History of Fikradaha Siyaasadda

Falanqaynta views casriga ah iyo classical on asalka ah ee siyaasadda ka caawisaa in ay si fiican u fahmaan content ee category this. Waxa kale oo kuu ogolaanaya in aad soo bandhigaan qaab-dhismeedka guud ee sayniska this sida adag a dhowr edbiyo.

Taariikhda fikirka siyaasadeed dib u dhaco si tixgelin hoose oo ku saabsan xiriirka ka dhexeeya taliye iyo keceen uu, u dhaxeeya gobolka iyo qofka. Badar shakhi sida waxaa la helay taasoo ah treatises ee qadiimiga ah Shiinaha, India iyo bariga. Laakiin cilmi badan taariikhda dhabta ah ee ku baraya siyaasadeed weli ku bilaabmaa falsafadda ah Aristotle iyo Plato.

Plato - ardayga ugu caansan ee Socrates, iyo macallinka dambe ee Aristotle. Waxa uu ahaa nin aad u aqoon, waayo, wakhtigaas, u abuuray uu dugsiga gaarka ah ee falsafada, ku qoray qaar ka mid ah shuqulladii. Uu kaalin ka qaato horumarka cilmiga siyaasadda waa in la abuuro fikrad koowaad ee gobolka (xitaa qaab lkn).

Plato iyo Aristotle aqoonsaday siyaasadda gobolka, iyo dhinaca siyaasadda si gudbikaraa oo ka mid ah xiriirka dadweynaha. xuduudaha adag taasi ay sabab u tahay horumar ah ee arrintan, la'aanta ah ee nidaamka xisbiyada badan, nidaamka doorashada, kala-soocidda awoodaha , iyo waxyaabo badan oo kale oo ka jira dunida maanta. Wadnaha ee model siyaasadeed ee Aristotle iyo Plato ahaa magaalada-polis. shacabkeeda si ay u qabtaan laba doorar isku mar, waxaa ka mid ahaa in bulshada reer magaalka sida qof gaar ah iyo waxaa si firfircoon uga qayb nolosha dadweynaha, ee nolosha dadweynaha. Politics aan uuraysatay si gooni gooni ah ka anshaxa. Ka dibna, habkan ayaa sii waday in ay xukumaan muddo ku dhow laba tobankii.

Taariikhda xiga ee ku baraya siyaasadeed ee la xidhiidha wareeg ah dareenka xiriirka faylosuufiinta gudahood gobolka, kuwa u dhexeeya dawladda iyo bulshada. Tani arrinta kaliya ee kala duwanaansho ay kala duwan, ka tirooyinka qarnigii tixgeliyo 17 19 sida Benedict Spinoza iyo Dzhon LOKK, Hegel iyo Karl Marx. Locke, tusaale ahaan, ahaa kii ugu horeeyay si ay u fahmaan gobolka, ma aha sida nooc ka mid ah dowladda, laakiin sida bulshada ka mid ah dadka, kuwaas oo loo abuuray si aad u dalbato in bulshada ay ahayd in ay weli tahay hantida gaarka loo leeyahay.

Qarnigii 18aad taariikhda ku baraya siyaasadeed kaabaya fikrado cusub, kaas oo keenay falsafo Faransiis Charles lui Monteske. In uu buugga "Ruuxii Sharciyada", ayuu tilmaamay in shuruudaha horumarinta gudbikaraa this saamayn ma aha oo kaliya bulshada, laakiin sidoo kale arrimo aan bulshada (juqraafi, dadka, cimilada iyo kuwa kale). Montesquieu soo jeediyay in xajmiga dhulka saameeyey by dabiiciga ah ee foomamka siyaasadeed. Tusaale ahaan, boqortooyadiisa waa in uu ku yaalaa aag weyn, waayo, boqortooyada xad celcelis ahaan, laakiin Jamhuuriyadda socon doono muddo dheer on yar yar ah, haddii kale kala dhici doonaan.

Taariikhda caqiidooyinka siyaasadeed ee 18-19 qarniyo waxa lagu gartaa isbeddel weyn ee aragtida maadooyinka ka qayb nolosha ka mid ah bulshada, xuduudaha ay waxqabad. Haddii hor jilayaasha ugu waaweyn waxay ahaayeen ciqaab iyo kuwii gobta ahaa, laakiin hadda, sarkhaansan yihiin fikradaha of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, nolosha bulshada iyo lug mass ee dadka caadiga ah.

Isla muddadaas ee Northern Europe iyo in qaar ka mid ah dalalka Yurub waxay ahaayeen xisbiyada siyaasadda ugu horeysay, ururada shaqaalaha, nidaamyada doorashada. dhacdooyinka intaas oo dhammu waxay ku abuureen shuruudaha ee casriga ah, hab cusub (laakiin aan caadi) in la fahmo qaab-dhismeedka bulshada.

In sano ee la soo dhaafay qarnigii 20aad ku guuldareystay aragti Markis, taas oo yaraynaysa siyaasadda in geedi socodka dhaqaalaha. Laakiin dhab ahaan, waxaa jiray oo kale. Sannad kasta, horumarinta, siyaasadda waxaa sii kordheysa ka danaha dhaqaale ee ay marti u dhaqaaqin, iyaga badalay saldhigyada post-materialist ee hawlaha bulshada. Waxaa jiray gaar ah si ay hantida, sharciga shaqaynta iyo horumarinta.

Ku dhawaad dhamaan noocyada hadda ee nolosha siyaasadeed tixgeliyaan fikirka siyaasadda Weber, oo iska soo horjeeda ee Marxism arrin. Waxa uu u meel ka mid ah xidhiidhka bulshada ee xukuumadda tixgeliyo, sababta oo ah qof kasta oo doonayo in ay leedahay ama ay u maareeyaan, ama lug laheyd ee geedi socodka.