Ecumenical Wadaad of Constantinople: taariikhda iyo macnaha of

Dhaqanku xurmaysan inoo sheegayaa in St. Rasuul Andrey Pervozvanny ee '38 amreen xertiisa by magaca Istakhusna sida kiniisaddu magaalada Byzantium ah, goobta oo saddex qarniyo ka dib la aasaasay Constantinople. Iyada oo jeer, kuwaas oo billaabay kiniisadda, madax qarniyo badan waxay ahaayeen aynu ka soo farcannay, kuwaas oo u dhashay horyaalka ee Ecumenical ah.

Xaq u ah Fadilmo ka mid ah eid ka

Ka mid ah iyo koroowga shan iyo toban autocephalous hadda jira, sida madax-bannaan, Orthodox Kaniisadaha maxalliga ah, "waxaa labaya oo ka mid ah eid ka" waxaa loo arkaa inay ka Wadaad of Constantinople. Tani waa in ay muhiimadda taariikhiga ah. Horyaalka Full qofka haysta sida post muhiim ah - Ilaahnimadu quduusnimo Archbishop of Constantinople - New Rome iyo Ecumenical Wadaad.

Waayo, markii ugu horeysay abaal horyaalka ee Ecumenical Wadaad of Constantinople jiid ugu horeysay. saleysan sharciga waayo, taasu waxay ahayd go'aanka (Chalcedon) Golaha Ecumenical afaraad ee lagu qabtay 451, iyo si loo adkeeyo xaaladda madaxdii reer Church of Constantinople New Rome ee wadaadada waawayn - Labaad ee muhiimadda ay leedahay in ay ka koroowga of Church Roman ah.

Haddii ay marka hore, sida samaynta mucaaradka ku filan adag la kulmay in wareegyada siyaasada iyo diinta qaarkood, by dhammaadkii qarnigii soo socda waxaa xoojinaya booska awowe si uu kaalinta dhabta ah ee xalka arrimaha gobolka iyo kaniisadda noqday xukuma. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa ugu dambeyntii la xaqiijiyey iyo horyaalka si xaqse oo wordy.

Wadaad - dhibane iconoclast ah

History of Church ee Byzantine ogyahay magaca badan oo aynu ka soo farcannay weligiis galay gudaha galay, oo ka mid ah quduusiinta canonized. Mid ka mid ah iyaga ka mid ah waa St Nicephorus, Wadaad of Constantinople, oo ahaa guddoomiyaha raggu kula 806 by 815 sano ah.

Inta lagu guda jiro boqornimadiisa ay astaan u halgan gaar kulul wadaan taageerayaasha iconoclasm - dhaqdhaqaaqa diinta, wax diidi xurmayn ee walxood oo images kale xurmada leh. Xaaladda waxaa sii xumeeyay xaqiiqada ah in ka mid ah kuwa raacsan ee habkani ahaa dad badan oo wax raadayn kara, iyo xitaa a boqorada yar.

Aabbaha Wadaad Nicephorus, Emperor Constantine V xoghayaha u ah horumarinta xurmayn ee walxood dhumiyay shaqadiisa iyo waxa loo musaafuriyay Aasiyada Yar, halkaas oo uu musaafuris ku dhintay. sida Nikifor qudhiisa, ka dib markii 813 sano carshiga la qotomiyey boqor iconoclast Leo Armenian ah, oo iyana waxay ahayd dhibane uu nacayb for sanamyada quduuska ah, iyo maalmaha uu dhamaaday sanadka 828 maxbuus ah mid ka mid ah Biyac fog. Adeegyada weyn in Kaniisadda, ayuu markii dambe la canonized. Maanta, Wadaad of Constantinople St Nicephorus waa qadarin ma aha oo kaliya guriga, laakiin sidoo kale in dunida oo dhan Orthodox.

Wadaad Photios - aqoonsan aabbihiis kaniisadda

Sii sheekada oo ka mid ah wakiilada ugu caansan ka mid ah Patriarchate of Constantinople, ma xusuusan karo fiqi caan Byzantine Wadaad Photios, kuwaas oo uu adhiga in 857 uu hoggaaminayo 867 sano ah. Ka dib markii Ioanna Zlatousta iyo Grgoriya Bogoslova aabaha saddexaad aqoonsan yahay ee kaniisadda, kuwaas oo mar of Constantinople qabtay.

uu ku dhashay, taariikhda saxda ah aan la garanayn. Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in uu dunida u yimid in tobanka sano ee hore ee qarnigii IX ah. Waalidkiis waxay ahaayeen kuwo aad u qani ah iyo dad aqoon leh oo isu, laakiin inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada Te'ofilosow - cadaadis iconoclast kulul -podverglis oo wuxuu tegey maxaabiis ahaan. In la mid ah ayay ku dhinteen.

Wadaad halganka Photios la baadari

Ka dib markii goysiga oo carshiga ku socda Michael Emperor ee III ee aan qaan gaarin, Photius mustaqbalkiisa ciyaareed cajiib bilaabay - marka hore sida macallin, ka dibna at waajibaadka maamulka iyo diinta. In 858, wuxuu haystaa xafiiska ugu sareeya ee madaxda kiniisadda. Laakiin nolosha xasilloon uu kama taro. Laga soo bilaabo maalmood ee ugu horreeya Wadaad Fotiy Konstantinopolsky ahaa ee qarada waaweyn oo halganka dhinacyada kala duwan ee siyaasadda iyo dhaqdhaqaaq diimeed.

Inta badan xaalada waxa sii xumeeyey iska hor imaad la Church Galbeed, sababay muran ku saabsan awood koonfurta Italy iyo Bulgaria. bilaabaha ee colaadaha ahaa Pope ka. Wadaad Konstantinopolskiy Foty la hadlay uu dhaleeceyn fiiqan, taas oo uu excommunicated by baadari ah kiniisadda. Ma doonayo inuu sii joogo deynta, Wadaad Photios sidoo kale anathematized uu soo horjeeda.

From inkaarnaado in horraysay

Later on, durba mudada gooyo soo socda, Basil aan, Photios ahaa dhibane u ahaa intrigues maxkamadda. Influence maxkamadda isaga ka helay taageerayaasha ka mid ah xisbiyada siyaasadeed ee soo horjeeda, sidoo kale Wadaad hore kaga dejiyey carshigiisii Ignatius I. Sidaas darteed, Photios, sidaas darteed ugu baahan tahay inay yimaadaan si ay duuban la baadari ah, waxaa meesha ka saaray ka waaxda, excommunicated oo ku dhintay dibad.

Ka dib ku dhawaad kun sannadood ah, in 1847, markii primate oo ka mid ah Church of Constantinople ahaa Wadaad VI ee Anthimus, inkaarnaado in awowe caasi ah ayaa laga saaray, iyo, sababtoo ah wax badan oo xoog sameeyo qabrigiisii, uu canonized. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Russia ayaa loo aqoonsan yahay fal ee tiro ka mid ah sababaha, taas oo keentay in wada hadal u dhexeeya wakiilada ugu ah kaniisadaha dunida Orthodox ah.

fal sharci ah, aan la aqbali karin in Russia

Waa in la ogaadaa in Church Roman ee qarniyo badan ayaa diiday in ay aqoonsadaan kiniisadda of Constantinople meel sharaf leh saddex jeer. Aabaha bedelay maskaxdiisa oo kaliya ka dib markii in 1439 ururka waxa loogu yeero la saxiixay ee Golaha Florence - heshiiska midowga kiniisadaha Catholic iyo Orthodox.

falkan siiyaa eegidda sarreeya Pope ka, iyo, iyadoo la sii kiniisadda Bari Umaad iyaga u gaar ah, oo ay aqbalaan ee uu aamino ee Catholic. Waa wax caadi ah in heshiis noocaas ah counter waddaa in shuruudaha Axdiga Ruushka Orthodox Church, in loo diiday by Moscow, waxaana uu saaray saxiixiisa Metropolitan Isidor diiday sharaf.

aynu ka soo farcannay Christian gobolka Islamic

labaatan sano ka yar hal iyo badh. In 1453, Empire Byzantine ay burburtay hoos ciribtir oo ka mid ah ciidamada Turkish. Rome Second dhacay, oo wuxuu meeshiisii Moscow laga badiyay. Laakiin Turkigu kiiskan ayaa muujiyey dulqaad cajiib ah, waayo, jiriin diineed. Dhis oo dhan hay'adaha awoodda dawladda ku ah mabaadii'da Islaamka, ay, si kastaba ha ahaatee, loo oggol yahay inay ka jiraan ee dalka waa arrin bulsho weyn Christian.

Tan iyo markaas, ka Wadaad of Constantinople, kiniisadda ayaa gebi ahaanba laga badiyay ay saameyn siyaasadeed, ku hadhay, hase ahaatee, hoggaamiyayaasha diinta Christian in bulshadooda. Xafidaada kaalinta labaad lagu qiimeeyo, ay diiday wax khayraadka iyo shiidaa ma aha ee hab-nololeedka ah, ayaa lagu qasbay in ay baahi aad u daran ku doodeen. Illaa aasaaska ee 1589 ee patriarchate ee Russia, Wadaad of Constantinople ahaa madaxa kaniisadda Orthodox Ruush, iyo deeq u deeqsi oo ah amiirradii Moscow oggolaan inuu sii bartey dhigi darafyadiisa kulmaan.

Taa baddalkeeda, ka Wadaad of Constantinople oo waxba ma ay sii deyn. Waa on bangiyada of Bosphoru waxaa quduus ka dhigay horyaalka ee ugu horeysay ee Russian Tsar Ivan IV Xun, iyo Wadaad Ierimiya II barakeeyey at goysiga si guddoomiyaha ugu horeysay ee Moscow Wadaad Job. Tani waxa ay ahayd tallaabo muhim ah u horumarka dalka, taas oo ku riday Russia on par leh dalalka kale ee Orthodox.

hamiga aan la filayn

In ka badan saddex qarniyo, Patriarchs kiniisadda Constantinople ciyaaray kaliya door suubban ee madaxda u ahaa bulshada Christian ku yaalaan gudahood urub ee Empire awood badan iyadoo ay sabab u natiijada War World koowaad ee aan la jebiyey. In nolosha gobolka, wax badan ayaa isbedelay, iyo xataa caasimada hore ee Constantinople ee 1930 waxaa magacooda loo baxshay Istanbul.

On arkaynin Guryohoodii mooyee oo ka mid ah awoodaha mar xoog badan Patriarchate of Constantinople si degdeg ah xoojiyey. Tan iyo bartamihii-labaataneeyada ee qarnigii la soo dhaafay ay hogaanka ay si firfircoon uga fuliyaan fikradda, sida laga soo xigtay oo ah Wadaad of Constantinople waa in caqliga leh awood dhab ah oo aad hesho saxda ah ma aha oo kaliya in ay nolol diinta qurba Orthodox oo dhan, laakiin sidoo kale ay ka qayb qaataan xallinta dhibaatooyinka gudaha ee kaniisadaha kale autocephalous. Taas ayaa cadaadis uu saaran dunida Orthodox oo helay magaca "popery bari."

racfaanka Garsoorka ee Wadaad ah

Saxiixay 1923 Lausanne Treaty sharciyeeyay ah burburkii of Boqortooyadii Cismaaniyadda iyo aasaasay xuduudaha line ee gobolka cusub. Waxa uu sidoo kale diiwaan horyaalka ee Ecumenical Wadaad of Constantinople sida a, laakiin dawladda Jamhuuriyadda casriga Turkish diido in la aqoonsado. Waxaa siinayaa ogolaansho oo kaliya in ay aqoonsi u ahaa Wadaad ka mid ah bulshada Orthodox Turkish.

Sannadkii 2008, ka Wadaad of Constantinople lagu qasbay inuu racfaan Maxkamada Yurub ee Xuquuqda Aadanaha iyadoo dacwad ka dhan ah Dowladda Turkiga, mid ka mid ah hoyga Orthodox Khayaamay on Buyukada Island Badda xumeeyayna ah. In July ee isla sannadkaas, ka dib markii kiis dib, maxkamaddu waxay si buuxda u dhergi rafcaanka, iyo, weliba, bayaan ku saabsan ictiraafka uu sharci. Waa in la ogaadaa in tani ay ahayd markii ugu horeysay ee primate oo ka mid ah Church of Constantinople hagaajiyaa maxkamadaha Yurub.

document Legal 2010

dukumenti kale oo muhiim sharci siyaabo badan go'aamiyo xaaladda ay iminka ka mid ah Wadaad of Constantinople, wuxuu ahaa xalinta ansixiyay Golaha Baarlamaanka ee January 2010, Golaha Yurub. Qoraalkan waxa u baahan in la aasaaso xorriyadda diimeed ee xubnaha non-Muslim oo dhan laga tirada badan yahay ee ku nool Turkiga iyo Eastern Greece.

Qaraarka la mid ah ugu baaqay xukuumadda in ay ixtiraamaan Turkish horyaalka "Ecumenical" sida awowe of Constantinople, liiska oo tagaa dib dhowr boqol oo qof, waxaa xiran oo ku saleysan oo ka mid ah xeerarka sharci ee khuseeya.

primate hadda ka mid ah Church of Constantinople

shakhsiyadda Bright iyo asalka ah waa Wadaad of Constantinople Bartolomayos aan, enthronement ah kuwaas oo lagu soo dhamaystay October 1991. Magaciisa cilmaani ah - Dimitrios Arhondonis. Greek by dhalashadiisa, ayuu waxa uu ku dhashay 1940 jasiiradda of Imbros ay leeyihiin Turkey. Helitaanka waxbarashada dugsiga guud ahaan iyo ka Halki seminary, Dimitrios, markii uu ahaa in taliyuhu uu adeegto ka qalin jabiyay, u adeegay sidii sargaal ka tirsan ciidamada Turkiga.

Ka dib markii dhigis uu bilaabo inuu fuulo in meelaha aqoonta fiqi ahaaneed. Muddo shan sano Arhondonis tababaray jaamacadaha ee Italy, Switzerland iyo Germany, oo sababtay in uu noqdo dhakhtar ah fiqi oo bare ka ah ee Gregorian University Pontifical ah.

Polyglot on kursiga raggu

Kartida aad u milmi aqoon ninkan si fudud u aheyn. In shantii sano oo waxbarasho uu guuleysto Jarmal, Faransiis, Ingiriis iyo Talyaani. Halkan waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in aad ku darto uu afka hooyo Turkish iyo fiqiga - Latin. Ka dib markii in Turkey laabtay, Dimitrios dhex maray oo dhan heerarka kala duwan ee madaxda diinta, halka sanadkii 1991 uu ku doortay primate oo ka mid ah Church of Constantinople.

"Green Wadaad"

In berrinkii hawlaha caalamiga ah ee quduuska ah Wadaad Bartolomayos of Constantinople helay warkiisii sida dagaalka loogu talagalay ilaalinta ee deegaanka dabiiciga ah. In jihada this, wuxuu ahaa qabanqaabiyaha of tiro ka mid ah goobaha caalamiga ah. Waxaa kale oo la og yahay in Wadaad ku qabtaan iskaashi firfircoon la tiro ka mid ah ururada deegaanka. Waayo, in hawl oo dhan-quduuska Bartolomayos heshay horyaalka aan rasmi ahayn - "Green Wadaad".

Wadaad Bartolomayos ayaa ku dhow xiriirka saaxiibtinimo ee madaxda u ahaa Church Orthodox Ruush, oo uu booqasho degdeg ah ka dib markii uu enthronement 1991. In koorsada of wadahadalo markaas primate Constantinople ah oo sheegay inuu gacan Orthodox Church ee Ruush ah ee Patriarchate Moscow ee colaadda ay la-goboleedka is magacaabay iyo ka barta qaadanin of view, sharci darrada ah Kyivan Patriarchate ah. xiriirada noocan oo kale ah ayaa sii waday sannadihii danbe.

Ecumenical Wadaad Bartolomayos, Archbishop of Constantinople, had iyo jeer go'aan mabda'a oo dhan muhiim ah. Tusaale ahaan A duwanyihiin of this waa hadal waqti biloowday 2004 at the dood All Council Ruush Dadka on aqoonsiga Moscow Saddexaad Rome ku nuuxnuuxsaday muhiimadda ay diinta iyo siyaasadda gaar ah. In uu hadalka, Wadaad u xukumay fikradda sida suuragal ahayn fiqi ahaan iyo siyaasad ahaan khatar ah.