Calcium carbide

Sidaas darteed of dhexgalka ee carbon la Biraha at carbides temperaturahpoluchayutsya sare. Tusaale ahaan, calcium carbide: Ca + 2C → CaC2. Of carbides oo dhan waxa ay leedahay qiimo weyn ku ool ah. CaC2 saafi ah - sidoo kale ayayba adag, kiristaalo Biyuhu sameeyay udhigo Ca2 + iyo C2-. Isaga oo magacyo kale - acetylide Calcium ama carbide calcium. mass gaws waa loo siman yahay si 64,1 g / jirjirroolaha. Waa kuma kacsan oo aan L. in mid ka mid ah qase loo yaqaan, iyo decomposes by tallaabada oo biyo ah. ay cufnaanta waa 2,22 g / cm³. heerkulka xaabo uu ahaa 2160 ° C iyo karkaraya - 2300 ° C. heerka uu saamayn on jidhku waa walax aad u khatar ah (fasalka 1aad khatarta).

acetylide calcium First loo diyaariyey in 1862 by farmashiyaha Jarmal Fridrihom Velerom marka la daawaha dhuxusha ee zinc iyo calcium kululeeyo. Waxay sidoo kale ku tilmaamay falcelinta ee carbide calcium la H2O. Xataa iyada oo raadad ay (tus, qoyaan atmosfeerta) ee carbide calcium si aada uga jawaabo la sii daayo of xaddi badan oo kulaylka. Laakiin haddii ay dhacdo of biyo la'aan taasoo keentay autoignition alxamaad dhici karaan. carbide Calcium si aada uga jawaabo la acids imanba la badhxay iyo xal aqueous of alkalis. Tani waxay sidoo kale waa qoondeynta ah alxamaad. In wakiilka xoog yareeyo, CaC2 awood u soo celinta oo dhan oxides biraha si carbides ama biraha saafi ah.

Helitaanka carbide calcium ma ku haboon, sababtoo ah calcium, iyo xabagta. At heerkul sare (laga bilaabo 2000 ilaa 2300 ° C) waa in ay dib u soo kabashada. The biraha iyo carbon ku xiran yihiin: Cao + 3c → CO ↑ + CaC2. Geedi socodka meel ah foornada arc korontada, kuna waari dhexdeeda isku dar incandescent ah la shiday deg deg ah oo coke ama anthracite. Shayga cayriin waa midab, uu leeyahay midab grayish, sababta oo ah waxa ku jira nijaasta ahaa oo ah qaab xor ah carbon, xabagta, iyo tayadda, phosphide calcium iyo xarumaha kale ee kiimikada. CaC2 jajab Mass dhexdeeda waa 80-85%.

In falcelinta ee carbides la taribuunka biyo ama biraha, ama alxamaad. Sida laga soo xigtay muuqashadii labaad sameynayso biyo carbide calcium ah. Alxamaad, falcelinta keentay in uu leeyahay muhiimadda warshadaha: 2H2O + CaC2 → C2H2 + Ca (OH) 2, waa farsamo ah oo uu leeyahay ur xun, sababta oo ah waxa ku jira tiro ka mid ah nijaasta (NH3, H2S, PH3, iwm). Inkasta oo qaab saafi ah, waa gaas midab leh ur sifo halkii daciif ah, waana arrin L. biyo. Waxaa muhiim ah in la helo cyanamide calcium (qalab dihin ee wax soo saarka ee xeryahooda cyanide ama codsatay sida bacrimin ah) carbide by it ficil leh nitrogen at isla'egta falcelinta: N2 + → CaCN2 CaC2 + C.

CaC2 Last loo laambadihii carbide, taas oo u adeegi jireen sida il of olol alxamaad. Currently, isticmaalka isha light noocan oo kale ah waxaa xadiday inta badan potholing, waxaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa in buoys iyo lighthouses. meelaha kale ee muhiimka ah ee CaC2 codsiga - waa technology kiimikada, halkaas oo waa wax xumu. Tusaale ahaan, wax soo saarka ee kiimikada, inta badan oo ka mid ah waa caag synthetic. Sidoo kale ka calcium carbide madow alxamaad, chloride vinylalkohol, vinylalkohol acetic acid, acrylonitrile, ethylene, acetone, Beeyada dardaro, styrene helay. steel Waxaa loo isticmaalaa in deoxidization iyo desulfurization Biraha (hoos u of ogsijiin iyo baaruud, siday u kala horreeyaan). carbide Calcium waxaa loo isticmaalaa soo saaridda of jaangooyaha koritaanka dhirta a, reagent budada carbide ah (alxanka alxamaad).

Diyaarinta ton kasta CaC2 u baahan yahay ku saabsan 3 kun kw / h oo koronto ah. Sidaa darteed, waxay xaq ku joogaan qiimaha hooseeyo waxaa loogu talagalay. Guud ahaan, si kastaba ha ahaatee, wax soo saarka adduunka ee carbide calcium waxaa sii kordhaya. Haddii ee 70s ee qarnigii la soo dhaafay, sannad walba kor u soo saaraan ilaa 5 million tons, in our qarnigii, tirada ayaa koray by kala bar. Tusaale ahaan, in China, wax soo saarka ee alxamaad ku salaysan carbide calcium waa isha ugu muhiimsan ee alaabta ceeriin ee warshadaha kiimikada, gaar ahaan wax soo saarka ee chloride polyvinyl. wax soo saarka ee alxamaad ka wax cayriin ka dhaqaale badan tahay isticmaalka saliid laga keeno. Sidaa darteed, wax soo saarka ee Shiinaha korayo. Sannadkii 2005, waxaa soo gaadhay 8,94 milyan oo tan, oo waxaa jiray fursado dhab ah in ay soo saaraan 17 milyan oo tan.

Si ka duwan Shiinaha, Maraykanka, Yurub iyo Japan qaadashada calcium carbonaceous sida caadiga ah hoos. Heerka wax soo saarka ee Maraykanka ee 90s ee lacag kaliya 236 kun oo tan sannadkii. In dalka, carbide calcium soo saaray si waafaqsan caddaymaha soo dhigay in ISO 1460-81. macaamiisha ugu muhiimsan ee Its - waa Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Romania iyo Slovakia. Sababo la xiriira isticmaalka awood sare ee alaabta oo xidhiidh la leh korodhka qiimaha isticmaalka korontada ee acetylide calcium ee Russia iyo dalalka dhoofinta by badh dhacay.