Ereyga "Drang nach Osten" macno ahaan waxaa loola jeedaa "Drang nach Osten". "Drang nach Osten": qiimaha, isticmaalka iyo muujinta taariikhda

"Drang nach Osten" - muddo in loo adeegsan jiray qarnigii 19aad in ay tixraac siyaasadda ballaarisga Jarmal for ballaarinta "meel nool" halganka la quruumaha kale, gaar ahaan Slavs ah. Ra'yiga waxa loo adeegsaday ee Kaiser ee Germany iyo wareegyada nationalist si ay u taageeraan siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee dalka. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, muddada ku istiwooday in taariikhyahanadu qoyska.

Taariikhda dhacdo

Fikradda ah "Drang nach Osten" marka hore u muuqday in taariikhda Jarmalka marka dib loogu noqdo ee qarniyadii dhexe hore ee 8-13 qarniyo, marka Jarmalka bilaabay ay weerar dhulka ah ee Slavs bari. Ayay dooneen inay soo galaan ah ee qaybta koonfureed ee xeebta bari, halkaas oo waxaa jiray dagaal culus oo iyaga iyo Lithuanians ah, Latvians iyo Istooniyaan u dhexeeya, iyo sidoo kale dadka Finno-Ugric. In la eego afka baarkiisa, fikradda waxa uu helay ay design final qarnigii 12aad, inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada Frederick Barbarossa. boqor Tani waxay eryadeen siyaasad firfircoon bari, abaabulka safarada North East. Inta lagu guda jiro boqornimadiisa, uu Germanized dadyow badan, oo ay ku jiraan Slavs iyo Balts. Waa in la ogaadaa in siyaasad la mid ah waxaa la hirgeliyey gobollada dhexe Yurub, gaar ahaan dhinaca Austria. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in jihada this habka Germanizing ma guulaysan.

marxaladaha

Taasoo la micno ah ee "Drang nach Osten" waxay leedahay taariikh fac in dib wakhtiga ugu dhaqdhaqaaqa dadyowga Bariga Yurub. Taariikhyahanadu sharci darro ah qaar ka mid ah qoondeeyo socdaalka iyo hirarka weerar. The ugu horeysay oo ka mid ah la xiriiraa qarnigii 9aad, marka East-Frankish amiirradii dhulgoosadka abaabulay ballaarinta ee Czech iyo beero Croatia. Muddada soo socota - muddada Dhexe baaluq ah qarniyadii (qarnigii 10-11 th), marka taliyayaashii Roman Empire Quduuska ah ayaa horay on Baltiga iyo aagga Polish. Heerka saddexaad - weerarka tiro sayidyada iyo amiirradii dhulgoosadka on qabiilooyinka Slavic. Markan, waxa laga yaabaa inay ahayd ugu il qabad leh ee taariikhda conquests ee Jarmalka. Waxay ahayd waqti this Order Teutonic iyo Livonian iyo Order of Seef waxay doonayeen inay ballaariso amar ay meesha vostochnopribaltiyskuyu. Isla mar ahaantaana ku jiray ma aha oo kaliya Knights firfircoon Jarmal, laakiin sidoo kale kula baayacmushtari jireen Jarmal, kuwaas oo jihada this gaaray qaar ka mid ah guul, sarraysa ganacsatada Ruush ee Latvia.

Dabayaaqadii qarniyadii dhexe iyo jeer casriga ah

Drang nach osten codsatay in ballaarinta Jarmalka ee dalalkan Bariga Slavic ee 16-18 qarniyo. Inta lagu jiro wakhtigan u qabanqaabiyey gobolka cusub ee Europe - Boqortooyada Habsburg ah, oo heysatay, Czech Republic Saxon, Hungarian iyo dalalka kale. Intaa waxaa dheer, Golaha Brandenburg lifaaqan laftiisa in qayb ka mid ah dhulalka reer Poland ka dib markii Risaalo of Poland. Si kastaba ha ahaatee ballaarinta this waxaa si teelteel ah hoos u dhac ayaa ay sabab u tahay iska caabin quruumaha Slavic. Waxaa ka mid ah dagaallada ugu caansan - Battle of Ice iyo Battle of Grunwald. Waxay muujinaysaa xaqiiqada ah in kooxda Jarmalka ay eraygan u adeegsadeen inuu xaq yahay baahida loo qabo midnimada ee dalalka Jarmalka hoos imaanaya hoggaanka Prussia.

In qeybtii labaad ee qarnigii Drang nach Osten 19aad - nooc ka mid ah cilmiga fikradeed, taas oo ka mid ahaa halgan guud oo midnimada gobolka inta lagu guda jiro weerar ku dalalkan Slavic. Marka hore waxay ahayd su'aal ah ballaarinta dhaqaalaha iyo sidii loo xoojin lahaa saamayn Jarmal dalalka ee boqortooyada. aragtiyaha noocan oo kale ah ayaa lala xiriiriyay in xaqiiqda ah in boqortooyadii caalamiga xoojiyey dhaqdhaqaaqa xoreynta, iyo sida cadaanyo kacay fikirka ah Pan. fikrad cusub waxa lagu taageeray maamulka iyo si firfircoon loo isticmaalaa by Dowladda Kaiser ee Warega of qarniyo in la sababeeyo dheeraad ah ee halganka for goobo saamayneed.

faafidda

Ereyga "Drang nach Osten" waxaa laga codsadaa in saxaafadda ka bartamihii qarnigii 19aad. In dalka, waxaa si weyn loo isticmaalay tan iyo markii 1865, taas oo ay sabab u ahayd sii daraysa ee xiriirka ka dhaxeeya dowladda Ruush iyo Jarmalka bari. Later fikirkan lagu wareejiyay saxaafadda iyo qoraallada kale (ee Poland, Czech Republic, France). Isla mar ahaantaana, muujinta ayaa la isticmaalay by saynisyahano iyo taariikhyahanadu.

sano oo dagaal ah

Erayga "Drang nach Osten" helay midabka cusub iyo muhiimadda in la xidhiidha cudurka dillaacay of dagaalkii labaad ee dunida. Currently, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay inta badan la isticmaalo, marka laga hadlayo ku saabsan dagaalkii ka Great Patriotic. Tan waxa u sabab xaqiiqada ah in Hitler uu "Mein Kampf," dooday baahida loo qabo Jarmalka si loo ballaariyo meel nool kharash ku ah dalalkii Slavic. Waxa uu ku qoray oo ku saabsan xaqiiqada ah in ay dawladdu wuxuu xaq u leeyahay in la qaato dhul kale, maxaa yeelay, dalka oo la kulmay koritaanka dadka aad u sarreeya in loo baahan yahay in ay ku quudiyaan. Isla mar ahaantaana ugu baaqay in ay ka tanaasulaan siyaasadda ee ballaarinta xiriirka ganacsiga iyo diiradda on guuleystay saldanad Jarmalka ee qaaradda. Sidaa darteed, taariikhyahanadu maxalliga ah, iyo sidoo kale tiro ka mid ah cilmi-ka bariga Yurub xilli adeegsadaa in lagu tilmaamo siyaasadaha mintid ah naasiga ah.

codsiga casri ah

Taariikhda Bariga Yurub ayaa heshay Outcomes Jarmal ciribtir. Bariga (Drang nach Osten in version Jarmal) uu noqday jihada ugu weyn ee ballaarinta, oo waxaa la socday dhiig-miirashada dhaqaale iyo dagaallo badan oo labada. Laakiin maalmahan, muddada ayaa laga badiyay macnaheeda, gaar ahaan la xidhiidha xaaladda sii xumeeyay ee dalalka Slavic. Iyo cilmiga siyaasadda casriga isticmaalaan ereyga ma aha oo kaliya in ay dadka Slavic, laakiin sidoo kale in ay jihada bari oo dhan. khubaro badan ayaa waxaa asal ereyga "American Drang nach Osten", marka ay timaado US maanta siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda. Qorayaashu waxay la soco ballan-qaadka Dowladda ee ay ka qeyb galeen munaasabadihii ee Ukraine, Suuriya iyo dalalka kale. Marka tan la eego, ereyga wuxuu leeyahay macnaha cusub oo aan had iyo jeer u arkayeen in ay ballaarinta Jarmal dalalka Slavic. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, hadalkii dambe khusaysaa cilmiga siyaasadda.

The sayniska iyo siyaasadda

In taariikheeya iyo sayniska taariikhiga ah weli waa erey lagu isticmaalay macnaha hadalka caadiga ah. Dhibaatooyinkaas soo afjaro ka xaqiiqda ah in jihada bari ayaa had iyo jeer ahaa mid ka mid ah tilmaamaha ugu weyn ee siyaasadda oo ka mid ah dalalka Yurub. xaaladda uu sii socdo ilaa maantadan la joogo, oo inkastoo ay soo wacay nabadda iyo isku dayo in la xaliyo ah is burinaya u ururay marayo hab dublomaasiyadeed, xaaladda ayaa weli ah mid aad u ba'an ee gobolka this. Dalalka dhibaato bariga had iyo jeer ku hadhay gaar ahaan ku haboon, waana sababta maalmahan loo arkaa in fikradda ah oo ay ku jiraan aagga this. xaaladda geopolitical hadda waa sida in ereyga "Drang nach Osten" mar uu bilaabo inuu si firfircoon loo isticmaalaa ereyada siyaasadeed.