xaaladdan oo kale, tixgeli arrimaha soo socda:

• Crew - 3 qof.
• Laba engine turbofan - "PS-90A".
• aagga / garabka weerar dadban ku ahaa 42,0 m / 184,17 m².
• Cabbirka dhererka / height of diyaaradda - 46.0 / 13.9 m.
• duushay Culayska (ugu badnaan) / madhan - 94 600 kg / 58 ilaa 300 kg.
• Payload - 21000 kg.
• Ka saaciday inay xawaaraha waa 830 km / h.
• Saqafka la taaban karo - 12 ilaa 100 m.
• kala duwan oo ugu badnaan 2,900 km.
• Joogitaanka durkiyo 16.140 kg.
• Miisaanka: badnaan qaadataan-off / degtey - 94.6 t / 47 m, Qaabaynta waddada 58.3 m.
• load oggol Commercial - 21 tons.
• Flight dhaxayn ilaa 3700 km.

beddelka

Currently, waxaa jira dhawr kala duwanaansho of unit hawada this. Mid kasta oo ka mid ah ayaa Aasaasayaasha shaqeeyay si fiican si ay u helaan natiijada la rabay. Next, fiiri iyaga yar oo dheeraad ah.

"Tu-204"

Sida aynu hore u kor ku xusan, miisaanka duushay kiiska ee saldhiga ah waa 94.6 m. Markii ugu horeysay diyaarad this "tu-204", kuwaas oo sawir la siiyo, taasina, kacay 17 August 1990 (duulimaad jadwalka) hawada. Intaa waxaa dheer, xamuulka ah ayaa la soo saaray version of model ah. Scheme diyaarad "tu-204" waa ugu badnaan faah samaynta. Payload farsamadaa waxa aan ka badnayn 30 tons.

"Tu-204-100"

muuqashadii waxa uu leeyahay matoorada ee "PS-90A" iyo hage Ruush. Its waxtarka waa mid qaali ah. Tani waa xaqiiqo dhab ah oo la taaban karo. qol "Tu-204-100" kara 210 rakaab ah. shahaado ee diyaaradaha this ka dhacay qaboobaha 1995.

"Tu-204-200"

model Tani waa wax ka beddelid a "ee tu-204-100". Qalabaysan diyaarad this by taangiyada dheeraad ah shidaalka, taas oo lagama maarmaan u ah kala duwan oo weyn. Oo weliba, kuwa dhirta xirfad Ulyanovsk "Aviastar" dhisay hal unug keliya la sheegay in tirada guddiga RA-64036. Haddaba model ah oo la soo saaray ee Kazan.

"Tu-204-120"

"Tu-204-120" iyo "Tu-204-220" siday u kala horreeyaan waa beddelka "Tu-204-100" iyo "Tu-204-200". Waxay leeyihiin hage galbeedka iyo matoorada RB211-535E4 (2 × 19 500 kgf) - British-dhigay Rolls-Royce. abuurnimo waxaa loo sameeyey si loo ballaariyo guryaha macaamiisha ee model ah, taas oo marka hore u duulay ee August 1992 ka. Overseas airline shixnadaha charter ee Masar Cairo Aviaton dhigay on diyaaradaha tan 1998. Ka dib markii in, diyaaradaha Tupolev kuwan, taas oo uu leeyahay sawir in qoraalka, u dhiibay in Shiinaha. qol ee model this waxaa loo sameeyey in version Ingiriisi ah. Waxa ay fududaysaa gaarsiinta si ay dalalka kale. unit hawada ayaa sheegay in markii ugu horeysay ee taariikhda diyaarad Ruush waxaa shahaado la raacayo heerarka qaarkood Yurub.

"Tu-204-300"

Qaabkan (hore - "Tu-234") waa la soo gaabiyey si 6 mitir marka la barbardhigo qeexidda aasaasiga ah ee sooctey. diyaarad Tani waxay wax ka badan 162 oo rakaab ah karo, laakiin markii hore la filayay filanka ah 142 kursi ee diyaaradda "tu-204-300" qaybsan yihiin sida soo socota: 8 fasal ganacsiga iyo 134 - dhaqaalaha. sal-dhigida Tani waa muhiim. Tani waxay hoosta ka xariiqeen style gaarka ah ee this-habeynta, "Tu-204". The meelaha ugu fiican, dabcan, waxay noqon doontaa fasalka ganacsiga. Cutubkani waxaa loogu talagalay in saddex kala duwanaansho. kala duwan oo ay diyaarad waa 9250, 7500 iyo 3400 km. Sidaas darteed, "Tu-204-300" loo aqoonsaday diyaaradaha ugu horeysay ee iyadoo labo matoorada, taas oo ka dhigi kartaa dayuurada ka soo caasimadda ah ee Russia in Vladivostok oo aan la dhexgelin. Yaree miisaanka qaadataan-off ee diyaaradda ahaa 107,5 tan qalab ee model this yihiin :. hage qoyska "KSPNO-204 'iyo laba matoorrada" PS-90A ". Waayo, markii ugu horeysay, "Tu-204-300" duulay hawada ee August 2003, ka dib markii taas oo lagu fuliyay bandhig at show aerospace ee "MAKS-2003". Shahaado uu ahaa 14.05.2005, burburiyaha ee ay wax soo saarka serial ayaa la aasaasay Warshadda Ulyanovsk "Aviastar".

"Tu-204-300A"

diyaarad rayid ah Kuwaas oo loo isticmaalo gaadiidka maamulka masaafo aan ka badnayn 9600 km. Habka caawinaysa kaliya 26 rakaab ah. Gami - 42 tons.

"Tu-206"

Diyaaradda ayaa weli koraya khubaro. Waxa xiiso leh in hay'adaha yiri waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida gaaska dabiiciga ah shidaal la galeen ah. diyaarado Kuwani waxay bilaabeen in ay soo saaraan oo ku saleysan diyaarad noocan oo kale ah sida "Tu-204-100". Mid ka mid ah dhibaato weyn oo ay dhacdo in this waa meelaynta haamaha gaaska si ay u baahan mugga badan.

"Tu-214"

model Tani waa wax ka beddelid ah "tu-204". miisaanka qaadataan-off ugu badan ee cutubkan ayaa kor u kacay in 110,75 tons, iyo size payload -. Si 25.2 tan oo wax ka beddelid diyaaradaha xamuulka ayaa shahaado waafaqsan heerarka Ruush "AP-25", kuwaas oo la iswaafajiyaa la Western FAR-25 iyo JAR -252. wax soo saarka Serial wuxuu dhismay waa in Kazan iyaga aviaobedinenii. S. P. Gorbunova. First off model this waxaa ka dhacay 1989. Waxay bilaabeen in ay sii qulquli diyaarado kuwan Duulista Midowgii Soofiyeeti ee 1997 oo keliya. Taasi waa, ka dib burburkii Midowga Soofiyeeti. Bishii Abriil 2010, diyaarad bilaabeen in ay soo saaraan si gaar ah spetskomplektatsii. Laakiin si ay u abuuraan ee version ah oo ganacsi la joojiyay, sababtoo ah ma ahaa faa'iido. Inkastoo helitaanka of xiiso in a sidayaal ugu weyn ee ay wadar ahaan ku qeexan - "Transaero".

"Tu-204SM"

Tani waa diyaarad a qoto dheer wanaajiyey "Tu-204". In la barbardhigo "tu-204-100" uu miisaanka ugu badnaan duushay wax badan kor u kacay. Sidoo kale in model this waa la casriyeeyay hage. Taas darteed, tirada shaqaalihii markabka ayaa la dhimay ilaa laba qof, yaraynta kuraasta diyaaradda "tu-204" oo ka tagay markabka oo aan injineer on-guddiga. Taas waxa loo sameeyaa iyada oo la raacayo daydo dhaqanka caalamiga ah ee fasalka.

Intaa waxaa dheer, diyaaradaha "Tu-204SM" ayaa isbedelo qaar ka mid ah.

1. Casriyeynta oo ka mid ah turbofan "PS-90A2." Tani waxaa la socday by hoos u dhac in kharashka wareegga nolosha iyo habeeyn sii kordhaya iyo qaybaha khayraadka loo xilsaaray iyo walxaha waaweyn oo (dhinaca kulul - 10000 wareegyada iyo qabow - ilaa 20,000).
2. APU Updated "TA-18-200". Xaaladdan oo kale, waxa uu kordhay laga bilaabo sare iyo orodka. Waxaa la soo bandhigay qalab cusub, taas oo uu qabtaa hawlaha loo baahan yahay u dhiganta shuruudaha la filayo iyo hadda qaar ka mid ah ICAO iyo gacan ku haynta Yurub.
3. jiifku ay la casriyeeyay. tixgelin design ayaa la tixgeliyaa dhammaan dhinacyada in ay u dhigmaan airframe khayraadka.
4. qol ayaa soo hagaagtay.
5. shaqaale jaban 2 duuliye.
6. Waxaa la sameeyey oo sugaya nidaamka maamulka rakibo unugyada obschesamoletnymi (EMS). Sidoo kale, hagaagtay dayactirka iyo Baadhista.
7. nidaamka casriyeeyey: Energy Saver, Haydarooliga, shidaalka iyo qaboojiyaha.

Dhamaadkii bishii December 2010 waxay ku dhacday imtixaanka horyaalka "tu-204SM." Waxaa lagu fuliyay by baaritaan tijaabo ah oo si fiican u qalmay Viktor Minashkin. Hawlgalkani waxa si habsami leh u tegey. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhammaan baaritaanyada ku qeexan diyaaradaha updated fuliyay leh xoogaa dib u dhac ah. Shir jaraa'id Agaasimaha guud ee warshad duulista Sergey Dementiev sheegay dhagaystayaasha in diyaarad imtixaanka of model this la qorsheeyay December 17, 2010. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wuxuu carabka ku adkeeyay in shaqada on shirkii reer diyaarad noocan ah waa in la siiyaa jadwal.

"Aviastar-SP", shirkadda ayaa ilaa 2016 qorshayaasha in ay soo saaraan 44 diyaaradaha "Tu-204SM" weel, loogu tala galay Red garabyada Airlines ganacsi oo waaweyn. Sida laga soo xigtay warbixin hordhac ah, maalgelinta mashruucan waxaa loo qoondeeyey ugu yaraan $ 1.8 bilyan.

Bartamihii bishii January 2012 at shirkadda dhismaha diyaaradaha caanka Ulyanovsk hoos magaca "Aviastar-SP" Ra'iisul wasaare ku-xigeenka ee Russia ka dhigay. Sida laga soo xigtay Dmitry Rogozin, shahaado of diyaarad "Tu-204SM" rakaabka nooc cusub oo dhammaan doontaa in June, iyo ka dhexe ee sanadkii aan ka hadli karaa wax soo saarka serial.

natiijada

Ka dib markii reading kor ku xusan, mid ka mid sax ah ku yeelan kartaa fikrad ah waxa diyaarad lagu tilmaamay, iyo qaar ka mid ah kala duwanaansho ay ka jiraan. diyaarado Guud Tupolev si buuxda u la kulmo heerarka qaarkood. Currently, unugyada hawada ee qoyska ku raaxaysan baahida badan. sifooyinka Farsamada iyo waxqabadka aaladaha noocan ah waa heerka ugu habboon. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, horumarinta ha joojin oo ay sii wadaan si ay u horumariyaan noocan ah ee diyaaradaha.