Guryaha kiimikada ee alkenes (olefins)

Olefins - Consort oo Britain ayaa ka mid ah bond double. Mararka qaarkood xeryahooda jooga Consort yeedhay taxane ethylene. bond The double ee Britain ayaa waxaa si sahlan loo aqoonsan by falanqaynta spectral.

guryaha jirka ah ee alkenes

Saddexda xubnood koowaad ee taxanaha homologous of alkenes - gaasaska. From Kii shanaadna wuxuu u lix - dareere ah, sare miisaanka kelli alkenes - adkaha. Iyada oo kordhay iyo kordhinta dhererka silsilad hydrocarbon dhibic karaya walxaha. In xaaladaha shaybaarka, walxahan waxay laga heli karaa siyaabo dhowr ah: by dehydrogenation ee alkenes by arrinkaas batroolka, dehydrogenation of alcohols.

Qab qabashada oo saliid ah - hab warshadaha ee soo saara Consort roodhida. Sidaas darteed, saliid kaamerada arrinkaas kulul in 750 digrii, lafaha hydrocarbon alkane jabtay:

S30N62 → S15N30 + S15N32

Dehydrogenation of alkanes. Nidaamkan waxaa lagu fuliyaa at heerkul ah oo ku saabsan 600 digrii. Under xaaladahan, Britain u cokan hydrocarbon by atamka H yihiin dhegay si ay u sameeyaan alkenes, tusaale ahaan: → S5N12 S5N10 + H2.

Fuuq of alcohols. alcohols Monohydric lalana xiriiro sulfate acid alkenes foomka, tusaale ahaan: S4N9ON → C4H8 + H2O.

guryaha kiimikada ee alkenes la xidhiidha joogitaanka in ay Britain bond a double. cufnaanta electron dhexeeya atamka ka, bond a double uu ka badan yahay in u dhexeeya atamka C xiran by bonds hal. nooca ugu weyn ee dareen-celin, taas oo iman alkenes - goysiga, Ulasocto a pi-joojin ay sabab u formation of laba bonds cusub li'idiisa. Olefins galaan reaction polymerization ah, kaas oo sidoo kale ay la socdaan cholesterol silsilado double.

guryaha kiimikada ee alkenes: halides ku biiro

Olefins dhaba taranto Britain halide hydrogen, sidaas monogalogenoproizvodnye la xirrira (tus S10N20 S10N21S1 → HC1 +). Marka lifaaqan alkenes sameeyay H2O cokan alcohols monohydric (S10N20 + H2O → S10N21ON).

alkenes gubanaya

At heerkul sare hoos olefins O2 waxaa diyaar oxidized (gubay) si C02 iyo H20. Alkenes, lalana xiriiro -KP si ay u sameeyaan a alcohols dihydric (glycols).

guryaha kiimikada ee alkenes: polymerization olefin

Consort bandhigay muujiyaan janjeera weyn in ay dareen-celin polymerization. Sida caadiga ah, polymer - waa silsilad dheer ku cel-unugyada dhismaha (monomers). Marxaladani waxay, waxaa curin kara siyaabo dhowr ah, laakiin inta badan waa silsilad, oo la xidhiidha geedi socodka a xagjirka ah, cationic ama anionic free.

guryaha kiimikada ee alkenes: polymerization cationic

Noocan ah cadaanyo waxaa catalyzed by acids. Proton biiray olefin, la xirrira carbocation ah. Markaas socota kharash ee la soo dhaafay ku pi-sitemu Britain iyo noocyo kale carbocation alkene silsiladdan ugu dheer, kaas oo weerara Britain ayaa soo socda olefin, iwm Sidaas darteed, ejection ee proton ama habka kale, "ayuu demin" carbocation lacag, circuit furan dhacdaa. Marka anionic anion laylis polymerization waxaa la aasaasay by weerar nucleophilic of olefin X- anion ah. Marka lifaaqan silsilad nasashada proton. Waa in la ogaadaa in polymerize ee free-xagjirka ah inta badan Consort roodhida. Marxaladani waxay, waxaa curin kara H202, peroxides organic, hydroperoxides, iwm circuit Open dhacaa sabab u recombination xagjiriinta. Xaaladaha qaarkood, waayo, polymers alkene isticmaalo reaction copolymerization. In copolymerization ah, polymer ah oo ka kooban qaybo kala duwan, talantaalli ah ee macromolecule ee si gaar ah. alaabta falcelinta acetate helay. guryaha jirka iyo farsamo ee ku xeryahooda jooga waa go'an yahay ugu horayn by amarka iskhilaafka of unugyada hoose, iyo nooca iyo caddadka monomers waxaa ka mid ahaa in silsilad polymer ah.