Electron lacag

Korontada, korontada, korontada hadda, amarka electron ah - erayada qof walba ogyahay.

Sidaas waa maxay korontada, sida loo soo saaro oo lagu kala qaado? Si ay u bixiyaan jawaabta su'aalahan ma fududa. Si arrintan loo sameeyo, waxaad u baahan tahay si ay u bartaan kala duwan oo badan ee ifafaale loo yaqaan koronto. Waxaan marka hore ka fiirsan asalka ah ee erayga "korontada".

Kale BC Baydka Greece, saynisyahano helay in ka dib markii ku xoqeen ayay waxyaabaha ka cadaatay in ay iyaga soo jiidan meydadka iftiinka. Amber Giriigga - "electron"; waxay ka timid erayga this yimaado magaca "korontada".

In qeybtii labaad ee qarnigii XVI saynisyahan British Gilbert ogaadeen in ma aha oo kaliya ayaa hantida cadaatay oo soo jiidan meydadka iftiinka. hantida noocan oo kale ah helay by khilaaf iyo sidoo kale walxaha badan, tusaale ahaan, cusbi, galaas. Tani waxay ifafaale loo yaqaan caadiga. Maandooriyaha isuna guri frictional noqday kuwa loo yaqaan electrified.

meydadka caadiga, saynisyahano ku Caddaynay dhalashada ee korontada jidhka ka mid ah ama lacag koronto.

In jidhka la electrified, waxa daruuri xoqin, karaa, tusaale ahaan, si ay u taabto by shey kasta oo horay electrified. Tusaale ahaan, waayo-aragnimo muujinaysaa in meydadka electrified kada ah ama mid kasta oo kale soo jiitaan. Iyadoo ku saleysan, waxaan soo gabagabeeyey in uu jiro nooc ka mid ah oo kala duwan oo lacag koronto. Tani waa ka soo horjeeda si kasta kharashyada kale.

Qaar ka mid ah lacagahan yimid in loogu yeedho keeneysa la wanaagsan, oo kale - xun. U fiirsasho ee jirka sida lalana electrified, ayaa shaaca ka qaaday in sida eedeeyay kada doonaa, oo ka duwan - jiitay.

Su'aasha ah waxa lacag koronto, saynisyahano xiiso muddo dheer. Marka hore waxaan qiyaasayey in ifafaale korontada sababa dareere korontada isagoo miisaan ma lahayn. Culimada qaarkood ayaa soo jeediyay in hay'ad kasta waxay leedahay laba dheecaanka korontada: togan iyo kuwa taban, iyadoo in ka badan hal abuuraa jidhka caadiga wanaagsan iyo in ka badan oo kale oo ka - xun. Haddii ay joogaan in tiro siman, saamaynta labada dareere ah inuu wax baabbi'iyo kasta oo kale. Xaaladdan oo kale, jidhka noqdo mashquulsanayeen. saynisyahano kale ayaa la rumaysan yahay in uu jiro dheecaanka korontada ka mid ah oo kaliya, kaas oo ku jira in xaddi gaar ah ee jirka kasta uncharged. dheeraadka ah ee jirka u yeela electrification wanaagsan, iyo la'aanta - xun. Tartiib tartiib, si kastaba ha ahaatee, falanqaynta xaqiiqooyinka cusub tijaabo lagu qasbay in ay ka tanaasulaan la xiqiijiyay of dheecaan korontada.

Sidaas darteed, waxaa la ogaadey in korontada uu leeyahay qaab-dhismeedka qaaradda, i.e. waxaa loo qaybin karaa qaybaha, kuwaasoo mid walba uu yahay waxa loogu yeero lacag hoose korontada. Tani waxay inoo ogolaatay in la soo gabagabeyn, oo gacanta ku hal, waxbarasho ah oo maraayay korontada iyada oo xal of cusbada iyo acids, ka dibna gaasas waxbarasho korontada. Ugu dambeyntii, waayo-aragnimo ayaa muujisay in lacag korontada hoose wareejiyo qayb ka ugu yar ee arrinta.

Tijaabo fuliyay dhamaadka qarnigii XIX jirka ah English Thomson, waxay u suurtogelisay in la furo wax ah walxaha shaqsi isagoo kharash yar korontada, ka dibna soo jeestay oo qiyaas ay magnitude.

Sayidka, walxaha ugu yar oo ah walaxda ah taas oo uu leeyahay oo ah mas'uul ka xun hoose, loo yaqaan electron.

Kharashka korontada ee electron ah - mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu muhiimsan ee hantida loogu kala saari karin.

Its mass of m = 9,1˖10⁻²⁸

lacag electron The e = - 4,8˖10⁻¹⁰ unugyada.

Electron - mid ka mid ah qayb ka, taas oo ay qayb ka yihiin walax kasta. Walxaha ka kooban yihiin atamka, taas oo ka mid ah xuduntii wanaagsan eedeeyay iyo electrons, taas oo u guurto oo ku wareegsan. Kharashka xun ee electron ah gabi ahaanba waa isku mid ee wax kasta, si kastaba ha ahaatee, oo ku saabsan tirada iyo qaybinta nuclei kala duwan. Marka la eb waa xaalad dhexdhexaad ah, ugu wanaagsan lacag xuduntii waa loo siman yahay si ay u soo tiriya qolo ka mid ah lagu eedeeyay xun ee electrons in iilan ku wareegsan.

Inta la eb in lumiyo electrons; xaaladan oo kale amarka wanaagsan xuduntii uu noqdo ka badan qadarka lacag electron haray, ka dibna Attam oo dhan noqdo si wanaagsan lagu soo eedeeyay. Marka jidhka waxaa si xun u amray, oo waxay ka dhigan tahay in ay jiraan electrons ka badan.

Mooshinka of electrons go'aamiso qeybiyey ee lagu eedeeyay korontada ee walxaha, meydadka electrification togan iyo kuwa taban iyo ifafaale kale.