Harun al-Rashid: gool, guusha, soo horjeeda. Boqornimadii of Harun al-Rashid

qeybtii labaad ee BC qarnigii 8-dii ayaa waxaa lagu calaamadeeyay ay daciifaan dawladdii dhexe, iyo meelaha baadiyaha ah ee midowga helay wadadii cusub horumarinta. Against asalka ah isbedel guud istaagay baxay gaar ahaan magaalada Baqdaad. Waxay jeelyihiin in si deg deg ah u noqday caasimada ah dhaqan iyo siyaasad of a boqortooyadii Muslim badan. In si degdeg ah horumarinta baayacmushtariga magaalada, naqshada, askari - qof walba shaqo heli karo. A gaar ahaan guul ka dhigi kara mustaqbalkiisa ciyaareed guul oo ay noqoto qiyaasi Khaliifkii, magiciisa la odhan jiray - Harun al-Rashid.

Warkii oo Tassna

Warkii Arab naga soo bandhigaan taliyihii Baghdad sida sokoeye iyo cadaalad ah oo xigmadda lahaa oo injineero iyo saynisyahano, deeqbixiye iyo abuure la. image ee Harun al-Rashid ahaa sidaas u cajiib ah in ka dib markii uu magaca noqday erayga reerka ah, in midani nin deeqsi ah cilmiga la siiyey awood, wanaagsan oo xaq ah. Laakiin xaqiiqadu waxa ay tahay, sida had iyo jeer, soo baxday in sheekooyinka kale oo badan dayri.

Khaliifkii carruurnimada

In magaalada qadiimiga ah ee Ray, ayaa ku dhow inay Iran waa kan, ee 766, wuxuu ku dhashay awow u ahaa oo ka mid ah Al-Mansur weyn - aasaasihii guri ammaan Abbasid ah, taas oo muddo dheer laga saaray by khilafada weyn. hantidoodii soohdimaha Hindiya iyo Shiinaha inay xeebaha Atlantic ka kordhiyay. Awoowe ee Harun al-Rashid oo la aasaasay Baghdad. Last xilliga dhalmada ee Khaliifkii mustaqbalka noqday magaalada hodan ah oo barwaaqo ah, decoration ugu weyn ee kaas oo ahayd hoygii boqorka ee Khaliifkii. Khan noqday hooyadiis a addoon Yemen mustaqbalka by magaca Al-Hayzuran in Khaliifkii sameeyey naagtiisii addoonta ahayd, oo markaas guursaday.

Harun al-Rashid qaatay uu carruurnimada ee dhaylo ah oo jilcisan, hareereeyeen by saaxiibo, qoyska iyo hanuunin bixiya xigmadda leh. In kasta oo hanti ah ee ku xeeran, ayuu koray oo xoog leh oo adag - qaansoleydii u fiican, iyo swordsman, wuxuu ahaa kii faraska ku fiican. Laga soo bilaabo carruurnimada hore, hagayaal ahaayeen wakiillo ka Barmakids dhalashada sharaf iyo dhallinyarada Jacfar al Barmakids ahaa in uu saaxiib wanaagsan ee sano.

The olole ugu horeysay ciidamada

At codsiga Harun hooyadii ugu da'da yar oo ka mid ah lix iyo toban ina Khaliifkii uu ka qayb qaatay ololaha militari oo ka dhan Empire Byzantine ah. Waxaa cad in uu ku amray waadixa ah magacaaban, colaadda ahaayeen kuwo ka badan madaxda ciidamada khibrad leh. In kasta oo Waji badan, kuwaas oo faqaan, dhegta aabbihiis, ka soo horjeeda ee Harun al-Rashid, wayna yaabeen. kii dhaxalka lahaa Young muujiyeen geesinimo aad u fiican in dagaalka oo waxay ahaayeen, oo isna waa la aamini karin kiisas adag oo dheeraad ah.

Ka dib markii ka soo laabtay ilaalo, Harun al-Rashid ayaa loo xil saaray inuu u taliyo Ifriqiya (hadda dalkan waxa uu ku yaalaa on soohdinta reer Tunisia casriga ah), Armenia, Azerbaijan iyo Suuriya. In liiska u tartami carshiga Khaliifkii, wuxuu ahaa kan labaad oo kaliya in uu bar-walaalkiis Musa.

Boqortooyada gaaban ee al-Hadi

dhimashada Khaliifkii ka dib Musa qaaday carshiga magaca al-Hadi. Walaalkiis, ayuu xabsiga ku rideen iyo qasbay in ay ku dhaartaan in marnaba Harun al-Rashid ma sheegan lahaa in carshiga oo si daacad ah u adeegi doonaa walaalkiis-taliyaha.

Laakiin Haruna hooyadiis iyo saaxiibkiis Jacfar sida dhaar ma in la siiyo sharci-noolaa gaaban ee al-Hadi uu khilafada. In 786, ayuu si lama filaan ah u dhintay, oo waxaa lagu bedelay Harun.

Ujeeddooyinka Harun al-Rashid

Halganka loogu jiro carshiga boqortooyadiisa ah - waa iska hor imaad dheer oo dhiig leh. Ka dib markii baxaya carshigii, wax ugu horeysay dhallinyarada Harun sii waday in ay ka ciyaaraan door ku magacaaban, oo u talin jiray dalka reer macallinkiisa iyo Barmakids awood badan. In ay xukun Khaliifkii dhallinyarada hagayay waxbarista sayidkiisa Yahya ibn Khalid, waqti badan oo uu siiyey hooyadiis, oo isaga Qolol carshiga.

Ka dib markii dhimasho hooyadeed, Harun al-Rashid waxaa si tartiib ah takhalusaya saameynta ay ku Barmakids qabiil awood leh oo qaadataa kelyaha ee gacmahooda. The soo horjeeda weyn ee Harun al-Rashid hadda waa - saaxiibadiis hore iyo hanuunin bixiya. On 29 January, 803 sano ka gacmaha uu vizier Jacfar la dilay - dheer-taagan iyo saaxiib ugu daacadsan ee Khaliifkii. Waxay ahayd qalad ku cambaareeyey leexinaaya qarsoodi eedayn ama shaki Khaliifkii - runta, aan marna ma ogaan doonaa. From Hanuuniyaa ayaa sidoo kale ganaax macallinka of Khaliifkii, iyo mentor Yahya ibn Khalifa ayaa waxaa si joogto ah xidhnaa xabsi ku.

Khaliifkii Policy

Boqornimadii of Harun al-Rashid, oo la odhan karaa da 'ah oo dahab ah oo ah khilafada. Fadilmo military shuruud niyad deriska saboolka ku faa'iidi weerarrada oo ku taalla daafaha boqortooyada. All isku dayaysa in ay u guban ololka dagaal arxan cadaadis. In this time nabad ganacsiga bullaalaya. Waxaa laga yaabaa in ay ahayd ganacsatada Carbeed kuwaas oo ku baayacmushtaray dhan yaqaan dunida, oo warka faafiyo oo ku saabsan Khaliifkii cusub sida taliye deeqsi ah oo xigmad leh.

In kasta oo warkiisiina wuxuu gaadhay taliye amaanaa oo ah hoggaamiye milatari oo aad u adag, Harun al-Rashid ahaa xasaasi ah codkiisa saynisyahano iyo naxariis badan oo masaakiinta. Intii ay boqornimadiisa ayuu maalin walba tukanayo. Waayo, fiqiga iyo albaabada Gabayaana waxaa had iyo jeer ahaayeen furan, Harun inta badan iyagii maqlay, ogolaanayo in ay u fasiraan Quraanka, si ay u gabyi jiray gabayo ammaan ee ay cinwaanka u gaar ah.

Horumarka sayniska iyo dhismaha

Inkastoo xeerka guud, waxaan leenahay madaxbannaanida qaraabo magaalada khilafada Abissidskom. Khalifa raacay guulaha saynisyahano dalalka kala duwan uu khilafada, oo lagu casuumay in uu cilmi ugu kartida iyo injineero. Iyada oo habkan oo ah waxa guulaha noqday caan Harun al-Rashid, ugu dhaqsaha badan ka bartay oo dhan dunida Carabta. khilafada dhiso biriijyo iyo masaajidda, levees dhisay iyo biyo-xireenno, dhul engegan waraabka aan dhammaadka lahayn ee midowga ah. Waxaa jiray adeeg dhexe boostada, taas oo in Europe wakhtigaas xitaa ma maqlay. jidadka caravan ee dhulka ee midowga ah ayaa la ilaaliyo ka dhacay tuugag, safra joojiyey oo dhammi, oo aan ka cabsada naftooda iyo kaydka.

design weyn

Waxa xiiso leh in, sida laga soo xigtay mid ka mid ah taariikhyahan, Harun al-Rashid ayaa waxaa si dhab ah ka fiirsaneysa mashaariicda xira Badda Cas la romeyskoy biyaha ku (Mediterranean). Waayo, fulinta hawl this Khaliifkii lahaa habka iyo fursad. Mashruucaan waxaa diiday ka mid ah gobolka sababo ammaan - taliyey Khaliifkii si dhab ah u baqeen duulaanka ka mid ah maraakiibta Byzantine iyo horumar degdeg ah si ay xeebta Hejaz. Si joogta ah dib ugu soo laabtay fikrad this ka dib, in ka badan kun sano jir, dhisay on site mashruuca qadiimiga ah ee Suez Canal.

Haweenaydii Khaliifkii

Soon, Khaliifkii dhallinyarada guursaday. Dooqiisa ahaa Zubeydda Ibn Dzhafar, maayso ee al Khaliifkii Mansour. guulaha badan oo ka Harun al-Rashid xaq waajib tahay in laygu loo aaneeyey inay naagtan gaar ah. Waxa uu kaalin weyn in qurxinta magaalada, iyadoo ay u Dhiibaan jidadka Baghdad ee nalalka madow illa, iyadu waa mid ka mid ah haweenka ugu horeeyay ee shaqo samafal sameeyo. Waxay ninkeeda iyo wiil, sayidkayga Abu Abdallu Al Eebe, kuwaas oo isku mar ahaa kii dhaxalka lahaa in boqortooyadii aabbihiis siiyey.

Khaliifkii iyo diinta

Raxmadda iyo dhawrsashada taliye strangely weheliso habdhaqankiisa daarna in diimaha kale. Oo wakhtigii hore ee uu ku xukumay, ayuu ku dhawaaqay cafis, saamaxay boqolaal tuugo iyo tuugada, laakiin hadhay godad dadka, fasiraadda Quraanka taas oo ka caadiga ah ee kala duwan. In dunida hristinskom dadkan waxaa loogu yeedhi lahaa kufaar ah. The zindīq wax-u lahaa in ay si cad u joojiyaan jimicsiga qaldan oo aad laaluush gaar ah uu u sii daayo. Dadka aan Yuhuudda ahayn waxaa la soo dersay dulli khilafada iyo hoos jiray xeerar dheeraad ah oo adag. Tusaale ahaan, waxa laga reebay inuu xirto kabaha isku xirto by Muslimiinta qaar ka mid ah. Lama ogola inay raacaan fardo - habka ugu weyn ee gaadiidka Masiixiyiinta iyo gaalada kale loo arkaa dameerro. Aan ku riyaaqay taageerada khilafada iyo dhaggan ee diimaha kale. Sannaddii 806 Harun al-Rashid in qiiro taqi ah in Islam diinta kaliya on dalkoodii ka dhigi, uu amar ku bixiyay in burburinta dhan geedihii Asheeraah Christian waddammadoodii, dhab ahaantii reebay in ay ku dhaqmaan diinta kiristaanka ee uu khilafada.

maalmaha ugu dambeeya ee Khaliifkii

Siyaasadda dagaal of Islam u taagan tahay in dhamaadka ruxmay degan boqortooyada Abbadinskogo khilafada. hadda kala duwan ee iimaanka Muslim helay taageerayaashooda oo ku taal duleedka boqortooyadiisa weyn. Ifbixii ee Masar, Tunisia iyo Central Asia. dagaallo badan oo shaaca khasnaddii oo dalbaday in dareenka degdeg ah taliyaha. Khalifa inta badan u lahaa in ay si shakhsi ah u hoggaamiyo ololaha milatari. Inta lagu guda jiro Harun ka mid ah ololaha sida soo laabtay, in 809 sano, uu haleel by dhimasho. Waxaa la sheegay in erayada ugu dambeeyey ee Khaliifkii waxay ahaayeen: ". Dhiman, Dad Diintooda"