Glaciology - sayniska ee maxay? Taasi glaciologist waxbarasho?

Glaciology - sayniska ee maxay? Maxay khubarada ka shaqeeya duurka waxan u samaynaysaan? Ina keena aynu isku day inaad hesho jawaabta su'aalahan oo kale.

Glaciology barataa?

Erayadani waxay ka imanayaan ee Latin erayada "glyatsies" - baraf, iyo "logos" - cilmiga ee erayga. Glaciology - sayniska ee barafka sameeyeyna jawi dabiici ah oo ku saabsan dusha sare ee caalamka, in lithosphere, jawiga iyo hydrosphere.

hawlaha loo xilsaaray in ay sayniska waxaa ka mid ah:

• bartaan sifooyinka of formation of baraf, shuruudaha jiritaankooda;
• waxbarasho ee ka kooban, guryaha jirka ah ee barafka,
• tixgelinta saamaynta dhulka ee glaciers dushiisa caalamka ee;
• waxbarasho ee qaybinta juquraafi ah qaababka baraf.

Glaciology - sayniska ee barafka oo la kala saari Karin xidhiidh la physics, cilmi dhul. Khubaro arimahan hubkaas ayaa loo isticmaalaa hababka farsamo ee dhuleed Sciences.

Taariikhda formation of science

Bilow cilmiga dhigay caanka fuule buurta Swiss, geologist iyo naturalist Oras Benedikt de Saussure. Ujeedooyinka iyo mawduuca ah isbedelka cusub cilmi ayuu ku qaawanaa shuqulkiisa gacanta lagu qoray "Journey in Alps ah." Shaqo ka dhigaysa saynisyahano inta lagu guda jiro 1779-th sannad 1796-th.

shuruudaha gaarka ah ee dhibaatooyinka wajahaya glaciologist ah, ayaa waxaa ku xusan in qarnigii 19aad. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waqtigan, saynisyahano ayaa ka dhiman qalabka nidaamsan oo ku saabsan glaciers. aqoon ma ku filan oo ku saabsan guryaha jirka ah ee barafka, ay dhaqanka. Sidaa darteed, wajiga koowaad ee ugu weyn ee horumarka ah ee sayniska ee glaciology waxaa inta badan lagu gartaa raasamaal aqoonta, formation of habka cilmiyeed.

bilowgii qarnigii 20aad waxaa lagu calaamadeeyay by bilowga sayniska ee tiro ka mid ah sahamo baaxad weyn oo loogu talagalay barashada glaciation, ku urursan meesha ka xigto giraanta cirifka. Dallacsiiyey bixinta nuxurka ifafaale la taaban karo ka dhaca glaciers ah, ah ee hababka saxda ah sida sawir anteenada, photogrammetry, qodista kaamerada, baadhayo ciidda. Muddadan, saynisyahano maamula si ay u horumariyaan soocidda caadi ah oo baraf ah, gaar ahaan tartanka orodada dhaqdhaqaaq, formation iyo barafku ee glaciers.

In ka badan qarnigii la soo dhaafay ayaa lagu soo ururiyey xogta ballaaran on qaybinta juqraafiyeed ee jirkiisa. Seynisyahanno ay awoodaan in ay ogaadaan cusub iyo glaciers dhigi tusaha ay la description faahfaahsan.

Waa maxay samayn glaciologists?

Glaciologist - xirfad, nuxurka taas oo ah inaad wax ka barato qaababka baraf sameeyay deegaanka dabiiciga ah. khubaro noocan oo kale ah waxaa lagu baranayay sifooyinka of muuqaalka glaciers, dhaqankooda, geedi socodka taas oo u horseedi in ay xaabo uu baraf.

Glaciologist - shaqo ku lug leh waxbarasho ee kuli, berkadood, kaas oo la sameeyey by baraf barafku. kuwa xirfad leh in account this category wadooyinka halis ku maps, sidaas looga hortago dhacdo shil iyo masiibooyin dabiici ah weliba,.

Muxuu yahay qiimaha wax ku ool ah ma glaciology?

Glaciology - saynis ah in waxbarashada, ugu horreeya oo dhan, sitoos baahsan dushiisa meeraha ee. Sida laga soo xigtay saynisyahano, hay'adaha sida mashquulin ku saabsan 11% ka mid ah dalka guud ahaan. Waxay soo gabagabeeyey si of 29 million kiiloomitir oo laba jibbaaran ³ biyaha saafiga ah. Horumarinta ee sayniska ku kordhinaya adeegsiga qumman ee khayraadka biyaha wabiyada iyo harooyinka, kuwaas oo loo sameeyay ay sabab u tahay xaabo ah glaciers.

Intaa waxaa dheer, glaciology - sayniska ee sida looga hortago masiibooyinka dabiiciga ah, sababta oo ah waa in la beddelo dhaqanka glaciers. Kooxda la taaban karo ee waxbaridda iyo waa mas'uul ka ah goobaha xisaabaadka, kuwaas oo la sii daayay by dhaqdhaqaaqa glaciers, iyada oo ujeedadu of fulinta howlaha dhaqaalaha.

machadyada cilmi ah

Waayo, daraasadda of glaciers maanta abuuray shabakad hay'adaha gaarka ah, kuwaas oo ah in Russia, USA, Switzerland, Italy, Canada, UK, dalalka kale ee aadka u horumarsan. Laga bilaabo 1894, waxaa ka shaqeeya gudiga caalamiga ah glaciological ka hadlaya waxbarasho ee barafka iyo barafka.

Si loo horumariyo sayniska abaabulay taxane ah oo saldhigyada, kuwaas oo diiradda lagu saaray Polar Urals ah, Franz Josef Land, Altai, New Earth, ee North-bariga iyo bartamaha Asia.

waxbarashada glaciological Muhiim ah

duulaan ugu horeysay ee halis ah loogu talagalay waxbarashada ee glaciers ugu weyn dunida, ayaa lagu qabtay muddada u dhaxaysa 1923 si ay u 1933, sanadka ah saynisyahano Soviet. galku ayaa la sameeyay ee Central Asia, Urals ah, Novaya Zemlya. Ujeeddada ololaha asal ahaan waa a collection of macluumaad waxtar leh oo ku saabsan qaababka baraf.

Cajiib dar dar geliyay horumarinta duulaan sayniska, abaabulay cilmi Soviet G. A. Avsyukom in muddada u dhaxaysa 1950 ilaa 1960-th. Waxaa loogu talagalay la socodka ah glaciers ah ee Tien Shan. Sidaas darteed, saynisyahano ay awoodaan in ay u dhigay, xawaaraha iyo hannaanka dhaqdhaqaaqa ee jirkiisa.

In 1877, beesha caalamka, waxaa la go'aamiyay in uu abaabulo a adeegyada aerospace gaar ah, kaas oo ku hayn waa la socodka xaabo uu barafka iyo barafka ee gobolada kala duwan ee caalamka. Ujeeddada Abuurkiisa ayaa u dhaqmeen geeddi data formation keeni goyn dhulka saafiga. Waayo, markii ugu horeysay indha-indhaynta sida lagu fuliyay by shaqaale ee saldhiga bannaan "Salyut-6". Research xiran nooca muuqaal ah. mass ugu weyn ee xogta qiimo leh, saynisyahano ay awoodaan si ay u ururiyaan iyadoo la adeegsanayo 12-laab iyo casriga 6-laab. Pictures of dusha dhulka ee la fuliyay ka height ah oo ku saabsan 350 km, ayay koreen oo badan oo dhan images tayo sare leh iyadoo la kaashanayo oo aad samayn kartaa cabir arrin sax ah.

In 2012, glaciologist guriga ka shaqeyn jiray Jacaylku, ku guuldareystay in ay fuliyaan qodista guul cap barafka, dhumucda taasoo ku saabsan yahay 4 km. Qubarada ayaa fursad u helay inuu biyaha u gudubno, a baraf innoo. Baro hannaanka gaar ah in ka badan waxaad fartaan Wannaagga malaayiin sano, ayaa shaaca ka qaaday microbes hore oo aan la garaneyn in sayniska. Discovery ahaa muhiim u ah horumarinta ma aha oo kaliya ee glaciology, laakiin sidoo kale duurka ku ah cilmi-bannaan. Uu natiijooyin lama filaan ah ay soo jeedinayaan in maraqa cuntada oo kale waa ma aha oo kaliya hoos cap barafka dhulka, laakiin sidoo kale on meerayaasha kale iyo Satellite ay.