Fronda - taxane ah oo rabshado ka dhan ah xukuumadda ee France ee 1648-1652 GG.

Waa maxay Fronde ah? Qeexitaanka ereyga this inkasta oo uu leeyahay xaq ah si adag taariikhiga ah - waxa loo yaqaan tirada horjeeda dowladda France bartamihii qarnigii XVII - habase yeeshee waa qof ah kajan ah oo u dhawyihiin. Dhacdooyinka ayaa muujiyey in dhammaan ay watteen kuwa dhacdooyinka qadiimiga ahaayeen labawejiilayaasha ahu, af ahaan ku dooday in loogu talagalay daryeelka dalka iyo dadka, iyo in xaqiiqda, eryan danahooda, hadayana jirin u gaar ah oo keliya.

dalxiiska Little in cilmi afaf

wax yar raagayn erayga "Fronde". Tani waa wax la mid ah ku dhawaaqid Ruush-ku hadla Faransiis - Fronde, taas oo macnaheedu yahay "wadhaf". Marka sidaas u bixiyey ciyaarta carruurta caanka ah ee, Oo dhaca ah waxey madhan iyo dheel. Waayo, sababaha kor ku xusan, waxaa caadi ahaan loo isticmaalaa si loo gudbiyo dadka in erayada, oo muujinaya carada maamulka, laakiin ma go'aansan kartaa on talaabo kasta oo la taaban karo.

dhexe France ee qarnigii XVII

Event, oo dar dar geliyay in ay soo bixitaanka of dheer waxay bilaabeen inay in la horumariyo France tan iyo labaataneeyada qarnigii XVII ah. Waqtigaa inta badan dadka, taas oo ka koobnayd yaroow, waxaa dhab u baabba'nay by dagaallo, kumaakun oo boob on qayb ka mid ah oo ciidankiisa, iyo tiro ka mid ah guutooyinkiisii cadowga. Tani waxay keentay in xiisado bulshada in gubta in fallaago ku furan.

Sida laga soo xigtay xeerkii aasaasay Fronde - kalmad loo isticmaalo si loogu yeero bandhigyo ugu sareeya aristocracy Faransiis, isku dayeen in ay u isticmaasho carada caan ah oo ujeedooyin iyaga u gaar ah. Waqtigaas, waayo yar Louis Board State XIV fuliya hooyadiis - Queen Regent Anna Avstriyskaya iyo Wasiirka kowaad, Cardinal Mazarin. Ay siyaasad sababay carada ma aha oo kaliya ku walacay, laakiin sidoo kale aqoonyahanada maxkamadda. Natiijada waxa ay aheyd mucaaradka, madax Baarlamaanka.

falalka go'doon ah ku walacay

xubnaha mucaaradka ah ee lakabyada sare ee xujo waxaa ka hormarey bannaanbaxyo caan ah. Inkasta oo fallaago ah oo inta badan dareen la'aan iyo bilaa naxariis, wax dhib ah maleh haddii uu baxo ee steppe Orenburg ah, ama ka yar daaqadaha Versailles, kiiskan, boqoradda iyo jiifoo wuxuu ahaa nasiib - waxaa la koobnayn oo keliya dhismaha bowd, oo aan dhiig ku daatay. Laakiin cabsida Anna Avstriyskaya silco oo ka tanaasulay in mucaaradka iyo Baarlamaanka.

dhacdooyinka jeedo New yeesheen, marka, in 1648 oo dhinaca of Queen ka helay laaluushay hadiyado deeqsi ah Prince of Conde - geesi la aqoonsan yahay oo kaliya dhamaaday Years War ka soddon. Tani dalxiisto quus iyo askari calooshiis hareereeyeen ciidamada uu Paris, ka badan ka dillaacay cusub ee carada ka mid ah dadweynaha, kuwaas oo, ee isbahaysiga la koox ka mid ah dabaqadda sare mar kale usoo baxay waddooyinka.

Maxkamadda ayaa sii waday halgankii iyo jahwareer

Fronda - waa kaliya wax baa la sameeyey iyada oo sababtu tahay sida misalliance weyn - Midowga dadka saboolka ah iyo kuwa hodanka ah jaded. Haddii ugu horeysay ee dhigyo dawladda ka soo horjeeda ay ahaayeen arrin daacad ah, tan dambe ayaa isku dayay in uu soo saaro oo kaliya faa'iido shakhsi ka dhacaya. Tan waxaa si fiican u fahamsan yahay by fikrada ugu weyn ee xasillooni ah - xubnaha baarlamaanka. Ma ku tiirsan gargaarka ee aristocracy ah, waxay ku degdegay inuu soo gabagabeeyo heshiis nabadeed la Boqorad, iyo in ay waxa ay si ku meel gaar dantay.

Laakiin nabad waarta dalka ma aysan dhicin. Xasillooni ay ku xadgudbeen oo dhan isla Prince of Conde. Sida ka leexatay, wuxuu la wada baabbi'iyey xaasidnimo weyne ee Mazarin iyo rabitaanka in ay ku soo rogaan Queen Regent farxiya ansaxinta isaga si shaqsi ahaan go'aanada siyaasadeed. Maaddaama aaney awood u leh inay keeni mu'aamaraad ganaax courtly, ayuu ficillo qallafsan go'day yard iyo ugu danbeyn soo gabagabeysay ilaa xabsi ku.

Taliyaha cassock a

Iyada oo qori caan ahaa qolladdiisii oo Vinsenskogo qalcaddii fadhiistay, dalka ka qarxay caasinimo cusub, waqti this by walaashiis abaabulay la ugaas ee La Rochefoucauld iyo koox ka mid ah dabaqadda sare, nebcaaday Cardinal ah. Khatarta ugu weyn ee maxkamadda ayaa ahaa in Princess of Conde iyo saaxiibadeed, iska indha-tiray danaha qaranka, sida keenay Sokeeyaha reer Spain ee - colka dhaqanka ee France. Aan waxba la xaqiijiyey aragtida ah in Fronde ah - ugu horayn waa halgan ah dano gaar ah.

Cardinal lahaa inuu ka tago mudada Tacsida adeegga ee Cathedral ee Notre Dame oo tag madaxa ciidanka hoosaysiiyo meelaha caasi ah. Waxa uu guul la kulmay, iyo ugu dhakhsaha badan ee mucaaradka hubka iska dhigay. dheer uu iska caabiyay Ciidamada dowladda Bordeaux, lakiin daafacyada ay isku dhiibay bishii July 1650. Waa in la ogaadaa in Mazarin, inkastoo xaqiiqda ah in uu ahaa qof ku darajo wayn ruuxi sare, ogaa arrimaha ciidamada. Qaboojin mucaaradka, uu si dhakhso ah oo si sax ah u joojiyay weerarka ayaa horay si ay gargaar Spain.

Freedom iyo khiyaanay of de Prince ka Conde

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ka dib guuldaradii of mucaaradka Fronde ee France ma siin - aad u badan joogay cadaawayaashiinna Mazarin ee Paris laftiisa. Nebcaadeen isagii, iyo guuxa galay xoogga aristocracy ee shirqoolay saxariiriyo markii qaar ka mid ah, baarlamaanka oo la sameeyay isbahaysi in Dalbadeen ka awood of Queen iyo Mazarin sii daayo xabsiga de Prince ka Conde ka. Dhiirigelinayaa by wareer ah ee Anne ee Austria, frondory isku dayay in uu sheegi waayo taliye yar King Louis XIV ma ahaa, iyo Prince of Orleans.

Labada shuruudaha ugu horeeya ayaa la kulmay, iyo Prince of Conde, laga sii daayay xabsiga. Marka lacag la'aan ah, ayuu, lid ku ah filayo uu shurako hore, jirrabay oo ballamo ku deeqsi iyo Queen biiray iyada xerada. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa ugu dhakhsaha badan caddaatay in yabooha Xoolo - kaliya weedh madhan, waxay arkeen khiyaameeyay oo markiiba tageen dib ugu frondoram badan. Qaab daran oo ku filan, oo saaxiibadiis jir farxad aqbalay - sida muuqata venality ayaa loo arkaa wax iska caadi ah.

War, necbaan by dadka

Waqtigaa xaaladda ka jirta dalka ayaa soo saartay aad u daran oo khatar galinaya ammaanka Queen waa khatar dhab ah. In magaalooyin badan, waxa uu bilaabay fallaaganimo ka xanaajisay by the Prince of Conde iyo wefdigiisa, iyo xagga koonfureedba bilaabay weerar kale oo ciidamada Isbaanish. Dhacdooyinka qaadan karto jeedin ah oo aad u xun, ee way badbaadiyeen Mazarin Cardinal ah.

Wax yar ka hor in, cadaadis ka baarlamaanka, uu dalbaday in uu is casilay, uu ka tagay dalka reer France. Haddaba, xilligan muhiimka ah, waxaa kasoo muuqdo, laakiin keligay ma, laakiin ay la socdaan askartii xoogan oo calooshood, kuwaas oo la shaqaalaysiiyay in Germany. Waa in la ogaadaa in ka hor inta uu waqti, sida Prince of Conde iyo ciidamada uu ku soo galay Paris.

On jidadka caasimada Faransiiska iyo iridda magaalada laga bilaabay kulanka quus ah. si faahfaahsan xiiso leh - celisa dokumentiyadii taariikhiga ahaa ayaa muujinaya, in dadka caadiga ah ay dhacdo in this, ku hadhay dhexdhexaad ah, kula distaste siman khuseeyaa labada dhinac ee khilaafka. Qof walba waa daal nacayb ah dhammaadka lahayn iyo meel hoggaamineed, sidaa darteed muddo dheer ka hor in mar dambe siiyey kor u qaada ay sabab dhabta ah. Fronda badiyay taageerada dadweynaha iyo halgan waayo, xoog gudahood madaxda gobolka u soo jeestay.

Dhameystirka ee ciyaarta siyaasadeed

Waxaan ku soo gunaanadayaa in dhammaan falalka Regent Queen ah. Waa jeer laga saaray magaalada si cun mucaaradka Cardinal oo ku dhawaaqday in ay diyaar u yihiin gool looga baahan yahay Baarlamaanka. Waxay ahayd dhaqdhaqaaq kale oo siyaasadeed, laakiin iyadoo la kaashanayo Anna Avstriyskaya ku guuleystay in ka badan ka soo horjeeda hore ka mid ah dabaqadda sare. Dhamaan iyaga ka mid ah ka helay dawladda meel sharaf iyo diiran. Conde keligiis iyo ugu dhakhsaha badan u sameeyey khiyaanay kale, soo biiray Ciidamada Spain.

Tani waxay ku dhamaatay Fronde faragelintii. Si kooban u danbaysay dhacdada, odhan kartaan hubaal ah in, Goortuu bilaabay sida flash a of dibad bulshada mass, habka this waxaa harqiyey halganka, hadayana jirin waayo, xoog, ee sharaf ugu sareeya ee gobolka. In kasta oo baadil ah ay dhacdo, wax kasta oo ka dhacay France ee muddada u dhaxaysa 1648 iyo 1653 sano, ay sabab u ahayd danaha shakhsiga ah ee yar. Sidaa darteed waxaa laga soo qaadayaa in Fronde ah - nooc ka mid ah ciyaarta Xoolo blase maran iyo xooggii siyaasiyiinta.