Horumarinta Global web ama kuwa been abuurtay internetka?

In 50s dunida ahaa damacyo weyn oo ku saabsan dagaal u suurtoobaan USSR. America muuqatay invulnerable sababtoo ah halka ay juqraafi ahaan, waxay noqotay mid tahay khatar ah oo ku saabsan suurtagalnimada afka baarkiisa ah ee dagaalka. Mid ka mid ah dhinacyada ugu muhiimsan ee looga baahan yahay, waayo, military iyo saynisyahano ahaa in la abuuro shabakad ee is-dhaafsiga macluumaadka u dhexeeya unugyada iyo unugyada military, marka la eego tirada guud ee qaraxyadii.

Natiijada caqabado ayaa lagu baray ku salaysan heshiis by US Department of Difaaca in afarta ururada hoggaamineed ee arimahan. Ka jawaabaya su'aasha ah - "? Yaa abuurtay internetka" - u baahan tahay si ay u caddeeyaan waxa loola jeeday. Haddii aan ka hadlo awoowe ee internetka sida web caalami ah, waxa loo qaadan karaa aasaasayaasha saddex jaamacadaha (California, Utah, California) iyo Xarunta Cilmi-baarista ee Stenforte. Waxay ahayd ay ku abuuray "network miniGlobalnuyu" marka hore - ARPANET, 1957. Ujeeddada ugu weyn waxay ahayd waqti - isticmaalka shabakadda ururada daraasada kuwan.

dib Stepping xoogaa ka network ah, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la ogaado iyo kuwa been abuurtay computer ugu horeysay? Ka dib oo dhan, shabakadda wakhtigaas ahaa isku dhafka ah ee fiilooyinka culus-waajib, saldhigyada computer (lahaayeen dhinacyada weyn). In 1946, shirkadda soo saarta ENIAC hab adduunka ee ugu horeeyay ee computer electronic. Dabcan, aad maanta PC waa si weyn u kala duwan ka EMU ah, laakiin waxaa la qaadan dhow. Bishii Abriil 1964, IBM ayaa sii daayay serial (size weli cajiib ah) PC ah - System 60. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qof kasta oo aan og yahay in ka hal dhibic ka sharciga ah ee view, patent ugu horeysay ee a noocooda "universal" of computer ay heshay hindisa ah "intellektora" ka Omsk Gorokhov .

Haddaba sawirka badan yahay cad iyo in ay ka jawaabaan su'aasha ah - "Yaa abuurtay internetka" waxay noqon kartaa mid ka aragti ka duwan. September 1969 - University of California (Los Angeles) waxaa jira a horeysay ee taariikhda ee server ka. Mashiinka ayaa qirtay by Honeywell oo lahaa naqshada DP-516. Haddaba "aqoonyahanada" dadka isticmaala ay awoodaan in ay sameeyaan oo ay hayaan database dhexe noqon doonaa. Indeed, isku day in aad ka fekeri web hadda caalamiga ah ee server free - diri doonaa oo kaliya macaamiisha, khayraadka shakhsi iyo goobaha torrent.

Bishii October ee sanadkii la mid ah ee xafiiska California Univ isku dayaan in ay gudbiyaan on-line waxaa laga sameeyey. Falanqeeyayaasha ciyaaraha sida at computer kale jaamacadda si aad u daabacdo erayga "login". Oo xataa haddii ay yeeleen ma aha markii ugu horeysay, Weli way sii sameeyey. Haddii aan ka hadlo oo uu been abuurtay internetka on-line, waa taariikhdaas. adeegyada casriga ah iyo adeeg ahaan laheyd adag tahay in aan qiyaasi on-line. User ku dhacay, ayuu halkan iyo hadda u baahan yahay. Markaas maskaxda ugu weyn dunida maahin dhacay.

Laakiin waa waxa sida internetka wakhtigaas? Haddaba, ma aha su'aal la xiriira, True "Yaa abuurtay internetka?" - "waxa ay ahayd waxa ku jira?". Oo runtii ahaa mid aan wax badan. Maalmahan, network noocan oo kale ah waa dhif inay xiiso u user caadiga ah. Laakiinse dadkii way arkeen aragtiyaha iyo in ay fahmaan in wax kasta waxaa kaliya laga bilaabo. Kaliya ee 1971 waxaa jiray noocooda ah ee barnaamijka casriga ah ee diro e-mail. Dadka isla markiiba u mahad oo waxay bilaabeen inay ka qayb qaataan in network this.

ARPANET ayaa waxaa la daabacay 1973 on heerka caalamiga ah. Sannadkan, xidhiidhka ka koowaad ee kombiyuutarada ee UK iyo Norway. Tani waxaa suurtogal ka dhigay isticmaalka cable trans-Atlantic for khadadka telefoonka. Internet loo bedelay. Waxay bilaabeen in ay horumariyaan macaamiisha e-mail (Abuuridda of liistada boosta), waxaa jira looxaanta wararka iyo prototypes ee blogs news. Ganacsatada isla markiiba ogaaday in this waa kaygii oo dahab ah, oo waxay bilaabeen ma aha oo kaliya in la xiiseynaya arrin cusub, laakiin sidoo kale si ay u maal waxa ku jira.

Laakiin ARPANET ma socon nasasho dheer on guulaheenna uu. In 1984, dadka ayaa bilaabay in ay isticmaalaan kale - NSFNet. Tani dhismeedka mar-farcan shabakadaha jaamacadda ayaa sidoo kale bilaabay in ay sumcad helaan. abuuray Its - NSF Maraykanka, ayaa damcay inuu seego fursad iyo daawado sida tartamaya ay hesho aqoonsi caalami ah. In 1988, waxaa jira wax la mid ah inay chat casri ah. Dadka ayaa saadaalinaya dhacdooyinka mustaqbalka, magiciisu yahay "Internet". Laakiin si ay tartanka ku soo laabto. Internet iyo The Web Wide World - waa laba wax oo kala duwan. Laakiin hadda ma aha oo ku saabsan in. Dadka waxay ahayd ku haboon, ereyga "Internet" ka, sidaa darteed horyaalka ee halgan.

Shabakadda ayaa hadda weydiinaya su'aasha ah "Yaa abuurtay internetka?", waxaad ka heli kartaa magaca Tim Berners-Lee. Tani ma aha qalad, mar kale waa dhibic qaraabo of view. In 1989, taas barnaamijyada fiican ESYAI soo bandhigay fikradda ah "meel dadka ka dhaxaysa". A dhowr sano ka dib uu soo gudbin lahaa dunida HTTP, oo ku salaysan la abuuri doonaa HTML. Tani waa kala soocidda iyo isdaba url caadiga ah. Waxaa laga yaabaa in muuqaalka kore ee caadiga ah guud, kaas oo u ogolaanaya in aan la bedeli, iyo marsiiyey (diinta) maamuuska network kala duwan, oo run ahaantii waa in la tixgeliyaa dhalashadiisa oo ka mid ah "Internet caadiga ah".

Sannaddii th 90 of ARPANET gebi ahaanba iska daayeen inay shaqo, guulaheenna siinayo NSFNet. Maxaa qayb ka this - adag tahay in la fahmo. Laakiin taariikhda sidoo kale muujiyay, daqiiqado xiiso leh. Sidoo kale la soco call ugu horeysay on shabakadda sanadkan. In 1991, waxaa jira browser ugu horeysay adduunka ee "Muuse" shirkadda NCSA. Haddaba internetka ma aha oo kaliya la awoodi karo, laakiin sidoo kale la fahmi karo qof kasta. Taariikhda browser aad u badan tahay in la ogaado, kiis kasta - waa arrin gaar ah. Waxa ugu muhiimsan waa in dadka ay ahayd sida in loo baahan yahay in ay ku xidhmaan aad computer in World Wide Web xitaa ma tegey hadalka.

waxaa soo laabtay waxa qarsoon ee shirkadaha iyo waxyaabaha ay, waa xusid mudan in NSFNet galay jaamacadaha iyo gebi ahaanba la siiyey gacmaha shabakad bixiyayaasha gobolka galay. Internet ayaa noqday magac sax ah, iyo qaab-dhismeedka jideeyey by Gobolka.

Haddaba, Internet - waa nidaamka macluumaadka a, oo ficil ahaan ku noolaan karaa iyaga u gaar ah.