Kalinin Anatoliy Veniaminovich, qoraa Ruush Soviet iyo Abwaan: Biography, hal-abuurka

Kalinin Anatoly - Qoraaga Soviet, Abwaan iyo essayist. Wuxuu waxaa la gudoonsiiyey Nobel Gorky ah, oo la siiyay tiro ka mid ah bilado iyo abaalmarino, ka mid ah oo kala ah: Order of Lenin, World heerka War aan, Revolution October ee, Red Star, Friendship Dadka iyo Red shaqada Banner. 20 sano, isna wuxuu u adeegay sidii ku xigeen ee Soviet Sare ee Russia. The nolosha iyo shaqada ninkan cajiib ah oo aan ka hadli doonaa maqaalka.

Biography

Anatoly Kalinin (kuwaas oo Biography waxa hadda loo naga by) waxa uu ku dhashay 1916, 22 August. ku dhashay ee qoraaga mustaqbalka ahaa tuulada Kamensky (gobolka Rostov), kaas oo hadda noqday magaalada Kamensk-Shakhtinskiy. Halkan, on Don ah, ku qaatay inuu carruurnimada iyo dhalinyarada qoraaga mustaqbalka. Aabbaha Anatoly Veniaminovich ahaa ka Novocherkassk Cossacks iyo shaqeeyay macalin dugsiga miyiga, iyo hooyadiis ahayd Cossack Kamenka ah.

Awoowe Kalinin Cossack heesta gabyeen ee kaniisadda, oo wuxuu lahaa oo cod aad u wanaagsan. Wuxuuna xusayaa uu carruurnimada, qoraaga, ma qiyaasi kartaa iyada oo aan uu awoowe gabay.

Kalinin welwelsan tahay in erayga "Cossack" in uu carruurnimada aan la onkodeen. Qoraagu wuxuu yahay mid aad u walwalsan tahay nooleenta ee dhaqanka Cossack iyo habka nolosha. Oo markii, intii lagu jiray Dagaalkii ka Great Patriotic, Stalin soo saaray amar ah oo ku saabsan dhismaha jidhka Cossacks Don ah, Kalinin ogaaday in Cossacks ka bilaabay in ay cusboonaysiiyaan. At la ruxruxo, waxa uu daabacay 1943 maqaal cinwaankiisu yahay "Don Cossacks".

daabacaadan ugu horeysay

Kalinin Anatoliy Veniaminovich yeedhay Cossacks "xigtaa Russia", halka isagu ma uu kala qaybin Cossacks ah waxay isku "nereestrovyh" iyo "diiwaanka". Laakiin waxa ay noqon doontaa wax badan ka dib, laakiin haatan waxaa Kalinin aqbalo Horseedka ah. At da 'yar, uu mar hore bilaabay in ay qoraan maqaalo ku saabsan nolosha reer miyiga iyo beeraha wadareed ee Don ee daabacaadda wargeysyada "Runta Pioneer" iyo "dhaleen Lenin ee."

Sida dhallinyaro ah ee 1930, Kalinin oo ay la socdaan string shaqada u safray tuulooyinka iyo tuulooyinkoodii Don raad collectivization. Oo 1931, qoraa mustaqbalka noqday xubin ka mid ah Komsomol ah. Ka dib markii in, uu u shaqeeya wargeysyada gobolka iyo gobolka, Kuban ee Don, in Kabardino-Balkaria bilaabay.

Kalinin Anatoly noqday wariye ee 1935, "Komsomolskaya Pravda", taas oo iftiiminaya dhibaatooyinka Armenia, Kabardino-Balkaria, ee Ukraine, Don ah. Oo 1941, qoraa waxay tageen xagga hore sida weriye wargeyska tani waa - ugu of War Great Patriotic uu ku jabhada koonfurta qaatay.

novel First iyo dagaalkii ka Great Patriotic

Shaqada ugu weyn ee qoraaga ayaa la daabacay 1940. Waxa ay aheyd sheeko ah oo cinwaankeedu ahaa "tuulmo". In shaqo this, Kalinin Anatoly kolkhoz nov muujinayaa cidhifka Cossacks ah. Waxa uu ku qoray oo ku saabsan waxyaalaha ogaa tan iyo yaraantaadii: jidka Cossack nolosha, shaqada ridayeen, luqadda qaran.

Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalka, shaqsiyadaha ugu weyn ee ka shaqeeya Kalinin noqon gaysteen iyo beeralayda, kuwaas oo ku labisan dharka ciidamada, mar loo yaqaan dhulkooda hooyo. Wakhtigan, Kalinin diray in noocyo kala duwan oo maqaalo wargeyska ku saabsan dhacdooyinka ka dhacaya Rostov, Mozdok, Stalingrad. Iyo 1943 uu daabacay buug of maqaalo ah qoraaga xaq "Cossacks waa galbeed." Sheekada Military daabacay 1944 ee majaladda "New World" "In Koonfurta", iyo in 1945 - wax soo saarka ee "saaxiibo". Later, ku salaysan yihiin labadan sheekooyinka Kalinin abuuraa sheeko weyn oo ku saabsan geesinimo askarta Ruush - "Red Flag". Shaqada waxaa la daabacay 1951 ee Rostov.

mudada Subxigu

Markii dagaalkii Great Patriotic dhamaaday, Kalinin dhaqaaqay beeraha Don ah Puhlyakovsky. Halkan, qoraaga abuuraa taxane ah oo maqaalo ku saabsan deggan tuulooyinka Don Cossack :. "Moon Night", "Behind Left Behind kolkhoz", "xididdada Undying" iyo geesiyaal kale ee hawlahaas ka dib laga helay tixaha kale oo badan iyo sheekooyin Kalinin.

The "Xaq" sanadkii 1953, qoraaga daabacay shuqul "On heerka dhexe." Qormadani doodaysaa Kalinin si ammaan ah ku saabsan arrimaha hadda la xiriira horumarinta tuulada iyo style awoodda xisbiga. Qoraaga aadka u mahad shaqada iyo maqaalka xiga "Moon Night". Qoraagu wuxuu rumeysan yahay in ay u caawisay si loo xaqiijiyo sax ah oo ka mid ah mawduucyo loo doortay abuuray oo uu. maqaalo Kuwan waxaa si firfircoon uga jawaabtay iyo akhristayaasha - Kalinin badan oo warqado uga helay taageero in cinwaanka.

In 1962 Kalinin qoray sheeko ah "Reebay Zone", kaas oo kuu sharaxaya dhismaha ee canal Volga-Don. shaqo u kiciyo arrimaha soo socda: Waxbarashada ninka cusub ee ruuxii hadafyada communist; xukun dhacdooyinka iyo falalka waa in aanay noqon in bulshada hantiwadaag, qiimeynta waxa dhacaya marka la eego niyadiisa communist.

"Socoto"

Laakiin si ay sheeko this mahad caan ka Anatoly Kalinin. "Gypsy" - taasi waa shaqada in warkiisii qoraaga. novel waxaa la soo sameeyey noocyo kala duwan oo faahfaahin taariikh ahaaneed. image ee qof ugu weyn, socoto Budulai a kacay qoraa intii lagu jiray dagaalka, markii isbitaalka, wuxuu arkay indheynta ee Roma bandhigaysaa Order ee Star Cas waa mid ka mid ah taliyayaasha Cossack. Markaas Kalinin weli ma u maleeyay of qoraal sheeko ah, laakiin dhacdo uu xusuustay ee Meyeydaan. Markaas, markii uu unit ayaa la sii Socda hoos ku qoraa Yar Belozerka waxaan arkay jiido socoto jabay. Waxa uu dhawaan ogaaday in qof dumar ah oo yarkii buu soo qaaday, badbaadaha isaga. Oo ka dib markii dagaalka Kalinin Anatoly noolaa albaabka soo socda si ay u socoto-tumaal, kuwaas oo waxay lahayd walaal yar magacaabay Budulai.

Writer oo dhan hal-abuurka ay sii tixraac theme milatariga, daaha xidhiidhka ka dhexeeya dhacdooyinkii la soo dhaafay iyo waqtiga xaadirka ah. hawlahaas, marka lagu daro "socoto" waa tixaha "sanduuqa qalalan", "Point of No noqo", "Echo of War". fikrad aasaasiga ah ee dhinaca fikirka ah ee hawlahaas ku jirto nidaamka images of geesiyaal - qoraaga duwan dadka, abuuray by nidaamka Soviet, iyo kuwa Naftooda yihiin kuwa laxaadka la jecel yahay, waayo, Xoolo ama awood.

sano ee la soo dhaafay ee uu noloshiisa

In 1967, Kalinin Anatoliy Veniaminovich qoray sheeko ah "qayliya, dawanno!". shaqo ayaa waxaa ka go'an in arrimaha bilicsanaanta iyo moral oo ah qoyska iyo-dhaqashada ilmaha.

In suugaanta, Kalinin waxaa mar walba loo arko bedelka Sholokhov dhaqanka. Qoraagu wuxuu ahaa in heshiis la this, iyo xitaa sanadkii 1964 la sii daayay buug of maqaalo ku saabsan Sholokhov loo yaqaan "xagaaga Veshenskaya." Markaas, 1975, waxaa lagu daabacay sheeko cusub by qoraaga - "" Deggan qulqulka Time Don ah ". Oo ka 1982 in 1983 la daabacay shuqullada ururiyey ee Kalinin.

Writer dhintay sannadkii 2008, on June 12, meel baadiye ah Puhlyakovsky. Oo waxaa lagu aasay dayrka gurigiisa.

Aayadaha Kalinina Anatoliya Veniaminovicha

Poetry Kalinin ma aha sida si fiican u yaqaan sida uu tiraab. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qoraaga ayaa ku qoran dhowr gabayo iyo gabayo. Intaa waxaa dheer, naqshado uu qoraal sheeko ah oo ku saabsan Cossacks Don ee gabayada. Nasiib darro, fikrad la marna fuliyay.

gabayo Kalinina Anatoliya Veniaminovicha, sida uu tiraab, diiradda ku saabsan mawduucyo moral, hadafyada communist, iyo sidoo kale dagaalkii Great Patriotic. In uu khadadka gabay qoraaga dhiiri akhristayaasha aad qalbigaaga u raacdid, inaynu u noolaanno sida damiirka iyo in ay si sharaf leh u dhaqmaan. Badanaa isla aadanaha, sida ay Kalinin, waxay tahay awooddiisa ah inuu u adeego selflessly hooyo ah. theme ee damaacinimada, laga yaabee, ay maamushaa oo dhan shuqullada qoraaga.

"Budulai, oo ha sugin"

film Tani waa qalab of novel ah "socoto," ayaa la sii daayay sanadkii 1994. Agaasimaha wuxuu ahaa filimka Alexander Fenko. Toogashada ayaa ka dhacay tuulada iyo beerta Razdorskaya Kanygin (gobolka Rostov). Tani waa meesha uu ku dhashay iyo ku noolaa inta badan naftiisa uu Kalinin. Qoob iyo heesaha waxaa ciyaaray by jilayaasha ka socoto Tiyaatarka "Romen".

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ugu mini-taxanaha "The Island socoto" markii hore laga duubay, oo la sii daayay sanadkii 1993. Markaasaa kaliya sannad ka dib ku salaysan waxa Jaha rinjiyeynta "Budulai, oo ha sugin."

Doorka ugu muhiimsan ee filimka ciyaaray by Otar Megvinetuhutsesi. Sawirka sheegayaa sheekada socoto ah Budulai, kaasoo ku laabtay ee tuulada Don Cossack 10 sano oo xabsi ah ka dib.

Sayidka, nolol aad u xiiso badan iyo dhacdooyin badan ku noolaa Kalinin. Sida for shaqada qora, waa caan ah ilaa maantadan la joogo.