Ka hortag Soviet dhow Moscow. Ayaa ka hortag ah ee Battle of Moscow

In taariikhda waxaa jira waqtiyo aan la qori karo ama modified taariikhyahan lahayn. Daran ee dayrta ee 1941, markii hanjabay, u muuqatay adduunka oo dhan, waxaa jiray su'aal ah ee Dhawrista daacadnimada Midowga Soofiyeeti, wax badan oo dadaal ah ayaa la tuuraa on difaaca ee Moscow. Inkastoo xaaladda riwaayado, ciidamada saddex furimood December 5, 1941 bilaabay a counter-weerar oo ka mid ah ciidamada Soviet dhow Moscow. Laga soo bilaabo maalintaas wixii ka dambeeyey, si tartiib ah laakiinse hubaal isugu soo duulay faashistihii in soohdimaha galbeedka of our state. Laakiin sidaas ma u maleeyay in howlgalka in ay qabsadaan USSR ah by naasiga ah.

qorsheeyo Barbarossa

Summer 1941 ahaa naxdin leh, waayo, Midowga Soofiyeeti. June 22, ciidamada Nazi xadgudbay xadka gobolka iyo dhaqaaqay hawlaha weerar firfircoon. At qalbiga bilawga Jarmal u dhigo caanka Barbarossa qorshaha, ee ay soo Field Marshal Paulus. Waxa uu ku baaqay in ka hor ay si degdeg ah ciidamo Jarmal on qayb ka mid ah Yurub oo ka mid ah USSR, qabsashada magaalooyinka waaweyn oo dhan, oo ay ku jirto caasimada iyo Leningrad (sida ay u la malaysan karin in dagaalka ay ku Moscow noqon lahaa mid ka mid ah dhibcood ka leexdo in dagaalkan laga cabsado). highlight ee howlgalka Paulus rumeysan yahay qabashada Caucasus sida ugu dhakhsaha badan ee suurtogalka ah alaabta ceeriin. Ka dib oo dhan, kaydka Yurub shidaalka olole dheer Wehrmacht ma ku filan ayaa laga yaabaa.

Waa in la caddeeyo in istiraatiijiyada ugu muhiimsan ee qorshaha intaasu waxay ahayd ka hor aad si degdeg ah kooxaha taangiga awood in ay ahayd in crack difaaca Ciidanka Cas oo jaro ay halbowlayaasha gaadiidka sahayda. Waxaa loo maleeyey in lugta kaxaynta gaadhi Jarmal, in yar oo dheeraad ah si tartiib ah u guurto, baabbi'in doonaa haraadiga unugyada military Ciidanka Cas, kaas oo la weeraray taangiga yimid.

lugta ayaa amar ku bixiyay in la abuuro kululeeyaha-ka loo yaqaan, iyo sidoo kale in ay direen hey'adaha gargaarka in unugyada taangiga sahayda weerarka. Hawsha waxaa la aaminay in koox ka mid ah ciidanka "Center", hoos amarka Field Marshal Fedor von Bock. Waxay ka koobnayd Army 4 th iyo 9-aad, ay fuliyeen koox taangiga cover lugta ah, kaas oo la sameeyay ka 2aad iyo kooxaha taangiga 3aad. Tirada guud ee dagaal-diyaar kooxihii taangiga in kooxahan dhaafto 60. isutagga Air von Bock qariyeen 2aad Ciidamada Cirka Luftwaffe, tirintii ku saabsan 1680 diyaaradaha dagaalka.

geesinimo ee ilaalada xuduudka

Inkastoo suddenness qaraabo ah weerar, ka saacadood ugu horeysay ee Jarmalka waxaa na soo wajahay iska caabbin xoog leh oo ka soo ilaalada xuduudka Soviet, kuwaas oo, dabcan, aan dib u qaban ka duulay cufayo taangiga weerarka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, saacadaha inay adkaysatay dhawray difaaca (dhab la yaqaan in meelaha qaarkood, meelo ka mid ah iska caabin ah laga hirgalinaayo muddo bilo), oggol yahay qaar ka mid ah gargaarka ka xaaladda hadda musiibo of unugyada caadiga ah Soviet jihada galbeedka.

In si kale loo dhigo, ratio ee "waqti - khasaaraha" ka daqiiqo ee hore ee dagaalka bilaabeen in ay ka shaqeeyaan dhaliyay kooxda Jarmalka. Fikradahaan ayaa muujiyay in ay qorka ee qaar ka mid ah Jeneraaladii Jarmal ah Shaqaalaha Guud. Inkastoo guud ahaan waxay wax ka beddeli mayso status quo. Jarmalka ku adag tahay, laakiin weeraray, baabbi'innay ciidamada iyo qalab ka mid ah Ciidanka Cas. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, iyadoo ay isu soo gaaray khasaare culus.

Kor gudaha

War dhow Moscow in yaaliin kooxihii Army Group "Center", waxaa fuliyey xoog. Jarmal fuusto cufayo gaashaaman qabtay Xuduudda cusub iyo aad u badan, laakiin columns marar badan u fog dhammaatay isu qabtay bacaha dabka iyo gaadmada. Waxaa jira xaalado marka qibradiisa u diyaariyey gaadmo madaafiicdu ay burburiyeen mid ka mid dagaal iyo 20 taangiyada Jarmal.

Amarka Hitler ee ma bixin ay sheegayaan wararka naxdinta leh sida ka taliyayaasha uu dareenka. Waxa ay u muuqatay in guusha ee bacda. Dhibaatada ugu baahan difaacaneysa Army Red weli waa inaad buuxiso Fadilmo hawada ee naasiga ah. Armada Junkers barbareeyay dhulka ku magaaladii nabadda, iyo dagaalyahanada ma kibriyo xataa ugaarsadaan kooxo yar yar oo qaxooti ah.

diyaarad Soviet, meel u dhow xuduudaha ay u guuraan ilaa, ku dhawaad gabi ahaanba la burburiyay. Sidaas daraaddeed, dhowr todobaad cadowga dareemay quruxsan raaxo ah oo cirka jooga. Laakiin, inkastoo this, qaar ka mid ah dagaalyahanada weli duulay. Sida ay dhacdo hawlgalka dhulka, on 22 June Jarmalka khasaare ugu horeysay ee diyaaradaha. Oo August 7, ee Soviet duulista long-range falalka dhuftay weerarka bam first on Berlin.

Ujeedooyinka qodobkan ma waxaa ka mid ah kala iibsiga ee magacyada rag caan ah oo ciidan, kuwaas oo xoog daafaca, hoos u soo xirtay Jarmal mashiinka military on wadada magaalada, sidaas bixinta fursad si ay u diyaariyaan counterattack ah Ciidamada Soviet dhow Moscow. Magacyada jilayaasha, dabcan, ninna weligiis ma illoobi doono.

Operation "duufaanka"

Oo waxaan doonayaa in la ogaado waa la joogo in marka Wehrmacht ahaa kuwii hore u cabsi badan, iyo sida ay khubarada qaar ka mid ah, boogta weyn. Waxay ku saabsan tahay maalintii, markii Soviet counter-weerar ee Moscow. Waxa ay ahayd la qabtay ee caasimadda ah ee Adolf Hitler USSR ee lala guusha ugu weyn ee uu blitzkrieg.

Early on ee Shaqaalaha Guud ee Ciidamada Jarmal hawlgalka gaarka ah si ay u qabsadaan Moscow ayaa la soo saaray, kaas oo uu kasameeyo "duufaanka". Qorshaha ayaa waxaa kamid isticmaalka isku taangiga "cufayo". Saddex koox taangiga lama filaan ah loo qorsheeyay in ay kala qaybiyaan ee difaaca Soviet iyo jiho dhowr gaari Moscow, oo kaliya in ay u oggolaadaan ciidamada lugta ee ay si xor ah magaalada galaan.

dagaal daafaca dheer

ka hortag Day dhow Moscow weli fog, laakiin hawlgalka Nazi bilaabay on 30 September. Hareereeyeen Ciidamada Soviet galbeedka Vyazma, naasiga qorshaysan oo ay u halligmaan dhamaystiran. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, daafacyada magaaladuna wuxuu lahaa iska caabin ah oo kulul by jiidaya lugta ah oo ka mid ah Jarmalka, kaas oo ahaa in ay taageeraan kooxda taangiga horumarinta.

Iyo ugu muhiimsan, dagaallada muddada dheer ee Vyazma ogol yahay amarka Soviet in xooga la xoojiyo jihada Mozhayskoe kharash ku kaydka cusub. Halkan waxaa la ogaadaa in ay ahayd mid ka mid ah arimaha ugu muhiimsan ee nidaamka difaaca oo dhan, taas oo uu bixiyo bilowgii a counter-weerar ku dhow Moscow ahaa.

state of hareereeyo

On October 13, dhammaan goobaha, taasoo keentay in caasimadda, ayaa dagaal culus ka qarxay. Guddiga Difaaca State ayaa go'aan ka geeddiga ah qayb ka mid ah shirkadaha qaar ka mid ah iyo ergooyinka diblomaasiyadeed ee Moscow. The isla Sare Taliyaha Stalin diiday inuu ka tago Moscow.

On October 19, ku jira xaalad ah go'doominta waxaa ay ku soo rogeen. Kumanaan ka mid ah Muscovites buuxsameen qeybinta maleeshiyada qaranka, qodaya godod daafaca, rakibi caqabadaha UXO gaar ah. Isutagga Ciidamada Soviet at Vyazma by dadaal xad dhaaf ah u suurtagashay in ay soo baxaan, si weyn u qalasho waxay u taagay gadaal Jarmalka oo si weyn u xoojiyo qaab-dhismeedkoooda gaar ah qeybinta in difaacay caasimadda.

parade military

In qeybtii labaad ee October, Jarmalka weli in xawaaraha weerar, sii wadaan inay ku jeexjeexi Moscow. Waxay qaateen Orel, Kalinin oo waxay gaadhay habab si Tula. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, fikradda guud ee hawlgalka "duufaanka" waxa uu ahaa cad ka careysan. Naasiga ma ay awoodaan in ay ka hor qabow daran in lagu soo qabto Moscow.

Horraantii bishii November, markii Battle of Moscow on the "yaraadeen," Taliyaha Sare Stalin lahaa fikirka ah in la qabto dhoolatus military ee Moscow. Waxa ay ahayd mid aad u muhiim ah oo xigmad leh u dhaqaaqo siyaasadeed ee hoggaanka Soviet. Nov. 7 parade dhacay. Tirada dadka oo dhan Midowga Soofiyeeti ba'an adkaysato dhacdo sameeyey aragti weyn.

Askarta ayaa, kuwaas oo socod ku dabaaldega, arkay Stalin on rostrum ee Gorod ah. Waxaa caddaatay in dhammaan hore ee dagaalka ugu muhiim ah oo muhim ah, taas oo aan si xishoodo uga socday hoggaanka sare ee dalka iska. niyadda u adeegaya on hore ee Army Red ahaa unprecedentedly sare. Waxaan si ammaan ah u oran karaa in dagaalka ee Moscow, ka hortag Soviet iyo xorayn gobolka ka naasiga halkan bilaabay, on Red Square.

Transfer of ciidamada Bariga Fog

Intaa waxaa dheer, lama filaan ah oo aan fiicneyn, waayo, Shaqaalaha General Jarmal ahaa iibsiga degdeg ah ka kooxihii Bariga Fog, oo waxaa jiray si looga hortago weerarrada fashiistaha Midowga Japan ah. adeeg qarsoodi ah Soviet lahaa howlgal gaar ah oo ka mid ah kayihiin amarka Japan, si ciidamada cusub oo si fiican u hubaysan ayaa yimid si ay u taageeraan ka hortag ah Soviet dhow Moscow.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, amarka Jarmal, ma aan ogayn waxa ku saabsan oo ay sii wadaan si ay u horumariyaan guul hawl. Qaybo ka mid ah hore naasiga ah u suurtagashay in ay u timid inaad Moscow on 11 km. Laakiin inkastoo ciribtir ka awood badan oo ka tirsan ciidamada Red istaagay. Daalay dagaal unugyada Jarmal waayeen horey mar dambe.

tankeeda

Laga soo bilaabo 5 ilaa 6 December for Jarmalka weerar lama filaan ah oo ka mid ah ciidamada Soviet u dhow Moscow, iyo ciidamada Jarmal jabay ayaa dib u wado 150-200 km u jirta caasimadda. Khasaaraha gashay by Wehrmacht ee ilaa haatan aan la jabin karin ahaayeen wayn. shaqaale oo keliya la wada baabbi'iyey ka badan 500 oo kun oo qof. Ka hor ahaayeen dagaalo kulul oo dheer afar sano oo dagaal. Laakiin mashiinka military crack ugu horeysay ee Nazi Germany waxay lahayd ee Battle of Moscow.