Diyaaradda ugu dhaqsiyaha badan hypersonic ee dunida. diyaarad Ruush hypersonic

Diyaarad rakaab caadi ah duulaya xawaare ah oo ku saabsan 900 km / h. dagaalka ee ciidamada Jet gaari karo oo ku saabsan saddex jeer xawaaraha. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, injineerada casri ah ka soo Russia iyo dalalka kale si firfircoon horumarinta mashiinada more-xawaaraha sare - diyaaradaha hypersonic. Maxay yihiin waxyaabaha gaarka ah ee fikradaha ah?

Shuruudaha diyaaradaha hypersonic

Waa maxay diyaarad hypersonic? Under kuwa caadi ahaan la fahamsan yahay sida mashiin awood u duulaya xawaare marar badan ka badan in codka. Habab cilmi leh tilmaamayaasha gaarka ah qaarkood waxay kala duwan. habka loo qaybiyey on taas oo diyaaradda waa in loo arkaa hypersonic ah, haddii ay tahay badan ka weyn waxqabadka ugu dhaqsiyaha badan xawaaraha aaladaha supersonic casriga ah. Taas oo ku saabsan 3-4 kun. Km / h. Taasi waa, diyaarad hypersonic, haddii aad raacdo habka this, waa in ay gaaraan xawaare ah 6 kun. Km / h.

baabuur wadin oo ku shaqeeya

Hababka cilmi sidoo kale kala duwanaan karaan dhinaca of go'aaminta shuruuda ku darista of qalab ah diyaaradaha. Waxaa jira version a kuwa walwal sharci ah oo kaliya kuwa mashiinada ay maamusho nin. Waxaa jira hal dhibic of view, sida laga soo xigtay oo diyaaradaha ayaa sidoo kale la oran karo waa iyo saarnayn. Sidaa darteed, falanqeeyayaasha qaar ka mid ah kala saaro ee mashiinada noocan ah kuwa ku xiran yihiin in ay gacanta aadanaha iyo kuwa iskooda u shaqeeyaan. qaybsameen noocan oo kale ah waxaa laga yaabaa in xaq, maxaa yeelay, drones yeelan karaan a sifooyinka farsamo kale oo badan amaanaa, tusaale ahaan, marka la eego xawaaraha iyo accelerations.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, cilmi-badan oo ka fiirsan diyaaradaha hypersonic sida fikradda hal, taas oo ah tusaha muhiimka - xawaaraha. Haddii at kantaroolida mishiinka qofka fadhiya ama mashiinka robot gacanta - waxa ugu muhiimsan in diyaaradda uu ahaa ku filan si dhakhso ah.

Kac - oo keliya ama iyadoo la kaashanayo dadka kale?

Qaybiyey diyaaradaha hypersonic Qoondaynta, kaas oo ku salaysan yahay - si ay u kala saaraan in category kuwa ay awoodaan in ay iska on iyaga u gaar ah, ama kuwa u baahan waayo gaari oo awood badan - gantaal ama diyaarad xamuul ah. Waxaa jira hal dhibic of view on taas oo ay u apparatuses noocan ah sharci ah inta badan kuwa ay awoodaan in ay iska on gaar ah ama lug yar ee noocyada kale ee qalabka u sabab ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, cilmi kuwa rumeeyey in shuruuda ugu weyn in lagu tilmaamay diyaaradaha a hypersonic - xawaaraha, waa in ay muhiim in soocidda kasta. Haddii ay tahay shaqo ka mid ah qalabka si ay u an saarnayn, gacanta ku hayso, awoodaan in ay qaataan off on gaar ah ama baabuur kale - waa haddii tilmaame u dhigma gaadho qiimaha ee kor ku xusan, waxaa loola jeedaa in aan ka hadlayno diyaarad hypersonic.

Dhibaatooyinka ugu waaweyn ee xal hypersonic

Fikradaha of xal hypersonic - tobanaan badan. Sannadihii horumarinta nooca habboon ee qalabka oo dhan injineerada dunida ee xal u tiro ka mid ah dhibaatooyin aan yareyn, ujeeddo leedahay caqabad ku saaray arrinta "hypersonic" on il - sida ururka ee wax soo saarka ee turboprop.

dhib ugu weyn ee design ah ee diyaaradaha hypersonic - si ay u bixiyaan engine ah oo awood u leh in ay ku filan tamarta. dhibaato kale - in lays qalab ilaalinta kaamerada loo baahan yahay. Xaqiiqada ah in xawaaraha diyaaradda hypersonic qiimaynayo in aanu kor loo arkaa, soo jeedinaya kululaynta xoog leh oo jidhka ka mid sabab u ah khilaaf ah ee jawiga.

Maanta aynu eegno dhawr noocyo ka mid ah prototypes guul diyaarad nooca ku haboon, taas oo ku dhiirigelinayaan in uu ay awoodaan in ay si weyn uu horay u socdo marka la eego xal guul ka mid ah dhibaatooyinka soo sheegnay. Waxaan hadda barato horumarka caalamka ugu caansan ee la xiriira abuuritaanka diyaaradaha hypersonic noocan ah.

diyaarad ugu dhaqsaha badan ka Boeing

Diyaaradda ugu dhaqsiyaha badan hypersonic ee dunida, sida ay khubarada qaar ka mid ah, tani waa Maraykan ah Boeing X-43A. Tusaale ahaan, intii lagu jiray baaritaanka qalabka waxaa la diiwaangeliyey in uu gaaray xawaare ka badan 11 kun. Km / h. Taasi waa qiyaastii 9.6 jeer ka dhakhsi badan xawaaraha codka.

Waa maxay gaar ah xusid mudan diyaaradaha hypersonic X-43A? Features of diyaarad sida soo socota:

- xawaaraha ugu sareeya diiwaan on imtixaanada, - 11 ilaa 230 km / h,

- The Raven - 1.5 m,

- dhererka qolof - 3.6 m,

- Engine - cocurrent, Supersonic sari Ramjet;

- shidaalka - ogsijiin atmosfeerta, hydrogen.

Waa in la ogaadaa waxa laga yaabaa in mishiinka mawduuca kuwa ugu bay'adda u fiican yahay. Xaqiiqada ah in shidaalka la isticmaalay ficil ku lug leh formation of alaabta sari sun.

diyaarad Hypersonic X-43A waxaa si wadajir ah ay soo saareen injineerada NASA, iyo sidoo kale shirkadaha Orbical Science Corporation iyo Minocraft. Diyaaradda ayaa waxaa la abuuray oo ku saabsan 10 sano. Its horumarinta ayaa maal 250 Million. Doolar. cibaaro Fikrad diyaaradaha loo arkaa in la talagalay in ay baaraan technology ugu dambeeyay si loo hubiyo in hawlgalka ku riixdaan motor ah.

Horumarinta ka Science Orbital

Shirkadda Orbital Science, taas oo, sida aynu kor ku xusan, ka qaybqaatay abuurista qalabka X-43A, ayaa sidoo kale maamula si ay u abuuraan oo ay diyaarad gaar ah hypersonic - X-34.

xawaaraha Its top - in ka badan 12 kun km / h .. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in imtixaanka la taaban karo waxaa aan la gaarin - dhab ahaantii, waxa ay ku fashilantay in ay gaaraan bartilmaameedka, sida lagu muujiyey by diyaarad X43-A. diyaarad viewed degdegsiimada by faa'iidaysiga gantaalo "magacaabo", ka hawlgala on shidaal adag. Machine X-34 markii ugu horaysay la tijaabiyey sannadkii 2001. Viewed diyaaradaha unit si weyn u weyn ka Boeing - dherer ah 17,78 mitir, Raven - 8,85 m sare ugu mashiinada hypersonic ka Orbical Science -. 75 kiiloomitir.

Diyaaradda ayaa ka soo North American ah

diyaarad kale oo si fiican u yaqaan hypersonic - X-15, ay soo saarto shirkad North American. unit falanqeeyayaasha Tani waxay u yeelaan tijaabo ah.

Waxaa ku qalabeysan yahay matoorada gantaal, taas oo ku siinayaa asaasmeen khubarada qaar ka mid ah ma u yeelaan, dhab ahaantii, in ay fasalka ka mid ah diyaaradaha. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, engine gantaal joogitaanka awood mishiinka, gaar ahaan in la sameeyo duulimaadyo suborbital. Tusaale ahaan, inta lagu guda jiro mid ka mid ah imtixaanada in hab this waxa la baadhay by duuliye. qalab Ujeeddo X-15 - waxbarasho ee gaarka ah ee qiimaynta duulimaadka hypersonic of xal kala duwan design, qalabka cusub iyo muuqaalada sida gacanta mashiinka ee layers kala duwan ee jawiga. Waxaa xusid mudan in fikradda ah mashruuca la ansixiyay 1954. X-15 duulaya xawaare ka badan 7 kun. Km / h. kala duwan ee ay duulimaadka - in ka badan 500 km, sarajooggiisuna waa ka weyn yahay 100 km.

Diyaaradda ugu dhaqsiyaha badan wax soo saarka

Waxaan bartay kor baabuurta hypersonic dhab ka tirsan qaybta cilmi. Waxa ay noqon doontaa mid waxtar leh in la tixgeliyo qaar ka mid ah lagu daydo wax soo saarka ah ee diyaaradaha, ayaa ku dhow inay dabeecadaha hypersonic, ama waa (in hababka kala duwan) iyaga.

Ka mid ah mashiinada kuwan - horumarinta Mareykanka ee SR-71 ah. Diyaaradda, cilmi qaar ka mid ah u muuqdaan in ay tixraac hypersonic, tan iyo markii ay xawaaraha sare wuxuu ku saabsan yahay 3.7 kun. Km / h. Ka mid ah sifooyinka ugu duwanyihiin - off mass oo waa ka weyn yahay 77 tan. dhererka gaariga - in ka badan 23 mitir, Raven - in ka badan 13 m.

Waxaa loo arkaa mid ka mid ah MiG-25 ee Ruush, diyaarad military ugu dhaqsiyaha badan. Qalabka wuxuu gaari karaa xawaare ka badan 3.3 kun. Km / h. miisaanka ugu badan ka qaadataan-off of diyaarad Ruush - 41 ton.

Sayidka, go'aamada soo saarka suuqa, ayaa ku dhow inay dabeecadaha hypersonic, Federation Ruush - mid ka mid ah madaxda. Laakiin waxa ku saabsan horumarka ee qaybta Ruush oo ka mid ah diyaaradaha hypersonic "classic"? Ma injineero ka Federation Ruush in la abuuro xal, baabuur tartan ka Boeing iyo Orbital Scence?

baabuurta hypersonic Ruush

Waqtigan xaadirka ah, diyaaradaha supersonic Ruush yar yahay horumarinta. Laakiin iyadu waa wax firfircoon. Waxaan ka hadleynaa diyaarad Ju-71. Uu baaritaan ugu horeysay, sida ay sheegayaan wararka saxaafadda, ayaa lagu qabtay bishii February 2015 in Orenburg.

Waxaa la filayaa in diyaaradda loo isticmaali doonaa ujeeddooyin militari. Sidaas daraaddeed, qalab hypersonic karo, haddii loo baahdo, si ay u bixiyaan weerarkii hubka ka badan masaafo dheer, si ay ula socdaan meesha, laakiin waxaa sidoo kale ku lug lahaa sida element ah diyaaradaha weerarka. Qaar ka mid ah cilmi-waxay aaminsan yihiin in ee 2020-2025 sano. SMF yimaadaan ilaa 20 nooca kala of diyaaradaha.

In warbaahinta waxaa jira warar sheegaya in Russia tixgeliyo diyaaradaha hypersonic waxaa lagu qori doonaa on gantaalaha ballistic "Sarmat", kaas oo sidoo kale ku yaal marxalad design ah. falanqeeyayaasha qaar ayaa rumaysan in koraya a hypersonic mashiinka Ju-71 - waxba ma aha sida warhead ah, taas oo waa in la kala soocay oo ka gantaalaha ballistic ee wajiga ugu danbeeya ee duulimaadka, ka dibna, ay sabab u tahay dabeecad sare ee dhaqaajinta diyaaradaha in ay ka gudbaan nidaam gantaalada difaaca.

Mashruuca "Ajax"

Waxaa ka mid ah mashaariicda ugu caan ah oo la xidhiidha horumarinta diyaaradaha hypersonic - "Ajax". Waxaan u baran doonaa si faahfaahsan. diyaarad Hypersonic "Ajax" - horumarinta fikradeed ee injineerada Soviet. In beesha cilmiyeed ku saabsan wada hadalka, iyada oo bilaabay in 80s ee. Waxaa ka mid ah sifooyinka ugu caan ah - joogitaanka nidaam kaamerada ilaalinta in waxaa loogu talagalay in guryaha ka kululaado ilaaliyo. Sayidka, horumarinta qalabka "Ajax" bixin doonaa xal u ka mid yahay dhibaatooyinka "hypersonic" ku xusan waxaa naga kiin.

circuit ilaalinta kulka mashiinada duulaya dhaqanka ku lug meelaynta ee jirka ah qalab gaar ah. horumarinta "Ajax" jeediyay fikradda ah oo kala duwan, sida laga soo xigtay oo aan u malaynay in mishiinka ka kululaynta dibadda loo ilaaliyo, oo qirtay kulaylka galay mishiinka, halka laga kordhinayo ilaha tamarta ay. tartan ugu weyn ee mishiinka Soviet waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inay diyaarad hypersonic, "Aurora", abuuray oo dalka Mareykanka ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ay sabab u tahay xaqiiqada ah in samaynta Midowga Soofiyeeti si weyn u balaariyay fursadaha fikirka, horumarka cusub ayaa la dhiibtay tiro balaadhan oo ah hawlo, sida cilmi-baarista. Waxaan dhihi karnaa in "Ajax" - diyaaradaha badan loo hypersonic.

Ha ka fikiro si aynu si faahfaahsan u tabo cusub farsamada ay bixiyaan injineero ka USSR.

Sayidka, samaynta Soviet "Ajax" soo jeediyay in la isticmaalo kulaylka ahaan iyadoo ay sabab u airframe ee khilaaf ah jawiga, diinta galay tamarta waxtar leh. Farsamo ahaan, tani waxaa lagu gaari karaa adigoo qalabka on qolofka kale. Sidaas darteed, waxaa la sameeyay wax u eg jirka labaad. Its saabka loo malaynayo in la buuxiyo qaar ka mid ah Hannaan ah, tus, isku dar ah ee wax guban kara iyo biyo. Lakabka kulaylka-qalabada lagu sameeyo ee wax adag in "Ajax" loo moodayay in la badalay dareere ah, kuwaas oo gacanta ku hal, loo moodayay in la ilaaliyo engine ah, oo dhinaca kale ah - gacan ka lahaa in uu cadaanyo horseed ah, taas oo, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa la socon kara saamaynta endothermic - dhaqdhaqaaqa kulaylka ka baxsan qaybo gudaha kiiska. Fikrad ahaan, qaboojinta qaybta sare ee qalabka noqon karaa wax. kulaylka xad-dhaaf ah, oo iyana, waa la wareegay si ay u isticmaalaan in ay hagaajiso waxqabadka ee engine diyaarad. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, technology this ogolaan lahaa shidaalka in ay curiyaan ay sabab u tahay dareen-celin iyo noocyada hydrogen free.

Currently ay heli karaan macluumaad guud oo ku saabsan sii of horumarinta "Ajax" laga heli karaa, laakiin cilmi rumaysan hordhaca ah ee a fikradaha aad u rajo Soviet dhaqan.

baabuurta hypersonic Chinese

Tartame oo ka mid ah US iyo Russia on suuqa of xal hypersonic noqdo Shiinaha. Waxaa ka mid ah naqshado injineerada ugu caansan ka Shiinaha - diyaaradaha Wu-14. Waa dayuurad yar ah ay gacanta ku hypersonic in la saaro gantaalaha ballistic.

IDB bilawday diyaaradda meel, halkaas oo gaariga si weyn hoos raq, horumarinta xawaare hypersonic. unit Chinese lagu rakibayaa karaa duwan IDB isagoo kala duwan oo ka mid ah 2 ilaa 12 Km kun.. Waxa la ogaaday in inta lagu guda jiro imtixaanada mishiinka Wu-14 ahaa awoodaan in ay gaaraan xawaare ka badan 12 kun. Km / h, inuu noqdo sidaas diyaaradaha ugu dhaqsiyaha badan hypersonic sida ay falanqeeyayaasha qaar ka mid ah.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, cilmi badan waxay aaminsan yihiin in horumarka Shiinaha ee ma aha arrin cudur daar in ay tixraac fasalka of diyaaradaha. Sayidka, version caadiga ah, kaas oo qalab waa in la kala saaraa sida warhead ah. Oo aad wax ku ool. Inta lagu jiro dayuurada la xawaaraha la taaban karo xataa nidaamka difaaca gantaalaha ugu casrisan ma ballan qaadi karno in dhexda ujeedada ku habboon.

Waa in la ogaadaa laga yaabaa in horumarinta baabuurta hypersonic degan ujeedooyinka ciidamada, ayaa sidoo kale ku lug Russia iyo Mareykanka. Dhinaca kale, fikirka Ruush, kaas oo la damacsan yahay in la abuuro nooc ku haboon ee mashiinka, si weyn u kala duwan, sida ku cad xogta in qaar ka mid ah warbaahinta, ka mabaadi'da farsamada fuliyey Maraykanka iyo Shiinaha. Sidaas daraaddeed, horumarinta ee Federation Ruush ah ku urursan dadaal berrinkii diyaaradaha qalabaysan engine ramjet in ordi karaan dhulka ku. Russia ayaa qorshaynaysa in ay iskaashi dhinaca la India. baabuurta Hypersonic abuuray fikradda Ruush, sida qaar ka mid ah falanqeeyayaasha ayaa waxay leeyihiin qiime hoose iyo codsiga guud.

Ugu isla waqti Russia diyaaradda hypersonic, taas oo aan ku sheegay kor ku xusan (U-71), qabanayaa, sida laga soo xigtay qaar ka mid ah dadka falanqeeya, sida markii la dhigayaa on ICBMs. Haddii hadal run, ka dibna waxaan kala hadli kartaa waxa injineerada ka Federation Ruush ah ayaa ka shaqeynaya ka laba meelaha caanka ah ee dhismaha fikradeed ee diyaaradaha hypersonic.

oo kooban

Sidaas daraaddeed, malaha diyaaradaha ugu dhaqsiyaha badan hypersonic ee adduunka, marka la eego diyaaradaha, iyadoo aan loo eegin ay kala soocidda, weli waa mashiin Chinese Wu-14. In kasta oo ay tahay in loo fahmo in macluumaadka dhabta ah waxa ay ku saabsan, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa la xiriira imtixaanka, loo kala saari karaa. Tani waa waafaqsan mabaadii'da horumarinta Shiinaha, kuwaas oo inta badan in wax kasta oo uu isku dayayo inuu ilaashadaan technology military si qarsoon yihiin. xawaaraha diyaaradda ugu dhaqsiyaha badan hypersonic - in ka badan 12 kun km / h .. Waa "dhaco ilaa" la horumarinta Mareykanka X-43A - khubaro badan ayaa aaminsan in ay tahay ugu dhaqsiyaha badan ku. Fikrad ahaan diyaarad hypersonic X-43A, iyo Chinese Wu-14 ku qaadi kartaa ilaa on horumarinta Orbical Science, xisaabiyaa on heerka in ka badan 12 kun. Km / h.

Astaamaha u gaarka ah diyaaradda Ruush U-71 oo aan weli la shaaca ka qaaday in ay dadweynaha. Waxaa macquul ah in ay la keeni doonaa dhaw in ay ku soo koobin ee diyaaradaha Shiinaha. injineerada Ruush ayaa sidoo kale keeni horumarinta diyaaradaha hypersonic awood iska ICBMs ma ku salaysan, iyo iyaga u gaar ah.

mashaariicda hadda ka mid ah cilmibaadhayaasha ka Russia, China iyo Maraykanka in mid ka mid ah ama qaab kale ku xiran ciidamada. diyaarad Hypersonic, eegin ay kala soocidda suurto gal ah, waxaa loo arkaa ugu horrayn sida side hub ah, nuclear u badan tahay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in shaqada of cilmi ka kulmaan dunida theses in "hypersound" sida technology nuclear, waxaa sidoo kale laga yaabaa in si nabad ah.

Waa ilaa dhalashada of xal la awoodi karo oo lagu kalsoonaan karo in uu abaabulo wax soo saarka mass of baabuur nooca habboon. Isticmaalka qalabka sida waa suurto gal kala duwan ubalaadhan ee qeybaha kala duwan ee horumarka dhaqaalaha. Baahida ugu weyn ee diyaaradaha hypersonic ay u badan tahay in la helo in industry bannaan iyo cilmi-baarista.

Sida kharashka xiiso technology kala mashiinka saarka ee maalgeliso mashaariicda sida laga yaabaa in ay gutaan ganacsiga gaadiidka. shirkadaha warshadaha, bixiyeyaasha adeegyada kala duwan bilaabi karaan in ay ka fiirsan "hypersound" sida qalab si loo hagaajiyo tartan ee ganacsiga marka la eego ururka xidhiidhka caalamiga ah.