Empire Spanish: description, taariikhda iyo calanka

Empire Spanish wakhtigii ay awood ahaa mid ka mid ah dalalka ugu waaweyn, ayaa abid jiray dunida. Its abuurka waa kala sooc lahayn lala Age ee Discovery, marka waxa ay noqotay xoog ah gumeysiga. Waayo, dhowr qarniyo, calanka of Empire Spanish horumartay ka badan goobaha waaweyn, oo ku yaalla labadaba Europe iyo Asia, Africa, America iyo Oceania.

ah ee gobolka

badanaa taariikhyahanadu waxay rumaysanyihiin in Spain, sida boqortooyadiisa waxay bilaabeen inay jiraan dhamaadka qarnigii XV ah, marka ay Los Blancos-Union of Aragon la saxiixay 1479, keeno waddammada oo marka la isku daro waxay bilaabeen inay xukumaan Isabella Catholic ah aniga iyo Ferdinand II. Waxa xiiso leh in, sida xaaska, ciqaab garoomada kasta oo dhulkeeda sida ay fadlan, laakiin marka la eego siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda, markaas aragtida lamaanaha talada haya ee had iyo jeer ku beeganto.

In 1492, ciidamada Spanish qabtay Granada, iyo dhameystiran Reconquista ah - halgankii xoraynta dalka ee Kiristanka kusoo duulay Muslim. Haddaba, marka Jasiiradda gaarto waxaa ka guulaystay, dhulkeeda qayb ka mid ah boqortooyada Castile noqday. Isla sanadkaas Hristofor Kolumb dhigay off uu duulaan cilmi ugu horeeyay, taas oo madax galbeed. Waxa uu u suurtagashay in ay ku dabaashaan guud ahaan Badweynta Atlantic iyo Yurub u furan America. Waxaa uu bilaabay inuu abuuro degaanadii ugu horeysay abid ee dibada.

xoojinta dheeraad ah

dhimashada Queen Isabella ka dib markii Catholic iyo ninkeeda Ferdinand II kor uguma carshiga iyada awow Karl V Gabsburg. waa waxaan idinku leeyahay, in aanay ahayn reer Spain ah, laakiin in uu ku xukumay waxa uu la xidhiidhaa da'da dahab ah oo boqortooyadiisa ka.

Ka dib markii Charles V midoobeen labadii horyaal - King Spain iyo Emperor of Roman Empire Quduuska ah, saamaynta ay ayaa kor marar badan, sida iyadoo qabta taajkii uu dhaxlay qanjirka-Comte, Netherlands iyo Austria. komuneros kacdoonkii in Castile isaga tartan dhab ah, laakiin waxa uu niyad jabka la. Caasinimo waxaa cadaadis, iyo Charles V noqday taliyaha boqortooyadiisa ugu badan ee Yurub, kuwaas oo lahaa siman jirin ilaa iyo inta saaxadda adduunka ayaa u muuqday Napoleon Bonaparte.

Politika Karla V

Inta lagu jiro 200 sano ee boqortooyada Spain garoomada by Habsburgs ah. tartanka tani waxa laga yaabaa ahaa qanisan ka, sida runta hantiyeen kaydka weyn oo lacag ah iyo dahab, iyo sidoo kale on carshigii awoodaha ugu weyn dunida, taas oo ka mid ma aha oo kaliya Spain iyo deegaanada ay, laakiin ku dhowaad dhammaan wadamada Yurub fadhiistay.

Sida hore loo sheegay, dalka inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada Habsburgs magoolay. Oo iyana ma ay joogay oo ku jiray isxigaan arrin deeqsi ah in dhaqanka yimid. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhinaca siyaasadda waxa aan ahaa sidaas oo siman. Xitaa under Charles V boqortooyadiisa Isbaanish soo wajahay dhibaato weyn, xoogga weyn ma noqon dhab ah oo midaysan, maxaa yeelay, dad badan oo ay dalka ka mid ah noqon doono madax banaan. Marka tan la eego, King ku lahaa si ay ula dagaalamaan dagaallo badan, xataa maadooyinka uu, ay ka mid yihiin waqooyiga Yurub. Inkastoo weynaanta Empire Spain oo dhan, Charles V ahaa adag in ay iska caabin France iyo Italy. War dalalka kuwanu waxay ahaayeen muddo dheer, laakiin iyagu ma ay keentay in guusha ee labada dhinac.

Philip II Board

dhimashada Charles V Ka dib markii uu awoowe guulaysteen. Philip II, ka duwan uu awoowe, wakhtiga intiisa badan ku qaatay in uu qasriga Eskoreal. Tani Boqortooyada sidii ilmo oo helay waxbarasho heer sare ah waqtiga, ahaa mid aad u cibaadaysan buu ahaa, oo wax walba ku taageeray inay xaalkaas ah. Marka ay dulqaad la'aanta diimeed gaadhay jiro boosaska Champions: ma aha oo kaliya, laakiin sidoo kale Catholics Brotestanka silcin aan Yuhuudda ahayn ee guud ahaan Yurub.

Marka Philip II Spain gaadhay meesha ugu sarreysa. Like isaga ka horeeyay, sidoo kale wuxuu la diriray kulli cadaawayaashiisii dibadda. Tusaale ahaan, in 1571 at Lepanto uu raxan adkaaday koox dad ah ay Turkish, sidaas wadiiqadooda in horumar dheeri ah ee Europe ka xanibeen.

Anglo Spanish-dagaalkii

In 1588, soohdintii reer England ee loo yaqaan Great Armada of Philip II guuldarro burburiyo. Later, ee 1654, labadan awoodaha jira dagaal mar kale ka gudubnay badda. Xaqiiqada ah in English waa Eebaha gargaaraha Oliver Cromwell dhaadhiciyay in la gaadhay wakhtigii markii uu awoodaan in ay ballaariso joogitaanka gumeysiga ee gobolka ku xiray West uu noqon doono. Gaar ahaan, wuxuu doonayay in lagu soo qabto jasiiradda Jamaica, kaas oo waqti in mar hore lagu qabtay boqortooyada reer Spain.

Dagaalka oo la England waayo intan yar ee dalka waxaa fuliyey la darajo ah guul kala duwan, laakiin waxa ay weli u lahaa in la siiyo. In 1657-1658 sano Spain mar kale isku dayay in uu ku guuleysto Jamaica, laakiinse iyagu ma ay shaqeeyaan. Iyada oo heshiiska ka mid ah masuuliyiinta Ingiriiska ee Port Royal noqday saldhig burcad badeedda, ka halkaas oo ay ku weerareen maraakiibta Isbaanish.

Xiisadda dhaqaalaha

Waxaa xusid mudan in deegaanada ugu horeeyay ee dibada ahaayeen waxtar iyo keeneen niyad keliya. Dabcan, waxaa jira qaar ka mid ah dhibcood in ay leeyihiin saamayn togan ku saabsan ganacsiga, laakiinse iyagu ma ay ahaayeen ku filan. All si tartiib ah u bilaabay inuu beddelo marka 1520 ayaa bilaabay inuu soo saaro lacag ah oo ku saabsan beeraha dhowaan helay of Guanajuato. Laakiin isha dhabta ah ee Xoolo ahaayeen kayd bir this laga helay Zacatecas iyo Potosí ee 1546.

Inta qarnigii XVI ka, iyada oo ay boqortooyadii Spanish gumeysiga laga dhoofiyey dahab iyo lacag ee tiro isla'eg in u dhiganta hal iyo badh trillion dollars (at 1990 qiimaha). In dhamaadka, tirada birta qaaliga ah laga keeno bilaabay inuu ka badnaan-soo-saarka, kaas oo shaki keeni doontaa in sicir bararka. hoos u dhaca dhaqaalaha in bilaabay in tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay ee qarnigii XVI ka, oo waxaa sii xumeeyey bilowga ah ee soo socda. Sababtu waxa ay ahayd eryidda oo ka mid ah Moors iyo Yuhuudda, kuwaas oo wakiilo ayaa ku hawlan waqti ka xusuusan-soo-saarka iyo ganacsiga farsamada gacanta.

burburkii Empire Spain

hoos u dhac tartiib ah gobolka this weyn bilaabay dhimashada Philip II ka dib. hadha waxay ahaayeen siyaasiyiinta saboolka ah, iyo Spain si tartiib tartiib ah ayaa bilaabay in ay lumiyaan ay boos ee qaaradda ugu horeysay, ka dibna ku sugan deegaanada dibada.

By dhammaadkii qarnigii XIX ah, heerka dareenka wadaninimo iyo anti-gumeysiga gaadhay jiro boosaska, taasoo keentay in dillaaco ee Spain-American War, kaas oo Maraykanka guul. The Spanish boqortooyadiisa gumeysiga laga adkaaday oo waxay lahaayeen in ay ku wareejin dhulkooda, Cuba, Filibiin, Puerto Rico iyo Guam. By 1899, waxay ahayd dal mar dambe toona America, ama Asia. jasiiradaha ku hadhay Badweynta Pacific lagu iibiyo Germany, xafidaada territory Afrika oo keliya.

Bilowga ee qarnigii XX Spain ayaa ficil ahaan joogsadeen si ay u horumariyaan kaabayaasha ee deegaanada ay ka harsan tahay, laakiin weli wuxuu sii waday inuu ka shaqeeyaan beeraha kookaha weyn, oo waxay shaqaaleeyaan shaqaale Nigeria. In guga ee 1968 maamulka cadaadis UN iyo waddaniyiinta maxaliga ah ayaa lagu qasbay inuu caddeeyo Equatorial Guinea oo madax banaan.

oo dhaxalkaygiina

boqortooyadii reer Spain, taas oo uu leeyahay taariikh shan boqol oo sannadood, ayaa saamayn ku ma aha oo kaliya horumarinta Western Europe. Conquistadors keeneen iyaga waxaa la jiray in America, Africa iyo East xiray Roman soo galaya iyo Isbaanish. Waxay jeelyihiin in muddo dheer gumeysiga ka qayb qaatay isku dhafka ah ee dadyowga: Latin Maraykanka, Yurub iyo Hindida.

Wada jir ah ula Portugal boqortooyadii Spain noqday aasaasihii of this ganacsiga caalamiga ah, furitaanka wadooyinka cusub ganacsiga transatlantic. Waxaa iyada lacag uu noqday lacagta caalamka ugu horeysay, on taas oo ay jirto ahaa dollar ka Maraykanka. Sidaas darteed, ganacsiga ee World Old la Cusub badelay tiro badan oo xoolaha qoyska iyo noocyo kala duwan oo dhirta. Tusaale ahaan, in America waxaa loo soo dhoofiyo xoolaha, ido, iyo fardo, doofaarka, iyo dameerro, iyo sidoo kale shaciir ah, oo sarreen ah, tufaax, iyo wixii la mid ah. D. Yurub The, markeeda, ayaa markii ugu horeysay ka dhadhamiyey barandhada, yaanyada, hadhuudh, basbaaska iyo tubaakada. Natiijada is dhaafsi, kuwaas ayaa horumar weyn oo ka iman kara beeraha of America, Europe iyo Asia.

Waa in aynaan illoobin ku saabsan saamaynta dhaqan. Waa dareemi in wax kasta, muusiga, farshaxanka, naqshadaha, iyo xitaa in nuqulkii hore ee sharciyada. La Xiriirka kasta dadyowga kale duwan muddo dheer, waxa ay keentay in isku dhafka dhaqamada in ay yihiin intricately isku maran, oo ay ka heleen qaab u gaar ah oo maalmahan dareemi meelaha hore ee gumeysiga.