Philosopher iyo qoraa Dokinz Richard: Biography iyo shuqullo

On network bannaanka loo isticmaalo meme "saynisyahano British". On ay wakiil, daabacay statistics on tirada Chinese og sida si aad u hesho in ay afka sanka, ama natiijada waxbarashada saamaynta Saatun ee toosan muuqaal ah cockatoo Australia. magaca qoraaga dheer "meme" ah - Dawkins. Richard - nin cilmiga nafleyda barta qudbad British evolutionary, Faylasuuf, qoraa, popularizer caan ah ee sayniska iyo Diinta. Waxaa iska leh nooc ka mid ah bulshada tacliinta unbaa warsan.

Carruurnimada iyo qaangaarka

Waxa uu ku dhashay March 26, 1941 ee Nairobi, Kenya, iyo koray Nyasaland - hanti British ah ee Koonfur Afrika. Isaga oo xusuusanaya in cilmi barasho xayawaan hore iyo cilmi barasho dhir, ayuu uu xiiseynayo in wax ka badan cilmiga kale. nin cilmiga nafleyda barta hiwaayadda ahayd aabbihiis - rasmi ah gumeysiga Klinton Dzhon Dawkins. Richard iyo walaasheed ka yar ka xiiso xiddigaha iyo qalab guud deegaanka aadanaha. Wiil xiiso leh dhuftay by kakanaanta ee caalamka, iyo sharaxaad dheer uu design abuura joogitaanka isaga ku haboon, sababtoo ah qoyska Dawkins waa caadiga ah ee England.

Waxbarashada Dawkins lahaa si aad u hesho in ay England, halkaas oo ay ka soo guurtay 1949. On talo ah ee aabbihiis, oo wuxuu galay fasalka noolaha ee dugsiga hoose, iyo ujeedada ahayd Oxford. Tani waa meesha ay dhab ahaantii wuxuu noqday xiiso sayniska ee dabiiciga ah. Macallinkiisa ahaa nin cilmiga nafleyda barta ay qudbad iyo guusha Nobel Prize Nikolaas Tinbergen (1907-1988). Intii uu isaga hoggaaminayay, a arday ka qalin Richard Dawkins noqday hawlan sayniska ee dabeecadda xayawaanka - ethology, taas oo uu guulo la taaban karo. Gaar ahaan uu mid ka mid ah marka hore in la isticmaalo computer ahaa, xitaa ka adkaan xirfadaha barnaamijyada this.

diinta farqiga

sal-dhigida A faahfaahsan in aragtida ah ee horumar uu noqday guul muhiim ah nolosha saynisyahan a. Waxa uu ku helay jawaabta su'aasha ku saabsan sababaha kala duwanaanta dabeecadda ku xeeran, asal ahaan dunida xayawaanka iyo bini'aadanka, iyo xidhiidh dhow. Sida uu goor dambe qoray Richard Dokinz, buug weyn Darwin ee ku dhuftay isaga sida weyn u dhamaystirmo oo joogta ah, ka badan kuwa ay bixiyaan taageerayaasha siiya rabaani ah.

Ilaa iyo hadda, waxa uu rumeysan yahay qiimaha ugu weyn uu leeyahay oo nuqulka kowaad ee "The Origin of Species by Means of Selection Dabiiciga ah" Charles Darwin la fariimihii qoraaga. reformer The weyn ee cilmiga dabiiciga ah, Isagu wuu fiirsadaa mid ka mid ah inuu naftiisa iyo geesiyaal sayniska iyo soo horjeeda aragtida ah ee horumar la dagaalamaan ayaa goolkii ugu muhiimsan ee ay waxbarashada. Richard Dawkins, kuwaas oo buug ka xanaajisay ka creationists ah cadaanyo rabshad, tan iyo markii uu noqday dhalinyarada diin laawe ah ku qanacsanahay iyo ololaha ka dhanka ah Sixir bulshada casriga ah.

bilowgii cod weyn

Buuggu wuxuu marka hore, kaas oo isla markiiba soo bixiyey waxbaristiisa ku dhex xirfadlayaasha iyo dadweynaha guud loo yaqaano waxaa la daabacay 1976. "The danayste Gene". Richard Dawkins daraasaddan naadiyey meelmar ah ee Darwin ee fikrado ah ee horumar. Waxaa dhameystirta oo uu yeesho guulaha ay ka mid ah meelaha ugu horumarsan ee biology - genetics iyo ethology. Magaca, oo waa yara daandaansi ah, qoraaga ku jiraan ku adkeeyay doorka hiddo waa sida shayga ugu weyn ee horumar, ma shakhsiyaad ama dadka oo dhan. Qoto dheer aragti cusub oo ahayd in u shaqeeyo waa gaari waayo, hiddo doonaya in ay is ilaaliyaan in farcankii cusub oo keliya.

Waxa uu intaas ku qaadataa aragti evolutionary, shisheeya genetics. Halkan fikradda ah ee u dhigma ah hiddo-dabeecadda sheegay meme. Buuga "The danayste Gene" Richard Dokinz ayaa soo jiitay ee saynisyahano in dhibaatooyinka horumar dhaqan qaybaha kala duwan ee duur-joogta. shayga of cusub sayniska - memetics - wuxuu soo jeediyay in la tixgeliyo category ee cilmi barasho xayawaan non-net ama cilmi barasho dhir. Waxay noqon kartaa fikrado, teknoolajiyada, isbedelka cusub ee fashion iyo dhaqanka. Tusaale The siiyey kitaabka, sababaha loogu heeso ka gudbay hoos ka ab ka ab ee noocyada qaar ka mid ah songbirds.

horumarinta fikradaha buug cusub

Time ayaa xaqiijiyay in muhiimadda ay leedahay ee buugga ugu horeysay ee Dawkins. fikradaha la soo bandhigay tiraab qurux badan, cad oo wax fiiriyey weyn, inkastoo ay sababtay muran qadhaadh, mararka qaarkood siyaasadeed. Dawkins diinta anaanimada ah apologist diido qiimaha kasta oo ururada bulshada. Waxa uu isku dayay in uu sharaxo booskiisa si faahfaahsan ee uu shaqada "The Phenotype Extended" (1982), waxay dhashay in ka badan sayniska.

Fikradda asaasiga ah ahaa: sifooyinka qaar ka mid ah noocyada gooni ah oo ku xiran isbedel evolutionary lahayn xuduud cad, ku beegneyd la noolaha qolof dibadda ah. Waxay khuseysaa wax walba ku xiran yahay nolosha. Sidaas daraaddeed, waxay noqon kartaa beavers xireenno ay, saamaynaya meel ka mid ah dhowr hektar ee degaanka, iyo baabuurta bannaan, nin-dhigay, gudbi karaan xuduudka reer our Galaxy.

Halganka loogu jiro xoriyada ee sayniska

Back si demoqaraadiyad ah Dawkins tusay hawlaha guud, ka qayb falalka lidka ku ah dagaalka. In tiris ah, waxa uu dareemay in ay khatar ku tahay xoriyadooda sida saynisyahano evolutionary iyo hawlaha si ay jiil cusub oo cilmiga sayniska horusocod ah. Creationists heshay taageero gobolka, iyo waxbaridda aragtida Darwin ayaa la kulmay caqabado dhab ah in dalalka ugu badan "iftiimiyey". "Darwin ee Rottweiler" - naaneesta ah helay oo uu hawl Richard Dawkins. "The Watchmaker Blind" - buug loogu yeero iyo version TV ay, la sii daayay sanadkii 1987. Waxay muujiyeen habdhaqanka ee cilmiga in ay taageerayaasha Design Intelligent.

Dhaleeceyn ee horumar ay sheegayaan in kakanaanta ee dabiiciga ah waxaa lagu sharaxay kaliya by shaqada abuura ee, oo asal ahaan ka mid ah nin by hab oo ah isbadal tartiib ah noolaha heer hoose ah, sida aan macquul ahayn waa sida soo bixitaanka of farsamo adag oo aan design ula kac ah. Dawkins si joogto ah ku dooday in kaliya doorashada dabiiciga ah waxay keeni kartaa in soo bixitaanka of noolaha adag leh sifooyin u gaar ah.

Richard Dawkins 'Watchmaker Blind ayaa, "kaas oo loo calaamadeeyay by abaalmarinta iyo abaal-marinno badan, wuxuu ahaa madaxdii aqoonsan yahay ee mulxidnimo xagjirka ah. Buuga soo socda, u huray in arrimaha xiriirka ka dhexeeya diinta iyo bulshada, ayaa noqday nacayb ugu soo iibsatay oo keeni dhagar isaga oo ay dhaggan diimaha iyo madaahibta kala duwan.

On screen iyo buugaagta

Dawkins si dhakhso ah u noqday dabeecad warbaahinta la garan karo ee England, Europe iyo United States. Uu erudition, sheekeeye xirfad iyo polemicist isaga marti soo dhaweyn waxbarashada iyo television waxbarashadda. taxane ah oo muxaadarooyin television carruurta iyo dhalinyarada ku BBB-4 channel, on taas oo lagu qoray buugga "Fulitaanka waa Fiicnaan ku Fiinta" (1996), sii ansax ah maanta. Waxa uu ka hadlayaa asal ahaan nolosha, aragtida ah evolutionary doorka Darwin ee horumarinta sayniska casriga ah, muranada "Ilaah la xiqiijiyay".

buugaagta waa muhiimad weyn ma lagu muransan yahay. Bayoolajiga ka yimid dalalka kala duwan oo isku raacsan yihiin in meelo badan oo saynis, xulufada la ah cilmiga dabiiciga ah, mid ka mid ah aqoonyahaniinta ugu saameynta badan ee aannu mar - Richard Dawkins. "The awoowe ee SHEEKADII" (2004), "Show The Greatest on Earth" (2009), "The Magic ee Tassna" (2011) - oo kaliya la soo dhaafay waqtiga shaqada. Waxay horumar ka mid ah duur-joogta u muuqda xiiso iyo heer jaceylka nidaamka taas oo Dawkins maraa leh xirfad yaab leh.

"Waxaan - saynisyahan a, ma Faylasuuf ah"

Ula dhaqan kasta oo halis ah, oo fiiriyaa, waayo caddayn aan ku tiirsan veru- u yeedhay Richard Dawkins. "Ilaaha dhagar" (2006) - buug oo ku muujinayaa call this aad u cad. Waxaa jira dood kale oo badan oo ka gees ah creationists, dhanka ah daliilka xun ee raacnimada diinta:

• door raaxo diinta, miraheeda waxbarasho la aqoonsan yahay xataa cawaan qaar ka mid ah, iyo underestimation of this ahaa eedeeyay Dawkins. Oo isna wuxuu ku dooday in mid ka mid noqon kartaa ku faraxsan yahay, dareen ahaan iyo damiir ahaanba si buuxda u aadanaha oo aan u Dhiibaan awood sare.
• Aragti Evolutionary oo ku salaysan waxa ay ku saabsan cilmiga si buuxda iyo si sax ah ku tilmaami dunida. Waxay kuu ogolaanaysa inaad si gaar ah u bogi quruxda iyo kala duwanaanta, aan ka muuqan doontaa doonista hal, iyo in koorsada of habka xiiso tartiib ah.
• Waxaad ma leexin karo jidka fikirka iyo dhaqanka dogmas aadanaha, keliya ku salaysan meesha uu ku dhashay iyo deegaanka, halkaas oo ay ku soo sara kiciyey. Fikradda ah ilmaha ilmo-Muslim ama Protestant a ma noqon karto macquul ahayn, sidoo kale ilmaha ama ilmo-Nietzschean a Markis.
• waxbaristiisa diimeed - isha intransigence iyo gardarada, gaar ahaan khatar ah maanta. Halkii iyaga looga hortago tanaasulaad laydinku tallaalay iyo Asal tanaasulaad iyo jiriin ah.

Concern mustaqbalka ee caalamka

Buugaagta iyo barnaamijyo loogu talagalay carruurta - qayb muhiim ah oo waxbarashada. kiciyay by Richard Dawkins. "Ilaaha dhagar" - buug iyo filim telefishanka, gaar ahaan saaraya in dareenka ka walaacsan Qubarada, qaddar ee mustaqbalka ee sayniska iyo caalamka oo dhan. Dawladdu waxay qarnigii XXI ah, si cad u taageera furitaanka dugsiyada iyo jaamacadaha Christian iyo Muslim, iyo barnaamijyada tababarka laga saaro wax kasta oo la xidhiidha Darwin ee aragtida ka soo jeedo ee nolosha.

la'aanta ah ee caado ay si xor ah u malaynayaa, oo aan saameynta ay dhinac saddexaad, iimaanka indha la 'runta, hindiseen qof oo marka ay wax - taasi waxa weeye waxa saynisyahan arko khatar qofka soo koraya. Independence iyo xoriyada, madaxbannaani ee furitaanka danbow cusub, awood u leh inay mahad muuqaalka kore ee Dhulka guul dhif ah, baadi-goobka aragtida faraxsan oo nolosha - waxaa muhiim ah in ilmuhu leeyahay in la qaato la galay qaangaarnimada.

hantida aqooneed

Magiciisu waa a meeraha yar, asteriyoodh, tiriyey 8331 in meel bannaan oo u qoto dheer oo panulirus ee kalluunka biyaha saafiga ah ka kalluun dhagaxa weyn ee ku nool South India iyo Sri Lanka ah. Isagu waa ku guuleystay ka mid ah boqolaal abaalgudyada la qaderiyo iyo abaalmarino. publications wax raadayn kara - Prospect, Time, Daily Telegraph ayaa magiciisa ee liiska ka mid ah aqoon yahanno ugu caansan of our time dhigi.

Qofka kuwaas oo e-mail waxaa ka buuxa warqado la cay fisqi iyo hanjabaad rigoore laga cabsado in la joogo iyo nolosha - sidoo kale waa Richard Dawkins. "Diinta dumisaa dhamaan", "Cadawga sababta" - rumayn maanka sare diyaar u ah inuu isaga cafidaan ma aha, xitaa magacyada publications.

Waxa uu qoray buugaag, ka dhigaysa filimada, uu jilaa ka noqotay filimo iyo sawir gacmeedyada, iyo ka qayb shows iyo riwaayada dhagax weyn. Waxa uu ku nool yahay si buuxda u waafaqsan weedha ah la boodhadhka la malaasay on basaska London ee qaabka guud ee xilli fuliyeen qayb ka mid ah Dawkins: "In suurtagalnimada oo dhan, waxaa jira Ilaah kale ma jiro. Enough walaac iyo naftaada aad u raaxayso. "