Ma ogtahay in hawada - gaas isku dar ah? Air Gas Halabuurka

Air - xaalad lagama maarmaanka ah ee nolosha ka mid ah tirada ugu badan ee noolaha caalamka.

cuntada oo aan qof ku noolaan karaan muddo bil ah. biyo aan - saddex maalmood. Haddii aan hawada - oo kaliya dhowr daqiiqo.

History of cilmi

Ma aha qof kasta waa og yahay in qayb ay ugu waaweyn ee nolosha - waa wax aad u inhomogeneous. Air - isku dar ah ee gaasaska. Waa maxay?

Muddo dheer waxa la filayay, in hawada waa shay hal a, laakiin aan isku dar ah ee gaasaska. xiqiijiyay of heterogeneity muuqday in shuqullada sayniska ee saynisyahano badan oo waqtiyo kala duwan. Laakiin dheeraad ah qofna isla dhexmarayo teori dhaqaaqay. Kaliya ee qarnigii farmashiyaha Scottish siddeed Dzhozef Blek experimentally caddeeyeen in Halabuurka gaaska hawada isku mid ahayn. daahfurka waxaa loo sameeyey in koorsada of tijaabo soo socda.

saynisyahano casriga ah ayaa muujisay in hawada - isku dar ah gaaska ka kooban yahay toban xubno ka ugu weyn.

Halabuurka The kala duwan dul goobta fiirsashada ku xiran tahay. Go'aaminta kooban hawada qaadataa meel joogto ah. On this ku xiran tahay caafimaadka dadka. Air - isku dar ah gaaska kasta?

Ugu sarreeya sare (gaar ahaan buuraha) content ogsijiin yar yahay. fiirsashada Tan waxa loo yaqaan "hawada Barxo". In kaynta, on lid ku ah, content ogsijiin of badnaan. In goobaha magaalooyinka kordhay content carbon dioxide. Go'aaminta kooban hawada - mid ka mid ah waajibaadka ugu muhiimsan ee adeegyada deegaanka.

Halkee ayaan ka isticmaali kartaa hawada

• The mass hawada tilmaantay Tifaftirayaasha BBC waxaa loo isticmaalaa in la liso cadaadis. Illaa toban bar rakibay on kasta taayirrada saldhigga habboon. Air badbadiyay Taayirada.
• Shaqaalaha isticmaalaan dubbayaal, qoryaha pneumatic qaadidda deg deg ah / kordhaya nuts iyo handarraabbadeedii. Waayo, qalabka sida waxa lagu gartaa miisaan hoose iyo oolnimada sare.
• In warshadaha isticmaalaya varnishes, hawada tilmaantay Tifaftirayaasha BBC waxaa laga codsadaa in ay dardar-socodka lagu qalajiyo.
• mass hawada baabuur Tifaftirayaasha ka caawisaa in baabuurta lagu qalajiyo deg deg ah;
• dhirta saarta isticmaalaan hawada tilmaantay Tifaftirayaasha nadiifinta qalabka ka cayn kasta oo wasakhaysan. In warshadaha alwaaxa ah sidaas in la nadiifiyaa karaa hangars balka iyo faaradda dhan.
• warshadaha kiimikada mar dambe u muuqataa qalabka ma lagu nadiifiyo tuubooyinka ka hor bilowga ugu horeysay.
• In wax soo saarka ee oxides iyo acids.
• Si loo kordhiyo heerkulka hab socodka;
• Waxaa laga soo hawada , gaasas inert ;

Maxaan ugu baahanahay inaan hawada si dadkuba ku nool

Hawsha ugu wayn ee hawada, ama halkii, mid ka mid ah qaybaha ugu muhiimsan - oxygen - si ay u dhexgalaan galay unugyada, oon si kor loogu qaado habka lagu qayilo ka. Iyada oo jidhkan helo tamarta muhiim u ah nolosha.

Air jidhka ka gala sambabada, ka dibna loo qaybiyey jidhka by yahay nidaamka wareegga dhiigga.

Air - isku dar ah gaaska kasta?. Aynu u baaro si faahfaahsan.

nitrogen

Air - gaas isku dar ah, qaybta hore oo waa nitrogen. Toddobaad Dmitry Mendeleev nidaamka element wareegsan. Waxaa loo tixgeliyaa horyaal Chemist Scottish Daniel Rutherford ee 1772

Waxaa ka mid ahaa in ay borotiinada iyo acids nucleic ee jirka aadanaha. Inkasta oo ay saamiga unugyada waa qiimo lahayn - aan ka badnayn saddex boqolkiiba, gaaska waa lagama maarmaanka u ah hawlaha caadiga ah.

Iyadoo qayb ka ah content hawada ay - in ka badan toddobaatan boqolkiiba siddeed.

Under xaaladaha caadiga ah waa midab iyo ur. Waxa aanu galaan xeryahooda waxyaabaha kale ee kiimikada.

tirada ugu weyn ee nitrogen waxaa loo isticmaalaa in industry kiimikada, gaar ahaan soo saaridda of Bacriminta.

Nitrogen waxaa loo isticmaalaa in industry ee caafimaad ee soo saaridda of formaldehyde, waxyaabaha qarxa.

In Qurxin isticmaalaya gaaska finan daaweynta, nabarro, burooyinka, nidaamka thermoregulatory ee jidhka ku jira.

Iyadoo isticmaalka nitrogen ammonia ku dhexsameeysmo jirka, soo saaraan nitric acid.

Marka soo-saarka gaaska iyo cadaadiska saliid of nitrogen la hayo inta u dhaxaysa lakab. In qodista ceelasha cusub gaaska ogolaanaya Wabiyo dheecaanka.

In warshadda macdan qodista, nitrogen waxaa loo isticmaalaa in deminta dababka adag. In metallurgy iyo warshadaha coke-kiimikada - in la xoojiyo wax ka iyo in la wanaajiyo tsementizatsii.

In warshadaha korontada - waayo qayilo ee semiconductors iyo wareeggeedii.

Waxaa loo adeegsaday in u nadiifisaa oo imtixaanka dhuumaha.

nitrogen Liquid waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida refrigerant ah. gaaska Tan waxaa gareeyeen diyaaradaha marsho degtey iyo giringirihii baabuurta caadiga ah. wax soo saarka The nitrogen sanadlaha ka badan toddobaatan million tons.

Gaas waxaa si balaadhan looga isticmaalo sababta oo ah guryaha ay u gaar ah oo cheapness qaraabo.

dhalada nitrogen - madow la calaamadayn huruud ah.

oxygen

Air - gaas isku dar ah, kii labaadna wuxuu ahaa of taas oo ah boqolkiiba oo ah ogsijiin. element Sideedaad miiska wareegsan. gaaska waa midab iyo ur. Furitaanka tiriyey saynisyahan British Joseph Priestley ee 1774.

Iyada oo qayb ka qaadataa kow iyo labaatan boqolkiiba hawada. Oo waa hadiyad in unugyada buuxda ugu wanaagsan oo dhan xayawaan, dhirta iyo sheyga.

Isha asal ahaan waa jawiga of dhulkeenna.

Company qodniinka- oxygen saafi ah waxaa loo isticmaalaa ka saarida ee nijaasta u aabayeelin lagu jiro ridaya bir, iyo in la kordhiyo heerkulka sari.

Gas loo isticmaalo alxanka biraha iyo goynta gaaska. dhululubada ogsijiin - buluug.

In warshadaha duulista - sida oxidizer for gano ah.

In daawada - in suuxinta, anti-neefta iyo hypoxia, xanuunada neefsashada, bukaanka decompression.

In warshadaha kiimikada, oxygen waxaa loo isticmaalaa lagu qayilo ee Consort in alcohols, acids, aldehydes, wax soo saarka acid nitric.

balliyada oxygen - Kalluumaysiga.

Laakiin qiimaha ugu weyn ee gaaska waa in ay xayawaanka. Marka jidhka gargaarka ogsijiin lagu meeleyn karaa (oxidize) lagama maarmaanka ah borotiinada, dufanka iyo carbohydrates, iyaga jeestay galay tamarta.

argon

gaaska, qayb ka mid ah hawada waa saddexaad ee muhiimadda - argon. Content kama badna boqolkiiba hal. Waa gaas ah inert aan midabka, dhadhanka iyo urta. element siddeed iyo tobnaad ee nidaamka wareegsan.

Xusuuso koowaad waxaa u sabab ah farmashiyaha Ingiriiska Henry Cavendish ee 1785. Markaasaa Rabbigu Lerey iyo Uilyam Ramzay helay Nobel Prize ee caddaynta jiritaanka gaaska iyo waayo-aragnimada iyaga la.

Codsiyada argon:

• laambad incandescent;
• buuxinta bannaan oo u dhaxeeya godadka sanduuqyada caaga ah,
• Dhexdhexaad in alxanka ku ilaaliya;
• deminta wakiilka;
• isdaahirinta hawada;
• Avv kiimikada.

jidhka bini'aadamka uusan wax badan oo wanaagsan ma keeno. At gaaska sare uruureen keeni dhegto.

Dhululubada la cirro argon ama madow.

The haray toddoba xubno ka samaysan 0,03% hawada.

carbon dioxide

Carbon in Halabuurka hawada dioxide waa midab iyo ur.

Waxaa la aasaasay by suuska ama gubasho qalabka organic sii daayay inta lagu guda jiro Neefta oo baabuurta iyo gaadiidka kale ee.

jidhka bini'aadamka waxaa la aasaasay in nudaha ay sabab u tahay geeddi socodka muhiim ah oo loo wareejiyay nidaamka arooriyaha sambabada.

Uu qiimo fiican, tan at xamuulka ballaarinaya qalintaanka u ogolaanaya walxaha Gaadiid weyn. A saamayn togan ku myocardium ah. Kordhay jeer iyo awood load ah. Waxaa loo isticmaalaa inta lagu guda jiro saxo hypoxia. Waxaa ka qeyb sharciyeynta Neefta.

In warshadaha, dioxide kaarboon ka gaasas sari sida a by gaaska ama hababka kiimikada kala hawada soo saaray.

Codsiga waa mid aad u ballaaran,

• preservative ah ee warshadaha cuntada;
• sharaabka carbonation;
• dab-bakhtiiyeyaasha iyo nidaamyada dab deminta;
• unugyada labka iyo dheddiga ee dhirta biyaha;
• Dhexdhexaad in alxanka ku ilaaliya;
• gulufyadii si loogu isticmaalo hub gaaska;
• refrigerant.

iyakana

Air - gaas isku dar ah, shanaad ee taas oo iyakana. Waxaa la furay xilli dambe - in 1898. Magaca fasiraya ka Greek sida "cusub".

gaaska Monatomic taas oo midab iyo ur.

Waxay leedahay conductivity korontada sare. Waxay leedahay a qolof elektaroonik ah oo dhamaystiran. Inert.

Gas helay kala hawada.

Codsiga:

• Inerted in industry;
• refrigerant ee dhirta cryogenic;
• laambadihii dheecaan filler. Waxaa si weyn loo isticmaalaa in lagu advertising mahad. calaamado midab Most sameeyey by iyakana. Waxaa ag marayay ah laambadihii dheecaan korontada iftiimiyaan ah midabka cad.
• Signal nalalka on lighthouses iyo airfields. Waxaan si fiican u shaqeeyay, ayada oo culus.
• Cunsurka hawada isku dar ah la siiyo dadka qaba cadaadis sarreeya oo ka shaqeeya.

helium

Helium - gaaska monatomic waa midab iyo ur.

Codsiga:

• Like iyakana, marka dheecaan koronto siinayaa iftiin dhalaalaya.
• In warshadaha - in meesha laga saaro nijaasta ka dikhaw of steel;
• Refrigerant.
• Buuxinta ku Saiarrada iyo buufinta,
• Qayb ahaan in isku dhiska neefsiga inta lagu guda jiro beryahan qoto dheer.
• dhexdhexaad kala iibsiga Heat in tigoodu nuclear.
• Raalli ahaanshaha Home Carruurta - duulaya buufinta.

lacagta gaar ah ma aha, waayo, noolaha. At uruureen sare keeni karaan sumayn.

methane

Air - gaas isku dar ah, toddobaad dhan yahay methane. gaaska waa midab iyo ur. In uruureen sare waa qarxa. Sidaa darteed, waayo, taasoo muujinaysa waxa lagu darayaa odorants.

Inta badan loo isticmaalo sida shidaalka iyo wax cayriin ee ereygu wuxuu organic.

foornooyinkaaga guriga, kululeeyaha, kululeeyayaasha biyaha gaaska methane mabda 'ku shaqeeyaan.

sheyga Product.

krypton

Krypton - gaaska inert monatomic waa midab iyo ur.

Codsiga:

• soo saaridda ee laser;
• gano oxidizer;
• buuxinta laambadihii incandescent.

Saamaynta on shaqeeyo aadanaha la darsay yar. codsiga bartay quusidda badda qoto dheer.

hydrogen

Hydrogen - midab, gaas ololi kara.

Codsiga:

• Chemistry - saarka ee ammonia, saabuunta, bacyaal.
• Buuxinta qolofka spherical ee yaqanaan saadaasha cimilada.
• Propellants.
• Qaboojinta matoorrada korontada.

xenon

Xenon - monohydric gaaska Biyuhu.

Codsiga:

• laambadihii incandescent buuxiyeen;
• matoorada ee pride;
• sida suuxdinta.

Waayo, jidhka bini'aadamka waa dhib lahayn. lacagta Gaarka ah ma aha.