Khasaaraha dagaalkii labaad ee dunida. Dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka - taariikhda. War The Second World - lumay Midowga Soofiyeeti

Dhulkeenna ogaa badan oo dagaalo lagu hoobtay oo aad dagaallada. taariikhda oo dhammu ka koobnaa colaadaha internecine kala duwan. Laakiin oo kaliya khasaaraha aadanaha iyo wax lagu jiro dagaalkii labaad ee dunida qasbay aadanaha ah si ay u muujiyaan muhiimadda ay leedahay qof kasta noloshiisa. Kaliya ka dib markii dadku bilaabay inay ogaadaan sida ay u fududahay in Sagna gumaadka iyo waa ay adag tahay si ay u joojiyaan. dagaalkan ayaa muujisay quruumaha dunida oo, sida ay muhiimka u tahay, waayo dunida oo dhan oo dhan.

Qiimaha waxbarasho ee taariikhda qarnigii labaatanaad

jiilka ka yar mararka qaarkood ma fahmo faraqa u dhexeeya War Great Patriotic iyo dagaalkii labaad ee dunida. Taariikhda in sano ka dib markii ay qalin-jabinta, marar badan qori, si dadka da'da yar ma yihiin si xiiso kuwa dhacdooyinka fog. Inta badan, dadka kuwaas oo xitaa run ahaantii garan mayno kii ka qayb qaatay dhacdooyin kuwii iyo khasaaraha ee dagaalkii labaad ee dunida soo gaaray Dadka. Laakiin taariikhda dalka oo aan la illoobi karin. Haddii maanta si uu u daawado filimada American ah oo ku saabsan dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka, mid u malaynayso in oo kaliya in ay Ciidamada Maraykanka mahad suurto guushii ay ka gaareen Nazi Germany. Taasi waa sababta ay lagama maarmaan tahay in la keeno ka ab our yar doorka Midowga Soofiyeeti ee dhacdooyinkan murugo. Dhab ahaantii, khasaaraha ugu weyn ee dagaalkii labaad ee dunida waxaa soo gaaray dadka USSR.

Shuruudaha ka mid ah dagaalka ka geysteen

Colaadda hubaysan oo u dhexeeya ciidamada labada dunida iyo isbahaysi siyaasadeed, taas oo ahayd xasuuqii ugu weyn ee taariikhda aadanaha oo uu bilaabay 1. 09. 1939 (in la barbardhigo Patriotic War weyn, taas oo ka 22. 06. 1941 socday si 05. 8. 1945 g). Waxaa dhamaaday Sayidka 2. kaliya 09. 1945, dagaalkan socday muddo 6 sano. The sababaha isku dhaca this xoogaa. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah: dhibaatooyinka qoto dheer caalamka ee dhaqaalaha, siyaasadda dagaal ee dalalka qaarkood, saamaynta taban ee hadda waqtiga nidaamka Versailles-Washington.

Ka qaybgalayaashu waxay isku dhaca caalamka

In khilaafka this ilaa xad ka weyn ama ka yar, 62 dal ahaayeen lug. Markaasaa waxaa taas ay jirto xaqiiqda ah in waqtiga ee dunida waxaa jiray guud ahaan 73 waddan oo madax bannaan. Dagaallo culus oo ka dhacay on saddex qaaradood. dagaalo Naval ayaa la diriray in afarta badaha (Atlantic, Indian, Pacific iyo Arctic). Number of dalalka dagaallamaya bedelay dhowr jeer inta lagu jiro dagaalka. Qaar ka mid ah dalalka ku lugta leh colaadda firfircoon, halka qaar kalena ay si fudud qaab kasta si ay u caawiyaan sokeeye isbahaysiga ay (mishiino, qalabka, cuntada).

The isbahaysiga anti-Hitler

Markii hore, waxaa jiray 3 gobol ee isbahaysiga, Poland, France, United Kingdom. Tan waxa u sabab xaqiiqada ah in ay ahayd ka dib weerarradii lagu qaaday dalalka Germany waxay bilaabeen inay fuliyaan hawlgallo dagaal firfircoon gayiga dalalkaas. In 1941, intii lagu jiray dagaalka ayaa keentay in wadamada sida USSR, USA, China. Dheeraad ah, isbahaysiga by Australia, Norway, Canada, Nepal, Yugoslavia, Netherlands, Czechoslovakia, Greece, Belgium, New Zealand, Denmark, Luxembourg, Albania, Midowga ee Koonfur Afrika, San Marino iyo Turkey biiray. In mid ka mid degree ama sokeeye isbahaysi kale oo bir iyo dalalka sida Guatemala, Peru, Costa Rica, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Brazil, Panama, Mexico, Argentina, Honduras, Chile, Paraguay, Cuba, Ecuador, Venezuela, Uruguay, Nicaragua , Haiti, El Salvador, Bolivia. Waxay ku biiray Saudi Arabia, Itoobiya, Lubnaan, Liberia, Mongolia. Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalka, in isbahaysiga anti-Hitler ahaa biiray kuwa Mareykanka oo ay iska daayeen inay noqon sokeeye ee Germany. Iran Tani (tan iyo 1941), Ciraaq iyo Italy (tan iyo 1943), Bulgaria iyo Romania (1944), Finland iyo Hungary (1945).

Dagaalkii labaad ee dunida (sokeeye Jarmal)

On dhinaca garabka Nazi yihiin dalalka sida Germany, Japan, Slovakia, Croatia, Ciraaq iyo Iran (ilaa 1941), Finland, Bulgaria, Romania (ilaa 1944), Italy (ilaa 1943), Hungary (ilaa 1945), Thailand (Siam), Manchukuo. In qaar ka mid ah dhulalka la haysto isbahaysiga abuuray gobolka puppet ah, kuwaas oo ficil ahaan lahayn saamaynta in dagaallada saaxadda adduunka. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah: Jamhuuriyadda Talyaaniga Bulshada, Vichy France, Albania, Serbia, Inner Mongolia, Montenegro, Filibiin, Burma, Cambodia, Vietnam iyo Laos. On dhinaca garabka Nazi inta badan la diriray iyo ciidamada collaborationist kala duwan by tirada dadka dalalka deggan oo dagaallamaya. The ugu weyn ka mid ah ay ahaayeen Ron, ROA, SS Division by dadka ajnabiga ah (Yukreeniyaan, Belarus, Ruush, af Istooniyaan, Norway, Danish, 2 Belgian, Holland, Latvia, Bosnian, Albaaniyaan iyo Faransiis). Dhinaca cutubkan la diriray ciidankii iskaa wax u qabso ah dal dhexdhexaad ah sida Spain, Portugal iyo Sweden.

Cawaaqib xumada dagaalka

In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in ka badan sano dagaalkii labaad ee dunida dhowr jeer bedelay in lays masraxa caalamiga ah, natiijada waxay ahayd guul buuxda oo ka mid ah isbahaysiga la dagaalanka burcad-Hitler. (- UN soo gaabiyo) Ka dib markii this ururada ugu waaweyn ee caalamiga ah ee Qaramada Midoobay waxaa la abuuray. Natiijada guusha in dagaalkan uu ahaa xukun ah fikirka Nazi iyo ganaax Nazi inta ay socoto Nyurbergskogo. Ka dib dhammaadka colaadaha dunida si weyn hoos u dhacay kaalinta France iyo Britain ee siyaasadda dunida, iyo Maraykanka iyo Midowga Soofiyeeti noqday Kooxahan dhabta ah, dhexdoodana way isu qaybinaya dhexgalaan cusub oo saameyn. labada dal ee xerada kor loo dhigay la nidaamyada siyaasadeed baadinaayo soo horjeeda (shuuciyad iyo socialism). Ka dib dagaalkii labaad ee dunida oo dhan meeraha bilowday muddo Rayaale furayo.

dagaal

Germany, dagaalkii labaad ee dunida taas oo ahayd isku day ah in ay noqdaan dal awood keliya, horseeday dagaal mar shan qaybood:

• Western Europe, Denmark, Norway, Luxembourg, Belgium, Holland, UK, France.
• Mediterranean, Greece, Yugoslavia, Albania, Italy, Cyprus, Malta, Libya, Masar, North Africa, Lubnaan, Suuriya, Iran, Ciraaq.
• Bariga Yurub: USSR ah, Poland, Norway, Finland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Austria, Yugoslavia, Barents, Baltic Sea iyo Black.
• Africa: Itoobiya, Soomaaliya, Madagascar, Kenya, Sudan, Equatorial Africa.
• Pacific (oo ay iskaashanayaan Japan), China, Korea, South Sakhalin, Bariga Fog, Mongolia, Islands Kuril ah, Aleutian Islands, Hong Kong, Indochina, Islands Andaman ah, Burma, ala, Sarawak, Singapore, Gollandaskaya East xiray, Brunei, Papua New Guinea , Sabah, Papua, Guam, Solomon Islands, Hawaii, Philippines, Midway, Mariana iyo jasiiradaha kale oo badan Pacific.

The bilowgii iyo dhammaadka dagaalka

Guuldaradii ugu horeysay ee dagaalkii labaad ee dunida bilaabay inuu ordo ka duulaankii ciidamada Jarmal gayiga Poland. Hitler ayaa muddo dheer loo gogol xaadhayaa wax weerar lagu qaaday gobolka. 31. 08. 1939, sidaana waxa saxaafada Jarmal qabashada Idaacadda Polish military ee Gleiwitz (in kasta oo ay ahayd a tif dhirifka), sida ugu horreysa ee 4:00 am 1. 09. 1939 markab dagaal "Slesvig-Holsten" waxay bilaabeen inay bombard loo xoojin lahaa in Westerplatte (Poland). Wada jir ah ula ciidamada si mashquulin Slovakia Germany noqday dhul qof kale. France iyo Britain dalbaday in Hitler ee ka bixitaanka Ciidamada ka Poland, laakiinse wuu diiday. Horeba 09. 3. 1939 France, Australia, England, New Zealand dagaal Germany. Ka dibna waxay la soo biiray by Kanada, Newfoundland, Midowga ee Koonfur Afrika, Nepal. Sidaas si dhakhso ah ayaa bilaabay in ay helaan dardar hoobtay oo dagaalkii labaad ee dunida. USSR, in kastoo, oo waxay keeneen ah qasabka ku salaysan degdeg ah, si ay u 22. 06. 1941 oo aan dagaal Germany. In guga ee 1940 Ciidamada Hitler bilaabay shaqo ee Denmark, Norway, Belgium, Luxembourg iyo Holland. Dheeraad ah, ciidanka Jarmalka u tageen inay France. Bishii June 1940, dhinaca Hitler bilaabay in ay la dagaallamaan Italy. In guga ee 1941 , Nazi Germany si deg deg ah qabtay Greece iyo Yugoslavia. 22. 06. 1941 waxaa weeraray USSR. Dhinaca Jarmal ee colaadaha kuwanu waxay ahaayeen Romania, Finland, Hungary, Italy. In dhammaan hore Soviet-Jarmal, kor u dagaalantay si ay 70% dhammaan kooxihii Nazi firfircoon. guuldarada cadowga ee dagaalka ee Moscow jeexjeexay qorshaha Hitler faragelintii ee - "Blitzkrieg" (dagaal hillaac). Iyada oo ay taasi durba 1941, waxaa ka billaabay abuuridda oo ka mid ah isbahaysiga la dagaalanka burcad-Hitler. 7. 12. 1941 ka dib markii weerar Japan on Pearl Harbor galay dagaal iyo Maraykanka. ciidanka dalka muddo dheer ku dhibtooday cadaawayaashiisa kaliya ee Badweynta Pacific leh. Waxa loogu yeero labaad hore Great Britain iyo Maraykanka u balan qaaday in la furo xagaagii 1942. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, inkastoo ay dagaal ugu daran ee dhulka ee Midowga Soofiyeeti, Iskaashiyada isbahaysiga anti-Hitler ma aha mid aad gaabis ah in ay ka qaybqaataan hawlgallada dagaal ee Western Europe. Tan waxa u sabab xaqiiqada ah in Maraykanka iyo England sugayay attenuation guud ee USSR. Kaliya, markayse u caddaatay in Ciidamada Soviet si degdeg ah uu bilaabay in uu sii daayo dhulkooda ma aha oo kaliya, laakiin sidoo kale in Yurubta Bari, Xulafada ku degdegay inuu furo hore labaad. Oo waxay noqotay 6. 06. 1944 (2 sano ka dib taariikhda u yaboohay). Laga soo bilaabo in isbahaysiga Anglo-American ayaa damcay inuu ka ah ciidamada ugu horeeyay ee Jarmal xoreeyaan Europe. Inkastoo dadaalka ugu wanaagsan ee Xulafada, Army Soviet ugu horeysay degay Reichstag, halkaas oo wax tara oo ay calanka ka mid ah guul. Laakiin xitaa is dhiibin shuruud la'aan ah Germany, ayaa joojiyay dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka. Waayo, wakhtigu waa qaar ka mid ah colaad ku jiray Czechoslovakia. Sidoo kale in Pacific ku dhowaad ma joojiyaan dagaalka. Kaliya qaraxii ee Hiroshima magaalooyinka bambooyin qaaradda (08. 6. 1945) iyo Nagasaki (9. 08. 1945), by Maraykanka fuliyeen ka dib, boqor Japan ogaaday waxba tarayn ee iska caabin ah oo dheeraad ah. Waxaa weerarka ku dhintay 300 oo kun. Dadka rayidka ah. Tani khilaafka caalamiga ah lagu hoobtay dhamaaday kaliya 2. 09. 1945 Maanta Japan saxiixay qalab ah ee is dhiibin.

Dhibbanayaasha iskahorimaadka dunida

The khasaare baaxad weyn ugu horeysay ee dagaalkii labaad ee dunida soo gaaray dadka reer Poland. ciidanka dalka this ma hor istaagi karay koox xoog badan in wejiga ciidamada Jarmal. dagaalkan ayaa saameyn aan horay loo arag ku-aadmiga oo dhan. Dagaalka ayaa barbaro ku saabsan 80% ka mid ah dhammaan dadka ku nool dhulka wakhtigaas (in ka badan 1.7 billion. Pers.). falalka Military ka dhacay in ka badan 40 dal. 6 sano oo khilaafka adduunka ee ciidamada qalabka sida ee ciidammadooda oo dhan ayaa la abaabuli agagaarka 110 million. Pers. Sida laga soo xigtay khasaare aadanaha lacagta ugu danbeeyay ee Dadka ku saabsan 50 Million.. Isla mar ahaantaana hore lagu dilay 27 kaliya million. Pers. Inta kale ee dhibbanayaasha ay ahaayeen dad rayid ah. Inta badan nolosha aadanaha lumay dalalka sida USSR ah (27 milyan.), Germany (13 Million.), Poland (6 million.), Japan (2.5 million.), China (5 million.). Khasaare dalal kale ayna ahaayeen: Yugoslavia (1.7 million.), Italy, Romania, UK, Greece (0.4 million (0.5 million.) (0.5 million.) (0.4 million.). ), Hungary (0.43 million.), France (0.6 million.), USA (0.3 million.), New Zealand, Australia (40 mareegtan.), Belgium (88 mareegtan.), Africa (10 kun oo )., Canada (40 mareegtan.). The xeryaha fiirsashada Nazi in ka badan 11 million. Dadka ayaa la dilay.

Khasaaraha dagaalka ee caalamiga ah

Waxaa la yaab leh waxa khasaaraha keenay aadanaha dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka. History ka marag furaa in 4 trillion dollars, taas oo u baxay inuu kharashka ciidamada. Waxaan la diriray dalalka kharashka wax lagu tiriyaa ku saabsan 70% ka mid ah dakhliga qaranka. Wixii dhowr sano, warshadaha ee dalal badan ayaa si buuxda dib-u-oriented in wax soo saarka ee qalabka military. Sayidka, Maraykanka, USSR, United Kingdom iyo Germany intii lagu jiray dagaalka soo saaray in ka badan 600 kun oo dagaalka iyo gaadiidka diyaaradaha. Hubka ee World 6 sano waxa uu noqday wax ku ool ah oo dilaa ah. Maskaxda ugu cajiib ah dalalka ku dagaallamaya ayaa degan oo kaliya by uu horumar. hub badan oo cusub oo lagu qasbay in ay la yimaadaan dagaalkii labaad ee dunida. Haamaha ee Germany iyo Midowga Soviet waxaa si joogto ah la casriyeeyay dagaalka oo dhan. Xaaladdan oo kale, waxay abuurtaa mashiinada sii casri ah si ay cadowga baabbi'in. Tiradoodu kun. Sidaas darteed, kaliya baabuurta gaashaaman, taangiyo, qoryaha is-baasuuke ayaa lagu riday in ka badan 280 kun oo conveyors C dhirta military degay ka badan 1 milyan oo gogo 'madaafiic kala duwan ..; 5 million qoryaha .; 53 Mill. Qoryaha, carbines iyo qoryaha. baabba 'aad u weyn iyo burburinta kun oo magaalooyinka iyo degsiimooyinka kale keenay iyadoo dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka. taariikhda aadanaha iyada ayaa karay xaalad aad u kala duwan. Waxa uu jiido in ay horumarinta sababtoo ah iyada dalalka oo dhan oo sannado badan. Si aad u baabi'iyo saameynta colaadda ciidamada caalamiga ah ayaa ka tagay xaddi weyn oo lacag iyo qasbi malaayiin dad ah.

khasaaraha of USSR

Aad u qiimo sare lahaa in la bixiyo, in si deg deg ah ku dhamaaday dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka. khasaaraha Soviet lacag ku saabsan 27 million. Pers. (At soo dhaafay tirin 1990). Nasiib darro, si aad u hesho xog sax ah horey u badan tahay inuusan ku guulaysan, laakiin tiradaasi waa ugu run. Waxaa jira dhowr qiyaaso kala duwan oo ka mid ah khasaaraha of USSR. Sidaas darteed, loo arkaa dilay ama u dhintay dhaawacyo by nidaamka dambe oo ku saabsan 6.3 million.; 0.5 milyan oo dhimasho ah cudurada lagu xukumay dil lagu dilay shil .; 4.5 million. Maqan iyo dagaaalka. khasaaraha guud ee dadka ee Midowga Soofiyeeti dhigma in ka badan 26.6 million. Pers. Waxa intaa dheer in tiro badan oo ah dhibanayaasha ku jira colaadaan waxaa, Midowga Soofiyeeti khasaare dhaqaale weyn. Sida laga soo xigtay xisaabo ay ka dhigtay in ka badan 2.6 trillion. Xoq. Inta lagu jiro dagaalkii labaad ee dunida ayaa boqolaal qayb ahaan ama gabi ahaanba la burburiyay magaalooyinka. On dhulka dushiisa oo la tirtiro in ka badan 70 kun oo tuulooyinka. 32 000 shirkadaha warshadaha waaweyn ayaa gabi ahaanba la burburiyay. Waxaa ku dhowaad oo gebi ahaanba burburiyey beeraha, qayb ka mid ah Yurub ee USSR. On dib u dhiska ah ee dalka in ay ka hor-ku qaatay dhowr sano ka ah dadaal aad u weyn oo qiimaha weyn.