Haddii ay jirto in hawlgabka Shiinaha ee? On in dadka hawlgabka ah Chinese live

Looga hadlay article waxay noqon doontaa ah oo ku saabsan haddii ay jiraan waa in hawlgabka Shiinaha ee. Waxaa muhiim ah in si degdeg ah ka dhigi Boos - arrin ay leeyihiinna category ee adag. In Shiinaha arrinta uu qarsoon yahay. Sidaas, isku day in aad xisaabiso haddii ay jiraan waa in hawlgabka Shiinaha ee, ie nidaamka hawlgabka.

arrinta Pension ee Shiinaha ee la soo dhaafay

nidaamka hawlgabka Shiinaha ee aan taabacsaneyn in category ee cadaalad ah. Ilaa xad dhawaan, ee Shiinaha waxa la bixiyaa oo kaliya in ay saraakiisha iyo shaqaalaha shirkadaha dawladdu leedahay.

dib u habaynta suuqa ogol yahay cover nidaamka hawlgabka Chinese iyo muwaadiniinta ku hawlan ganacsiga gaarka loo leeyahay. Laakiin xitaa waxaa loo ogol yahay in ay ku tiirsan yihiin bixinta boqolkiiba dadka waayeelka ah oo kaliya soddon.

Inta kale ee hawlgabka Chinese (inta badan reer miyiga) sii xeerkii awowayaashiis ahaayeen in mushaharka carruurtooda.

U hogaansanaanta dhaqan ayaa had iyo jeer ka qayb qaatay sidii loo xoojin lahaa xiriirka qoyska, daryeelka xubnaha qoyska ka weyn la qaato siiyo. Sidaas darteed haddii aad qaadato xiiso meelaha miyiga ah, haddii ay jiraan waa in hawlgabka Shiinaha ee, ka dibna ay u badan tahay, ma waxaad ka heli doontaa jawaab qeexan, sababta oo ah madmadowga.

arrinta Pension ee Shiinaha maanta

Maanta, Shiinaha la soo gudboonaado natiijada siyaasadaha 70s-habaabiyay ee qarnigii la soo dhaafay in arrimaha digga.

Sida aad ogtahay, wakhtigaas maamulka Chinese xaddido heerka dhalmada ayaa la soo bandhigay. Sidaas darteed, maanta ayaa gabowga af dadweynaha, halka yareynta dhalinyarada, taas oo garbaha waxaa dhaqan ahaan loo xilsaaray waxa ku jira waalidiinta dadka waayeelka ah.

Shiinaha maanta waa hogaamiyaha in tirada dadka hawlgabka ah.

Imisa qof Chinese fariisan doono muddo 20 sano ah, iyo in dowladda ay awood u siiyaan cimri sharaf leh u noqon doonaan - su'aal taas oo ah ba'an ayaa maanta ka hor maamulka. Xataa maanta, dalka in ay 40% ka mid ah dakhliga miisaaniyadda "cuna" hoos u dhaca dhaqaalaha ee nidaamka hawlgabka. Falanqeeyayaasha ayaa qadarka $ 11.2 trillion, kaas oo noqon doona khasaare ah PF in 2033.

demographers Chinese saadaaliyo xaaladda halkaas oo hawlgab shaqayn doona dadka deggan kaliya labo.

Shiinaha oo kaabiga siyaasadeed loomed tallaabooyin nacaayo oo dadka ku dhex, gaar ahaan in la kordhiyo da'da hawlgabka ah.

da'da hawlgabka ee Chinese

Waxa xiiso leh in da'da hawlgabka ee Shiinaha ku kala duwanyihiin oo gobolka.

Maanta, waayo, nimankii aad - waa 60 sano iyo haweenka ka shaqeeya Maamulka - 55 sano. Haweenka jir ahaan ka shaqeeya, waxay xaq u leeyihiin in ay hawlgab ku noqoto da'da 50. nidaamka noocan oo kale ah ka jirta Shiinaha waayo nus qarni ah. Waqtigaas, Filashada nolosha ee dalka ayaa ahaa celcelis ahaan ku saabsan 50 sano.

Currently, tiradaasi u kacay. Ragga ku nool celcelis ahaan 75 sano, dumarka - ilaa 73.

Marka tan la eego, Wasaaradda Shaqada iyo Amniga Bulshada ee Shiinaha si ay dowladda ula timid soo jeedin ah in si tartiib tartiib ah kor da'da hawlgabka ah laga bilaabo 2016. In ka yar 30 sano jir ah ayaa lagu casuumay si loola simo da'da ragga iyo dumarka waxay xaq u leeyihiin lacagta hawlgabka. Haddii tani waxaa la hirgeliyey, ka dibna 2045 Chinese ah in "inta kale si fiican u qalantay" tegi doonaa 65 sano.

On in dadka hawlgabka ah Chinese live

Dabcan, arrinta ugu muhiimsan oo loogu talagalay dadka waayeelka ah ee dal kasta waa su'aasha ku saabsan waxa size of lacagaha hawlgabka.

In Shiinaha, accrual hawlgabka waxay ku xiran tahay meesha qof ku nool yahay (magaalooyinka ama miyiga), iyo sidoo kale cidda uu u shaqeeyaa (gobolka ama kuwa gaarka ah). Unified hawlgabka ee aasaasiga ah ee dalka ka maqan.

hawlgabka Celcelis ahaan in Shiinaha, in meesha deggan yahay kala duwan ee jeer, oo ka mid tahay iyo badh kun oo yuan ah ee muwaadiniinta ah, waayo, dadka tuuladu - (kaliya ee 2009 ayaa la soo bandhigay hawlgabka tuulada) 55 ilaa 100 yuan. hawlgabka gobolka muwaadiniinta waa qiyaastii 20% ee celceliska mushaharka ee tuuladu - 10%.

Sababta loo helo hawlgabka ugu yar ee shaqaalaha rayidka ah waa 15 sano oo waayo aragnimo ah ee ganacsiga gobolka, iyo sidoo kale ku darsaday in 11% ka mid ah mushaharka dawladda fund hawlgabka (PF). Waayo, dadweynaha qaybta loo qoondeeyay in PF hab-dhaqan gobolka hawlgabka ay ku xiran tahay mushaarka ee ummadeed.

In shaqo gaar ah wax yar oo dhan ah si kala duwan: Shaqaalaha Dardaarmi ku PF 8% mushaarka ay, 3% - shaqeeyaha.

Gobollada qaar ka mid ah hawlgabka Shiinaha ayaa waxaa la aasaasay in shirkadaha halkaas oo ay shaqaalaha ku ururto kaydka hawlgabka mustaqbalka. In mustaqbalka, ururka bixiya hawlgabka ku salaysan cadadka in uu ururiyey intii lagu guda shaqada.

Chinese on saabsan hawlgabka

Ma jiraa a Chinese hawlgabka waayeelka? Haddii aad weydiiso su'aashan si Chinese ah naftooda, jawaabta ee dalka ayaa laga maqli karo qof kasta oo afraad ayaa gaadhin 60 sano jir, waxa uu helo. Arrintan waxa xaqiijiyay tirakoobka ee xogta ee Shiinaha.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa ay u muuqataa in Chinese ah naftooda ma si gaar ah xiiso su'aasha ah: "Ma jiraan hawlgabka ah ee Shiinaha?" Halkan, sida muuqata, waxay saamaysaa maskaxda dadka, kuwaas oo sharaf dhaqanka awowayaashood. Wixii kun oo sano Chinese ah ayaa ku noolaa, ayaa rajeynaya keliya naftooda iyo qoysaskooda. In firfircoon by dabiiciga ah, mana qabto dhibaatooyin la bulsheed, iyagu gargaar ka baxsan uma baahna. Waayo, hawlgabka Chinese - wakhtigan, marka naf la heesaya, maxaa yeelay waxa ay free of walwal la soo dhaafay waa.

Xaqiiqada ah in dadka waayeelka ah ee Boqortooyada Dhexe ma aha mahad qayb maaliyadeed ee hawlgabka iyo habdhaqanka caadiga ah ee saaxiibada kuu dhow iyo bulshada guud ahaan.

Bixiddaada on fasax, Shiinaha si firfircoon doonaya in ay kor u markii laga badiyay hore ee fasaxa. dheeldheel A jecel iyaga u yihiin qoob fiidkii. At goobood ee beerta, oo u dhow metro iyo xitaa wadada aad ka arki kartaa dadka waayeelka ah, cayaar ma aha qoob dad oo kaliya taageerayaasha hoos ku durbaanada iyo daf. Dadka waaweyn ma sidoo kale iska kibriya Waltz oo tango.

By habka, hamiday this inta badan abuuraa hawlgabka dakhliga qoobka ugu caan bandhig dhinacyada shirkadaha iyo xaflado, waxay lacag u lacag.

hawlgabka hiwaayad cusub Shiinaha ayaa noqday dalxiiska gudaha iyo dibadda. Waxay kordhinayaan in horumarinta waaxda dalxiiska ee dhaqaalaha iyo nolosha in ka fariistay ka dhigaysa in ay xitaa ka badan oo xiiso leh. Sidaa darteed, su'aashu waxay, jiilka ka weyn ee Chinese hubaal jawaabi doonaa "haa" "in ay ku noolaadaan in ka fariistay xiiso leh."

Shiinaha si aad u ogaato

nidaamka hawlgabka Shiinaha ee, waxaa la xoojiyo - su'aal fudud. Xuquuqdeeda leh in ay go'aan la siiyo gobolka.

Sida ay muujinayso taariikhda, dalka ayaa had iyo jeer laga helay hab baxay xaaladaha adag. Maanta, dawladda Shiinaha ayaa raadineysa daydo inaad wax badan ka furfurmi maareeyo nidaamka hawlgabka. Haddaba su'aashu waxay haddii ay jirto in Shiinaha hawlgabka waayeelka ah loo saarin karaa in category ee xogsiin ah. Dabcan waxaa jira.