Endotoxin - a ... Exotoxins iyo endotoxins

In mid ka mid ah boqortooyooyinka dabiicadda ka kooban yahay noolaha hal-unuglaha, bakteeriyada go'doonsan ee waaxda. Inta badan noocyada soo saaraan kiimiko gaar ah - exotoxins iyo endotoxins. Ay kala soocidda, guryaha iyo saamaynta on jidhka bini'aadamka laga baari doonaa in this article.

Maxay yihiin sunta

Muqaadaraadka (badanaa dabeecada protein ama lipopolysaccharide), ku qarisay unugyada bakteeriyada dareeraha extracellular dhintay ka dib - waa endotoxin bakteeriyo. Haddii shaqeeyo prokaryotic live saarta walax sun galay gacanta ciidanka, in ayidhi, xeryahooda sida waxa loo yaqaan exotoxins. Waxay leeyihiin saameyn aad u ba'an on nudaha aadanaha iyo xubnaha, kuwaas oo: daawaca nidaamka enzyme ee heer gacanta, carqaladeeyo-shiid. Endotoxin - sun ah, bixinta waxyeello saamayn on unugyada nool, oo ay fiirsashada noqon karaa mid aad u yar. In ayidhi loo yaqaan ku saabsan 60 xeryahooda qoondeeyey unugyada bakteeriyada. Aynu u fiirsan si faahfaahsan.

dabeecadda Lipopolysaccharide of sunta bakteeriyada

Seynisyahanno helay endotoxin in - wax soo saarka ee cholesterol ee xuub dibadda bakteeriyada garaam-negative. Waa adag ka kooban carbohydrate ah oo adag oo la egyahay in macaamila nooc gaarka ah ee receptors cell. xiriir Tani waxay ka kooban tahay saddex qaybood: A la egyahay, antigen iyo Britain oligosaccharide ah. Waa qayb ugu horeysay, is geliyey dhiigga, taasoo keenta saameyn ugu waxyeello, raaceen by dhammaan calaamadaha lagu sumoobo daran: ifafaale dyspeptic, hyperthermia, lesions of habka dhexe ee neerfayaasha. Cudurka of endotoxin dhiigga dhacdaa sidaas si degdeg ah in jidhka uu yeesho lama filaan ah septic.

Cunsur kale oo dhisme ah waxaa iska leh endotoxin - waa oligosaccharide ah oo ka kooban heptose - C ₇ H ₁₄ O _7. Socota dhiigga, disaccharide dhexe ayaa sidoo kale waxay dhalin karaan sarkhad, laakiin fudud ka badan ay dhacdo xiriir la egyahay dhiigga A.

Raadka-gaadhista endotoxins ee jirka aadanaha

Cawaaqib xumada ugu badan ee ficil ah ee sunta bakteeriyada on unugyada waa syndrome trombogemorragichesky iyo shoog septic. Nooca ugu horeeya cudurada baxdo soo galaan walxo dhiigga - sun loo yareeyo ay xinjirowga. Tani waxay keenaysaa in dhaawaca maqaarka badan, oo ka kooban unugyo - parenchyma, sida sambabada, beerka, iyo kelyaha. Ay parenchyma dhacaan dhiig badan, iyo xaaladaha daran - dhiig. nooc kale oo cudurka in uu dhacaa iyada oo sababtu tahay tallaabo sunta bakteeriyada - waa lama filaan ah septic. Waxay keenaysaa in xadgudubyada wareegga dhiigga iyo dheecaanka, saamaynta ay yihiin xadgudubyada gaadiidka ogsijiin iyo nafaqooyin si xubnaha muhiimka ah iyo unugyada: maskaxda, sambabada, kelyaha, beerka.

Qofka soo gaaray maratay calaamadaha naf-gooyada ah sida dhibic degdeg ah ee dhiig-karka, hyperthermia oo si degdeg ah horumarinta kaafi wadnaha iyo ba'an. -qabashada caafimaad ee degdegga ah (hormone haysta iyo therapy antibiotic) cabudhibayo saamayn endotoxin oo si deg deg ah u saaraysaa jidhka ka.

exotoxins Otherness

Inta aynaan u ogaato waxyaabaha gaarka ah ee noocan ah ee sunta bakteeriyada, waxaan xusuustaa in endotoxin - taasi waa mid ka mid ah qaybaha lysate a derbiga unugyada bakteeriyada garaam-negative waa dhinteen. Exotoxins dhexsameeysmo by nool unugyada prokaryotic: labada garaam-positive iyo garaam-negative. In la eego qaab-dhismeedka kiimikada, iyagu waa borotiinada aad u yar oo leh miisaan kelli. Mid ka mid ah dhihi karaa in daliilka kiliinikada waaweyn ee ka dhaca inta lagu jiro cudurrada faafa sababay exotoxins hufan kicinta oo loo sameeyay ay sabab u tahay shiid bakteeriyada badan.

waxbarashada microbiological ayaa xaqiijiyay sare qatarta of this nooca sunta bakteeriyada, sida marka la barbar dhigo endotoxin. wakiilada ayaa sababaya oo teetano, xiiq-dheerta, gawracatada soo saaro walxaha sunta ah ee dabiiciga ah protein. Waxay muujiyaan thermolability iyo burburiyey kululaynta kala duwan ee ka 70 95 degrees Celsius loogu talagalay 12-25 daqiiqo.

noocyada exotoxins

Qoondaynta oo ah nooca sunta bakteeriyada dhisay on mabda'a ah ay saamayn ku dhismeedka gacanta. Tusaale ahaan, la kala saaro membranotoksiny, waxay carqaladeeyo xuubka unug martida loo yahay ama ku xad sida- iyo gaadiidka firfircoon ee udhigo marayay bilayer xuub. Waxaa sidoo kale jira cytotoxins. Waxaa sunta simaha on unugyada hyaloplasm iyo rabshin falcelinta milmaan iyo dissimilation ka dhacaya dheef gacanta. xeryahooda kale - sunta "shaqada" sida ensaymes, tus, hyaluronidase (sanndood). Waxay jebin nidaamka difaaca jirka ee qofka, in wax aan nooleyn ee wax soo saarka ee limfosaytis, monocytes iyo macrophages qanjidhada ah. Tan iyo protease ku baabbi'in unugyada difaaca, iyo Lecithinase Cuskada soyalecitin, qayb ka mid ah macdantaa dareemaha. Tani waxay keenaysaa in carqalad ah bioimpulsov, iyo sida natiijo ah, in hoos u dhac in innervation ee xubnaha iyo unugyada.

Cytotoxins u dhaqmi karaan sida saabuunta, sidaas waxaa jira burburka daacadnimada xuub lakabka la egyahay ee gacanta ciidanka ku. nudaha ku keeni formation of amines biogenic, kuwaas oo ah wax soo saarka ee reactions dheefshiidka iyo soo bandhigista guryaha sun - Waxaa intaa dheer, waxay awoodi karaan inay dumin, sida unugyada shaqsi ee jidhka iyo jaalayaashooda yihiin.

hab ay of tallaabo sunta bakteeriyada

waxbarashada microbiological ku adkeeyey endotoxin in - dhisme adag oo ka kooban laba xarunta kelli. Asal walax sun qabsadey receptor a cell gaar ah, iyo xuubka qaybsama labaad waxaa si toos ah galaa hyaloplasm unugyada. Waxaa blocks sun falcelinta dheefshiidka: biosynthesis protein ka dhacaya ribosomes ah, Avv ATP oo waxaa lagu fuliyaa by mitochondria, taranka ee acids nucleic. qatarta sare ee peptides bakteeriyada, eegaysana ee qaab-dhismeedka kiimikada ah ee u taagoo ay, ay sabab u tahay xaqiiqada ah in qaar ka mid ah loci sun ah qaatay, qaab-dhismeedka aan ollogga ah ee walxaha ku jira gacanta, sida neurotransmitters, hormoonada iyo ensaymes. Tani waxay u ogolaaneysaa sun ah "inay horjoogsadaan nidaamka difaaca gacanta" iyo si degdeg ah dhex gasho galay ay cytoplasm. Sidaas darteed, unugyada la hubka ka hor inta cudurka bakteeriyada, tan iyo awoodda si ay u sameeyaan u lumiya walxaha gaar ah difaaca: interferon, gamma-globulin, antibodies. Waa in la ogaadaa in sifooyinka endotoxins iyo exotoxins la mid ah in labada nooc ee sunta bakteeriyada dhaqmaan on unugyada gaar ah ee jirka ku jira, in uu yahay, waxay leeyihiin cayimayo sare.