Franz Josef Land. Franz Josef Land - Island. Franz Josef Land - tours

Franz Josef, kuna waari dhexdeeda jasiiradda (wadar ahaan 192) waxay leeyihiin meel lagu total of 16.134 mitir oo laba jibbaaran. km, waxa uu ku yaalaa Badweynta Arctic ah. Qaybta ugu muhiimsan ee dhulka ka mid ah Arctic ee degmada Primorsky ee gobolka Arkhangelsk ah. Juqraafi ahaan, waxaa u qaybsan yahay 3 qaybood oo waaweyn: bariga, bartamaha iyo galbeedka. marka hore waxaa ka mid ah jasiiradaha Wilczek Land (2 M. sq. Km) iyo Gream Bell (1.7 sq. M. Km). Waxay ka go'day inta kale ee Strait Austria ah. The ugu weyn tirada koox ka mid ah jasiiradaha ku yaalla qaybta dhexe. Waxay maydho Channel British iyo Strait of Austria. Dhismaha gobolka galbeedka waxaa ka mid ah jasiiradda ugu weyn ee isbahaysiga - George aagga Land of 2.9 kun oo sq M.. km. Franz Joseph qaybta ugu leeyahay Caraabaah, dusha banka oo kale ah. Its height celcelis ahaan waa 400-490 m iyo meesha ugu sarreysa - 620 mitir.

ogaanshaha

Jiritaanka koox ka mid ah jasiiradaha bari ee Spitsbergen saadaaliyay mid ma saynisyahan weyn Ruush, marka hore Lomonosov, oo gadaashiisana waxaa Schilling iyo Kropotkin. dambe ee 1871, si ay u soo bandhigay duulaan Ruushka dhuleed Society in qorshaha waxbarasho, laakiin ay dawladdu diidday in loo qoondeeyo lacag. jasiiradaha ee Franz Josef Land la helay oo keliya by shil. Tani waxay dhacday markay duulaan ku Austro-Hungarian ka yar amarka Yu Salaadu iyo Karl Weyprecht galay 1872 si ay u horumariyaan Gudbinta Waqooyi Bari. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ay markabka waxaa xayirmay barafka, iyo si tartiib tartiib ah u Celiyaan Xagga galbeed ee dhulka Cusub. In 1873, August 30, schooner ah "Admiral Tegetgoff" xidheen xeebaha dalka aan la garanayn. Isla mar ahaantaana, Salaadu iyo Weyprecht la waraystay duleedka ay waqooyiga iyo koonfurta. Ka hor this, halkaas oo waa Josef Franz ku Land, waxaa loo ma yaqaan qof. Bishii Abriil 1874tii Salaadu u suurtagashay in ay gaaraan dhibic la wadataa 82 ° 5 'loolka woqooyi. Waxaa sidoo kale laga helay jasiiradaha nidaamka hordhaca ah. Waqtigaas, cilmi u maleeyay in ay ka kooban yihiin tiro ka mid ah goobaha waaweyn. dalka Open la siiyo magaca noqday caan Franz Joseph I, Emperor ee Austria.

milmaan

In 1873 Salaadu iyo Weyprecht la baadhay ayaa qayb koonfureed ee dhulka, iyo guga ee 1874tii ay u soo gudbay oo dhan tan iyo koonfur iyo ilaa xagga woqooyi ku golfida gaari baraf. Markaasaa waxaa jiray markii ugu horeysay matalaad ah schematic ee Franz Josef Land. Map, sida ay u soo baxay ka dib, in badan oo ka mid ah khaladaadka. In 1881-1882 GG. meesha furan raaxada ah "Eira" booqday Scot B. L. Smit. Oo sannadaha 1895-1897. geographer Ingiriisi Frederick Jackson, waxaa jiray sahan badan oo muhiim ah oo ka mid ah Koonfurta Galbeed, bartamaha iyo koonfurta ee isbahaysiga. Later waxaa soo baxay in kooxda uu ka kooban yahay dad badan oo gasiirado badan la filayay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay ahaayeen kuwo ka yar weyn ee size marka la barbar dhigo calaamad ku Salaadu map-ka.

Ku dhawaad isla muddadaas, qayb ka mid ah waqooyi-bari iyo dhexe ee jasiiradaha booqday Nansen iyo Johansen. In June 1896 Nansen Norway filaan ah helay on saabsan. Northbrook jiilaalka Frederika Dzheksona. In xagaagii 1901 ee xeebta koonfur-galbeed iyo koonfureed ee jasiiradda, ayuu soo booqday oo la sameeyay ay baaritaan of-xigeenka Admiral S. O. Makarov. Inta lagu guda jiro size saxda ah ee dhulka oo dhan waxaa la aasaasay. Markaas, ee 1901-1902 GG. shuqullada cilmi sii waday in ay cilmibaadhe oo Maraykan ah Baldwin iyo Ziegler. iyaga ka soo raacay 1903 in 1905. iyada oo ujeedadu tahay in ay gaaraan Poland duulaan cusub abaabulay on barafka. Waxaa uu hogaaminayo Ziegler iyo Vial. In muddo ah ka soo 1913kii si 1914-th ee Silent Bay ee jasiiradda Hooker hogaaminayo koox shaqo ee geographers Sedova G. Ya.. In xagaagii 1914 xubnaha nool ee la soo dhaafay of duulaan ku Brusilov - Albanov iyo Conrad - ay awoodaan in ay ku socdaan in ay salka jir ah oo ka mid ah-Jackson Harmsworth. Waxaa ku yaal Cape Flora on. Northbrook. geographers Waxaa la badbaadiyay-sare schooner "St. aragtida".

Helitaanka in Russia iyo horumarinta dheeraad ah

In 1914, in search of duulaan G. Sedova Group Ya. Booqday jasiiradda bilowgii Islyamova. Waxa uu sidoo kale sheegay in meesha ay qayb ka mid ah dhulka of Russia iyo kiciyey calanka. In 1929, in Silent Bay ku saabsan. Hooker saynisyahano Soviet saldhiga cilmi ugu horeysay laga furay. Thanks iyada, Franz Josef Land ayaa tan iyo markii uu noqday sanadlaha ah aqbali sahamo kala horjeeda Soviet. In 50-mada. qarnigii labaatanaad ayaa habayn kooxihii ciidamada radar difaaca. Mid ka mid ah iyaga ka mid ah soo qaaday Josef Franz ah Land. saldhig milatariga ahayd ee ku saabsan. Gream Bell. Halkan dhigay radar gaar ah 30-kii iyo aviakomendatura shirkadda gaarka loo leeyahay. Last Airporka baraf adeegi. Laakiin tani ma aha oo dhan hanti istiraatiiji ah ee asturidda Franz Josef Land. Alexandra Island qaaday shirkadda 31-th radar gaar ah "Nugarskaya". Cutubyada waxaa iska lahaa ciidan ugu northerly Midowga Soofiyeeti. In hore 90-mada. ay reebtay. Sannadkii 2008, in koorsada ee cilmi baaris ku qalada bi'iyo nuclear loo yaqaan "Yamal" waxaa laga helay soocay oo ku saabsan. Northbrook qayb ka mid ah dalka. In sharaf of sirkaalkii Arctic ah waxaa la magacaabay ka dib markii Yuri Kuchiev. September 10, 2012 duulaan AARI on qalada bi'iyo nuclear "Russia" waxaa la furay qayb kale cidina of a. Northbrook.

dadka

At Franz Josef Land iyo degmooyinka jirin deganaansho joogta ah. Qaab dhismeedka Ku Meel Gaarka ah ee dadka ka mid ah ilaalada xuduudka FSB, shaqaalaha xarumaha cilmi-baarista. Marmar, waxaa sidoo kale waa qayb ka mid live ah oo ay ciidamada difaaca hawada. Waxay fuliyaan difaaca gantaalaha ee meelaha waqooyiga Ruush. Sida ay sheegayaan wararka riix, 2005 in dhulka ee jasiiradda Hayes furay xafiiska boostada ugu xad-dhaaf ah "Arkhangelsk 163 100". xiligeedu ka shaqeeya waa in ay ahaataa sidii ay ahayd 1 saac, ka 10 ilaa 11 saacadood Tuesday ilaa Jimcaha. Sida of September 2013, hoos astaanta 163100 ku qoran xafiiska boostada "Mikaa'iil" (ee Hayes., Franz Josef Land). jadwalka shaqada uu - laga bilaabo 10 ilaa 11 saacadood Wednesday kasta.

glaciers

Waxay inta badan dusha sare ee jasiiradaha (87%) daboolay. Power kala duwan tahay 100 ilaa 500 m. From degaya u icebergs baraf badda sameeyay danbe. Ilaa xad weyn u nugul midda bari iyo koonfur-bari ee dhulka oo dhan. qaababka New muuqdaan oo kaliya at dushooda sheets barafka. Xaaladdan oo kale, sida ay natiijada waxbarashada dabooli Franz Josef Land waa yaraanaya si dhakhso ah. Haddii heerka lagu arkay oo ay burburinta isku sii joogi doonaa, meelaha sitoos 300 sano ka baaba'aan yaabaa weligiis.

Franz Josef Land. Hot, qabow?

In caadiga faafinta Islands group jawi cidhifka woqooyi. The heerkulka sanadlaha celcelis ahaan ku saabsan yahay in. Rudolf gaadho -12 ° C. In July, ee Deggan Bay Islands hawada Hooker kulaalaa ilaa -1,2 ° C, iyo jasiiradda of Hayes, halkaas oo Observatory ah. Krenkel (saldhigga hawada waqooyi ee adduunka), - in + 1,6 ° C. Celceliska heerkulka in January of saabsan -24 ° C, iyo ugu hooseeya kor gaadhaa ilaa -52 ° C. gusts ugu sarreysa oo dabayl ah - 40 m / sec. dhibciyo ka celcelis ahaan 250 550 mm sanad walba raasamaal The zone roobab of sheets baraf.

The dhirta iyo ugaarta ee Arctic ah

cover Dhirta waxaa laga heleyaa Muuse jasiiradaha iyo lichens. Waxa kale oo jira ku grits, safsaf kala horjeeda, saxifrage iyo calaamada cidhifka woqooyi. Ka mid ah nuujiya waxaad ka arki kartaa orso oo kala horjeeda. In ka yar tahay si aad u hesho dawaco cad. The xeebaha la deggan by maroodi badeed ah, seal iyo kataaradda, Beluga, narwhal, seal ringed iyo shaabaddii la laalo. Doonee matalayo ee dubato Shimbiraha jasiiradaha - waxaa jira kaliya 26 nooc oo baalal leh. iyaga, scrapers, kittiwake madow lug, guillemot, Cam ayaa auks yar cad ka mid ah, Duqa et al. Xilliga xagaaga, waxay u sameeyaan a deegaanada shimbir.

tours hanuuniyey Cidhifka Waqooyi

Imisa dalxiisayaal in jasiiradaha ee Franz Josef Land? Tours ee Arctic ah laga iibsan karaa kharashka ka mid ah 875 076 rubles. ($ 24,995). Haa, aad u qaali ah! Ogolaanshaha waxaa ku jiri kara safarka kooxda duulaan ee reserve "Franz Josef Land". Waxaa sugan, tani waa mid ka mid ah fursadaha ugu badan oo aan caadi ahayn iyo raaxo fasaxa. Barnaamijka dalxiiska waxay bixisaa si ay u gaaraan "top dunida" - 90 darajo. w. on board qalada bi'iyo ee caalamka ugu awoodda badan ku shaqeeya nuclear-"50 Years of Victory". Conquest samada baraf of Arctic dhamaado la dubo a on cover barafka, madadaalo, "Qiyaastii Aduunka" qoob wareega iyo dabaalan badweynta Arctic ah. On jidka dib, Socdaalba waxaa lagu siin doonaa tours helicopter ah oo ku saabsan jasiiradaha Seychelles, Panorama ee aan caadi aheyn oo ay daruuri tahay quruxdiisa ku guuleysan doono. The 540 miles in North Pole waa hoygii of tiro badan oo shaabadood, shimbiraha cidhifka woqooyi, walruses oo orso oo kala horjeeda. Marka la qorsheynayo safar sida dalxiis waa in ay tixgeliyaan xaqiiqada ah in safarka meel fog ah, wax yar-yaqaan iyo qayb ka fog oo dunida dacaladeeda. Sidaas darteed, Jidka barnaamijka oo keliya waxaa laga arki karaa sida, qorshe guud oo duulaan shidaal, maxaa yeelay, sarkhaansan yihiin arrimo dibadeed sida xaaladaha baraf, cimilada iyo kuwa kale. Waxa uu ka bedeli kartaa. Sida dhaqanka toban sano ka muuqata, mid ka mid ahaa safar duulaan uusan ku celi si sax ah oo hore ay u Arctic ah. dabiiciga ah ee North Pole ay ka dhigaysa hagaajin u gaar ah. Kanu waa peculiarity iyo koobnaanta ee doonyaha duulaan.

Total qorshaha safarka

maalintii 1

Imaanshaha ee Murmansk, caga on bi'iyo. At deked yar ee la eegaayo in markii koox ka mid ah dadka safarka ah fuulaysid doonaa, waxa ay u taagan tahay qalada bi'iyo nuclear ee caalamka ugu awooda badan oo la lyric xaq "50 Years of Victory". Muddo ka dib markab uu ka tagi doono waynaha iyo ka hor tag aragnimo cusub, Waxaa ag marayay Kola Baay.

maalintii 2

In Sea Barents ah. qayb muhiim ah oo duulaan kasta - diyaarinta rakaabka u muuqaalada safar aan caadi ahayn. Xubnaha kooxda ururka barasho doonaa dalxiisayaal sharciyada ammaanka sabuuradda weel oo helicopter, iyo sidoo kale kuu sheegi ku saabsan oo dhan Gudigga la xiriira hirgelinta dhulka ee Arctic ah.

maalin 3-5

Dabcan A si toos ah u Arctic ah. Saddex follow-ka buuxsamay maalintii on markabka, rakaabkii la xeel doonaa xaqiiqooyinka taariikheed oo xiiso leh iyo dabeecadda cajiibka ah ee gobolka this.

maalintii 6

Imaanshaha Cidhifka Waqooyi. On jidka loo maro kabtan caga aad u yarayso waddo sax ah ku guuldareystaan qalada bi'iyo u wadataa u tari - 90 ° loolka woqooyi. Ka dib markii joojinta vacationers markabka dagta on floe a baraf ku haboon iyo dhaqanka u noqday xaflad dhaqameed "wareega March dunida." Tan waxa la dhaqan kale oo xiiso leh - bixin doonaa safarka ah si ay u qoraan qoraal, kuwaas oo markaas lagu meeleeyay kaabsal bir ah iyo dhumbadaan moolkeeda Ocean Arctic ah.

maalin 7-9

Destination - Franz Josef Land. In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in ujeedada ugu weyn ee duulaan waxaa hore loo sameeyey, safarka ah weli ka filan doonaa wax badan oo ka mid ah dhacdooyinka oo xiiso leh iyo xiiso leh. The dhismayaasha si fiican u sii raagayaan ogolaan si ay ula socdaan dhacdooyinka taariikhiga ah ee ugu muhiimsan ee ka dhacay jasiiradaha, sanado badan ka hor. iyaga ka mid ah waxaa xusid mudan guriga. Bell, dhisay 1881, xubno ka mid ah duulaan Lee Smith, oo arkaynin Guryohoodii mooyee xerada jir ah oo ku saabsan. Northbrook. Waxay ahayd halkaas in 1896 waxaa uu ahaa kulan muhiim ah Nansen iyo Jackson. Sidoo kale qiimihiisu booqanaya waa Cape of Norway, halkaas oo dad badan 7 bilood uu hogaaminayo cilmi iskaashi F. Nansen iyo Johansen, inuu maamuuso, xusuusta reer cilmiga G. Sedova, kuwaas oo image noqday noocooda ah ee qof ugu weyn ayadoo ay abuureyso ka novel "labadii sirkaal" Kaverina Ya.. bannaanayd sanayd ee Arctic iyo asalnimada ee muuqaal siinayaa guests ay Josef Franz ah Land. Photos qaaday aagga this, wariyaasha ku yaab leh ay la aqonsado iyo qurux. Glaciers eg craters dayaxa, weheliso Gogol multi-midab of Muuse iyo poppies midabyo abuuro cajiib ah, jawi Maamulka Kililka ee wada noolaanshaha. qayb ka mid khasab ah muuqaalkii Arctic sidoo kale jira kumanaan rookeries iyo rookeries maroodi badeed, buuxinta kaabiga xeebta ah jasiiradaha Franz Josef Land. Photo on laabta nooca horjeeda ogolaanaya in lagu soo qabto xilligan gaar ah ee nolosha iyo ku kaydi xasuusta sanadaha soo socda.

maalinta 10-11

In Sea Barents ah. Waa wakhti ay ku noqdaan magaaladii Murmansk. On jidka dib, sirkaalkii ugu yeedhi doonaa safarka ah si ay casho ee gurigiisa. Waxaa, rakaabka awoodaan in ay nastaan in shirkadda of xiiso iyo madadaalo in ay dhegeystaan sheekooyinka dhabta ah ee ku saabsan adeegga on qalada bi'iyo ka ah isha ugu noqon doontaa.

Waxa ku jira qiimaha guud ee safarka

• Socda saarnaa qalada bi'iyo ah "50 Years of Victory".
• tours group qorsheeyey. Tan waxaa ku jira oo dhan safarada xeebta, booqashada meelo ka mid ah muhiimadda taariikhiga ah iyo dhacdooyinka kale ee helicopters.
• Dalxiisyada on zodiacs (by go'aanka hoggaamiyaha duulaan ay sabab u tahay xaaladaha cimilada sii xumaanaysa waxa looga tanaasuli kara).
• Barnaamijka muxaadarooyin diyaariyeen naturalists si fiican u yaqaan iyo khubarada ee gobolka.
• Afar cuntada (oo ay ku jiraan dubo cusub gelinka dambe); qaxwada iyo iftiinka fudud maalinta oo idil, biyaha la cabo.
• kabaha caag kirada mudada safar ah.
• qalabka Macluumaadka dib u eegis iyo duulaan qorka la photos on DVD.
• Boostada iyo kharashka farsamo.
• jaakada Gaarka ah ee duulaan.
• caymiska caafimaadka shilalka on board.