Slaam Masiibo "Columbia" February 1, 2003: sababaha, shaqaale

Qof walba waa ogyahay safarka in meel bannaan oo la xidhiidha khatar sare si ay nolosha. Plus caddeyn in uu yahay Slaam waayaha "Columbia". Laakiin, ka duwan dhacdooyinka kale ee la mid ah, dhacdadan naxdinta leh waxaa u sabab innuendoes gaar ahaan dad badan oo dahsoon. Aan weli eegno sida uu shilka dhacay Slaam "Columbia".

History of Slaam bannaan "Columbia"

Ka hor inta aadan iftiimin ilaa duulimaadka ugu dambeeyey ee iska daba-bannaan "Columbia", aynu si kooban u eegno taariikhda. Tani waxay noo saamaxaysaa in badan oo ku saabsan Gudigga musiibadii ku bartaan.
pride The karo Slaam bannaan "Columbia" waxay bilaabeen inay dhisaan oo qayb ka ah barnaamijka NASA ee 1975. shaqo ayaa la wakiishay 1979.

Waxaa xusid mudan in "Columbia" ahaa barnaamijkii ugu horreeyay pride Shuttle Space. Barnaamijkan waxa loogu talagalay safarka meel ay u isticmaalaan nooc cusub oo gaadiidka - ka shuttles bannaan, qaabka of taas oo ah mid aad u garabaka dhismeedka diyaaradda. Marka la barbardhigo ah pride hore jiilka of shuttles ma mid, laakiin wax badan oo ka mid ah safarada meel dhigi karin. Ka hor this, saynisyahano NASA ayaa bilaabay qalabka fasalka la mid ah barnaamijka "Enterprise" in duulay gudahood xuduudaha jawi dhulka ee.

Loo yaqaan Slaam ah "Columbia" sharaf doonnida, oo wali qarnigii XVIII soo daahay, sahamiyey xeebta British Columbia.

Start qaaday Slaam ee 1981. Waxay ahayd duulimaadka ugu horeeya ee, taas oo ka dhigtay pride ee American ee 6 sanno ee ugu danbeysay. Tirada code soocidda NASA ayaa wuxuu soo gebagaboobaya-1 ayaa loo xilsaaray.

flight kasta xiga gudahood barnaamijka Space Shuttle lagu qoro tirada soo socota. duulimaadka ugu dambeeyey ee iska daba-bannaan "Columbia" sanadkii 2003, 28 th oo isku xiga, wuxuu lahaa tiro serial tirintii NASA gebagaboobaya-107.

design ee iska daba-bannaan ee "Columbia"

Sida kor ku xusan, iska daba-bannaan ee "Columbia", si kastaba ha ahaatee, sida dhammaan maraakiibta meel noocan ah, diyaaradda lahaa foom.

"Columbia" ahaa ka Slaam dambe ka dhigay, ka culus miisaanka iyo la'aanta ah ee module ah tabaneeyo kala duwan. Sidaas darteed, qalabka laga yaabaa in aan la isku xidhay si ay mid ah "Mir" station ama International Space Station.

Running in Slaam meesha bannaan ee la sameeyey by a Waxuun gantaal adag. Ka sokow pride dhabta ah iyo xawaaraha dvuhraketnogo ka mid ah design ee taangiga shidaalka aad volumetric la oxygen iyo hydrogen dareere ka buuxsamay. separation suunka Gantaal meel at sare ah 45 km iyo haanta shidaalka ah - at sare ah 113 km.

diyaarad gantaal Orbital leeyihiin dherer ah wax yar ka badan 37 m, Raven - oo ku saabsan 24 m, mass aan payload - 68.5 metrik.

Howlgalka soo gebagaboobaya-107

Gebagaboobaya-107 uu ahaa 2003 duulaan ku, dayuurada 113th ee Space Shuttle oo qayb ka ah barnaamijka meel Maraykanka iyo horyaalka 28aad ee iska daba-bannaan "Columbia".

Hadafka adag oo intaasu waxay ahayd duulaan dhawrid ku kala duwan Earth iyo tijaabo microgravity (Extended Duration Orbiter iyo Freestar). Shuttle "Columbia" (2003) lahaa module cilmi ah "SPACEHAB» (SPACEHAB), taas oo culays dheeraad ah. Sawirkan waxa uu u adeegaa si loo hubiyo in in-duulimaadka ee bannaan, cir waxaa qaadan karaan waa ka baxay daraasado kala duwan.

shaqaale

Haddaba aynu u ogaato waxa ku markabka gebagaboobaya-107. Waxay ka koobnayd todoba xubnood, shan nin iyo laba dumar ah. Lix ka mid ah xubnaha shaqaalaha markabka ay ahaayeen US muwaadiniinta, mid ka mid ah oo ka dhigan Israa'iil.

cir American Richard Sayga ahaa Taliyaha markabka. On waqti horyaalka waxa uu ahaa 45 sanno jir. Waayo, Sayga waxa uu ahaa horyaalka labaad. Isaga oo duulaan ugu horeysay meel ka dhacay 1999 oo qayb ka ah soo gebagaboobaya-96 howlgalka on Slaam bannaan ee "Discovery".

Ninka, sorokaodnoletny Uilyam Makkul, u adeegay sidii co-pilot. Waxa uu soo lahaa waayo-aragnimo dheer u adeega ee Navy Maraykanka. McCool ahayd ka qaybgale ugu da'da yaraa da'da duulimaadka.

cir American Devid Braun ahaa takhasus hawlgal. cir 46-sano jir ahaa ugu weynaa ka mid ah dalkiisa ku lug leh horyaalka. David Brown lahaa shahaado caafimaad, oo isna wuxuu u adeegay sidii dhakhtar. Sida cir hore ee David waxa uu ahaa horyaalka ugu horeysay galay meel.

laba iyo afartan American Indian-dhashay Kalpana Chawla ayaa hore u lahaa in ka badan ayay garbaha khibrad duulay bannaan. Waxay ka qayb-galay ka duulaan gebagaboobaya-87 ee 1997, on Slaam isla "Columbia", wixii ay u dhiman 2003. By habka, qaybta hore ee duulaan isla cosmonaut Yukreeniyaan Leonid Kadeniuk. Sayidka, Chawla noqotay gabadhii ugu horeysay ee ka soo jeedo dalka Hindiya (in kastoo aan muwaadin u dhashay India), kaas oo ka dhigay diyaarad meel. duulaan gebagaboobaya-107 boos injineer dayuurada ay lahayd.

Waayo, sorokatrehletnego American Michael Filippa Andersona waxa ay sidoo kale wuxuu ahaa horyaalka boos labaad. Waxa uu ka qayb duulaan ku soo gebagaboobaya-89 ka qaaday in 1998 on meel Slaam "Camal Fashay" ah oo ay la socdaan Ruush Salizhan Sharipov. Anderson lahaa degree injineernimada iyo ahaa pilot Ciidamada Cirka ee US, anigoo goor wanaagsan in taliyuhu uu Colonel. The gebagaboobaya-107 duulaan, wuxuuna ka mid ahaa taliyaha payload ah, in masuul ka tahay cilmi.

Lorel Klark ahaa labaad ee laba dumar ah kuwaas oo ka qayb qaatay in ay howlgalka gebagaboobaya-107. Waxay ahayd Civil American ah, oo iyana waxay ahayd 40 sano jir. Wuxuu ahaa dhakhtar by tababarka, laakiin waligiis ka qaybgalay ergooyinka meel. duulaan ay umuli lahayd waajibaadka ku takhasusay cilmi barasho xayawaan.

muwaadin Israeli Cilaan Ramon ayaa waxaa si gaar ah lagu marti ku takhasusay arrimaha dibadda NASA. On markii horyaalka uu ahaa 48 sano jir, in uu yahay, waxa uu ahaa xubin sare oo ka tirsan ugu markabka. Ramon lahaa takhasus waxbarasho ee injineernimada elektaroonik ah oo computer, oo ahaa pilot ee Air Force Israel. Waxa uu ahaa ugu horeeyay ee AMISOM meel uu, taas oo uu ku meel of payload ku kasbadeen, ie, oo ay la socdaan Michael Anderson ayaa ku lug lahaa cilmi. Intaa waxaa dheer, in diyaarad this of Cilaan Ramon mahad ahaa cir ugu horeeyay ee Israeli.

shaqaale ah intooda badan ay ahaayeen carruur.

bilow

Gebagaboobaya-107 duulaan ku bilaabatay in meel January 16, 2003 ka Kennedy Space Center ee Cape Canaveral, oo ku yaalla gobolka Maraykanka ee Florida. Number bilaabay suuf - 39-A.

Marka ka Slaam iska jiido piece of daahan kulaylka-qalabada. Waxa uu midi ka dusiyeen ilaalinta kulaylka ka tirsan garabka bidix ee qolof ah 'Colombia'. Laakiin khubarada NASA aan loo arkaa xaqiiqda shil halis ah in bartey beddeli karta qorshe duulimaad ama si gelin nolosha ka mid ah xubnaha shaqaalaha markabka halis. Laakiin ka dib, dhacdo taas waxaa loo arkaa mid ka mid ah qoraalkii ka mid ah sababaha musiibada.

diyaarad

Iyadoo qayb ka ah shaqaalaha dayuuradda oo dhan ula qabsanay hawlaha oo dhan, waxaa ka mid ah in ka badan 80 tijaabooyinka sayniska kala duwan. duulaan ayaa socday muddo 15 maalmood iyo 22 saacadood. Kani waa ereyga caadiga ah ee maraakiibta fasalka duulimaadka Slaam. Inta lagu jiro wakhtigan, "Columbia" ayaa 255 kacdoonkii ku wareegsan dhulka dherer guud ee 1.6 million km. duulimaadka Tani waxay ka dhacay agagaarka dhulka at sare ah 307 km.

February 1, 2003, ka dib markii fulinta dhammaan howlaha waqtiga loo qorsheeyay, Slaam bilaabay caga nidaamka.

musiibada

Sidee sameeyey this Slaam meel masiibo "Columbia"?

In 8 saacadood 10 daqiiqo, duulimaadka Eastern Time Central gacanta (DRM) ogolaanaya Slaam kooxda "Columbia" ugudub sare ee nidaamka degtey pride ah. Shan daqiiqo ka dib engine la bilaabay nidaamka Marba orbital, oo waa ku arzaaqnayna wax keebka. Ka dib markii nus saac kale "DC" waa in dhulka jawi.

At 8:48 of shidma garabka bidix u ilaalisaa kordhinta waxqabadka kaamerada aan caadi ahayn loogu talagalay orod kuwan. Laakiin xogta wixii sabab, oo aan lagu wareejiyay MCC ama in uu soo bandhigo computer ku-guddiga. isha keliya ka kaasoo aan hadda ognahay ku saabsan korodhka ee heerkulka waa "sanduuqa madow."

At 8:53 by Slaam bilaabaan inay ka dhaco burburka. Oo kaliya PCOS dareemayaal daqiiqadii muujiyeen isbedel aan caadi ahayn in xuduudaha. Muddo markii la joogaba agagaarka goobjoogayaasha "Columbia" ayuu yiri widhwidha iftiin dhalaalaya oo.

At 8:58 doonnida ka dhaceen dusiyeen ningax kaamerada. At 8:59 gooyay kulan ee la soo dhaafay la taliyaha Slaam meesha bannaan ee. At 9:00 "Columbia" Samada waxaa gooni ka dhicin. At 09:05 dhacay daadanaya Slaam in ay dhul on dhulka ee gobolka Texas ee dalka Maraykanka.

Halkan waxaa ku qoran sida liiska gaaban dhacdooyinka oo culminates la iska daba-waayaha "Columbia". In musiibadan, mid ka mid ahaa xubnaha shaqaalaha markabka uu fursad u lahayn in ay u noolaadaan.

ka dib markii ay musiibo dhacdo,

Ka dib markii uu shilka ka, marka la eego guud ahaan suurto gal ahayd in la qiimeeyo baaxadda dhacdada, February 1, 2003 at 11:00 am calamada oo dhan la hoos geliyey Center Space ah. saacado ka dib markii laba iyo badh ayaa waxaa soo raaca dhawaaqay rasmiga ah ee shilka. Slaam bannaan "Columbia" musiibo noqday sabab u raadinaya Madaxweynaha Maraykanka George W. Bush oo ay Qaranka at 13:05 isla maalintaas. Waxa uu qoysaska dhibanayaasha muujiyay tacsi, iyo sidoo kale ku aamaanay in geesinimo ah xubnaha shaqaalaha markabka.

Isla markii uu shilka ka bilaabay raadinta hadhaagii markabka. Rasmi ah, in ka badan 500 oo qof ka qeyb qaatay iyaga oo ku. search ayaa waxaa adag by xaqiiqada ah in qayb ka mid ah Slaam way ka kala firdheen ee meel caddaalad ah oo waaweyn, oo daboolaya dalalka of Texas, Louisiana, California, Arizona Waxaa la helay oo ku saabsan 12,000 jajabkii. Gaar ahaan, waxaa laga dhex helay qalab oo beddelaya sanduuqa madow.

The hadhaagii meydadkii markabka la helay.

Baaritaan lagu sameeyo sababaha keena iyo gunaanad

Markii hore loo arkaa dhowr sababaha shilka, laakiin waxaa macquul ah oo weerar argaggixiso ah ayaa waxaa isla markiiba meesha ka saaray, maxaa yeelay, farsamo ahaan waxay ahayd ku dhowaad aan macquul ahayn in la sameeyo. In kasta oo isku mar ah oo ku saabsan internetka xitaa version ah loo qaybiyey, shil Slaam ka dhacay ay sabab u hordhaca ah ee virus computer ah in nidaamka Slaam ah. Laakiin version tani biyo ma qaban.

In koorsada of baaritaanka baaritaanka diiday saddex qeybood, hore ka mid ah xudunta u ah. On mid ka mid ah, burburkii ay sabab u ahayd "gabow" ee dhismaha Slaam ah. Sida laga soo xigtay version kale, sababta shilka uu ahaa mid aad uga yacday ilaa iyo fiiqan-galo Slaam ah. On saddexaad - musiibada ka dhacay iyadoo ay sabab u failure ee nadaamka joojinta ah. Laakiin, sida kor ku xusan, iyadoo waqti sababo kala duwan, fikrado, kuwaas oo u diiday.

Waxaa jiray laba qeybood oo ugu muhiimsan. On mid ka mid ah shil ka dhacay sababtoo ah waxyeello ku daahan dahaaridda kaamerada, kaas oo ka badan ka dhacay bilowgii Slaam meesha bannaan ee. Sida laga soo xigtay termopokrytiya labaad dhaawaca uu ka dhacay meel bannaan oo ay sabab u tahay meteorite soo dhacaysa.

In wax soo saarka ugu dambeeya, taas oo loo akhriyo ee August 2003, si uu shilka dhacay ay sabab u failure ee garabka bidix ee Slaam la gaasas cas-kulul daalaeday galay saabka ay sabab u tahay dhaawac madhxiya.

saamaynta

Cawaaqib xumada ugu weyn ee masiibada ahaa xoogga weyn oo ku saabsan ammaanka shaqaalaha saartay pride NASA iyo shaqaalaha iyaga on. ra'yigaa ayaa si gaar ah u tilmaamay faahfaahsan ee dhamaadka 2008 warbixin gaar ah NASA.

Slaam Masiibo "Columbia" musiibo Slaam bannaan "tartame" 1986, iyo sidoo kale dhibaatooyin badan oo inta lagu guda jiro duulimaad ku xiga lagu qasbay NASA ee 2011 si ay u xakamayso barnaamijka Space Shuttle.

xusuusta

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xusuusta reer geesiyaal cir, oo waxay ahaayeen xubno ka mid ah shaqaalaha markabka ee Slaam ah, wuxuu ku nool yahay ilaa maantadan la joogo.

Mid ka mid ah askartii oo dhagax weyn Swiss sanadkii 2005 la sii daayay song in uu ahaa ka go'an in ay masiibo this. Oo laba sano ka hor in xisbiga caan band British Deep Purple diiwaan song-daahirinteeda, qoondeeyey assignee gablamiyey qolooyinka reer cir.

Sidoo kale in sharaf of Slaam bannaan ee waxaa loo magacaabay mid ka mid ah supercomputers, taas oo loo isticmaalayo in NASA - Columbia. Mid ka mid ah danbow ee Mount Kit Carson ee Colorado Columbia Point ayaa loo magacaabay.

masiibo taasoo la micno ah

Slaam Masiibo "Columbia" wuxuu ahaa isku mar arrin muhiim ah in bulshada American. Waxay muujiyeen unreliability ee duulimaadka Slaam iyo nidaamka oo dhan, kuwaas oo ah waqtiga ay NASA loo isticmaalo.

Waxaa musiibo oo intaasu waxay ahayd mid ka mid ah sababaha ay sabab u tahay taas oo su'aal ayaa la sara kiciyey oo ku saabsan xiritaanka barnaamijka Space Shuttle.