Novgorod in Moscow ku biiro. In waxa qarnigii ahayd xidhiidhka ka Great Novgorod in Moscow

In bartamihii qarnigii XV ah, hawsha ugu muhiimsan, kaas oo lahaa si ay ula qabsadaan Ivan III ee, waxaa LABAGEEDI OO in Moscow ee Veliky Novgorod. Laakiin isagu kuma uu jirin tartamaya kaliya ee dalka. xuquuqda ay u leeyihiin iyaga oo isku dayay in ay muujiyaan Grand Duchy reer Lithuania.

Bilowgii khilaafka

Waxaa qarsoon ma ahn in taariikhda Moscow ayaa had iyo jeer lagu xidhiidh dhow la Novgorod. Xididdada khilaafka ku noqo ee dagaalka dhulgoosadka kacday ka mid ah oo durriyadii Prince Dmitry Donskoy, kaas oo socday muddo dhowr sano ee kor - ka 1425 si ay u 1453.

Xisbiyada ugu weyn dagaallamaya ahaayeen Vasiliy Temny iyo Dmitry Shemyaka. Ka dib guuldaradii dagaalka ku waayo, xoog baa magangal ee la soo dhaafay in Novgorod. Vasily Dark ku guulaysteen in ay 1449 inay la soo wareegto qaali ah isu qandaraas la Lithuanian amiirka iyo boqorkii markaas Polish Casimir IV in dhinac kasta ma aqbali doono dhulkeeda soo horjeeda siyaasadda ee midba midka kale. Waxaa intaa dheer, Lithuania ayaa ogolaaday in ay hoos u dagaalan Novgorod. Ka dib markii 4 sano Basil iyadoo la kaashanayo dadka uu aamin sumoobay Shemyaka.

heshiis ah yazhelbitsy

Taariikhda Novgorod waxaa la ciiraya dagaalo lagu hoobtay. Mid ka mid ah ka dhacay 1456 magaalada la yiraahdo Ruz. Markaasaa ciidamada Moscow ay awoodaan in ay ku qaadan si sahal ah iyo ku dhawaad iyagoon wax iska caabin. Laakiin waxay ahayd markii ay weerareen awr Novgorod. Muscovites hoos imaanaya hoggaanka ay taliyihii iyo Striga Basenko dambeeya quruxsan baraf qariyey ku qarsoon. Markaasay waxay bilaabeen inay fallaadho ku jira rag Novgorod iyo fardahoodii toogan ma. Waxaa jiray daadsanaanta. Novgorod ayaa ku labisan hubka u culus, si ay ugu Dagaalami waydeen yaabaa on par leh Muscovites ah. Sidaas darteed, inta badan ee boyars ayaa la qabtay ama la dilay.

Sayidka, Moscow ayaa helay guul buuxda u Novgorod. Isla mar ahaantaana tirada ciidamada xisbiga hore ahaa 20 jeer ka yar labaad. wakhti ka mid ah Yazhelbitsy Vasiliy Temny dib markii qaaday safaaradda, madax ka Archbishop of Novgorod Euthymius II gol leeyahay in lagu soo gabagabayn heshiis nabadeed. Wada xaajoodka ka dib markii qaar ka mid ah, dhinacyada saxiixay heshiis laba geesood ah. Sida laga soo xigtay isaga si, kuwa khasaaray lahaa in ay bixiyaan guusha qaansiin ku filan oo waaweyn, gaadhaya 8 kun. Rubles. Laakiin ku biiro Novgorod in Moscow ma ay qaadan meel. Waxa uu ku hadhay madax banaan.

Xaaladda ka dib markii gabagabada ah ee nabadda

Taariikhda Novgorod, ayaa sheegay in 1136 uu noqday tiradda Republic ugu horeysay ku yaal soohdinta reer Kievan rus. Waxay u dhaqmeen in hay'ad dimuqraadi ah sida Rugta. Waxaa jiray ilaa dhacdooyinka taas oo horseeday in badhkood of Novgorod in Moscow. Laakiin, inkastoo tani, ma dhammaan muwaadiniinta waxay ahaayeen ay guushu ku madaxbannaanida dalkooda iyo intii raalliga ahayd si ay ula dagaalamaan waxa loogu talagalay.

Waxaa xusid mudan xaqiiqada ah in xuquuqda muwaadiniinta caadiga ah hab suubban inta badan aan ixtiraamo, iyo dadka saboolka ah, kaas oo ka koobnaa serfs, oo dhan ayaa la diiday, xaq u leedahay in la joogo in Chamber noqon. farqiga u dhaxeeya Taajirka iyo miskiinku ahaa mid aad u weyn, sidaas oo kale ayaa dadka caadiga ah ee Novgorod ma u xiiseynayey in ay la Moscow dagaalamaan xuquuqda boyars ah.

In 1460 Grand Duke Vasily in safaaradda si ay u Novgorod wada yimid. Laakiin waxay ahaayeen isaga ka gees ah iyo xitaa isku dayay inuu dilo isaga. Sidaas qarxay khilaaf kale, kaas oo lagu shati by Bishop Jonah, dadka Novgorod duulaankii Tataarka wada cabsiiyo la Muscovites ah.

3 sano kadib markii uu booqday Novgorod Prince of Moscow, Jamhuuriyadda diiday taageerada military Pskov, weydiiyo si ay u caawiyaan isaga caabiyaan weerarada ka mid ah Knights Livonian. Help ka Moscow yimid. Intaas ka dib Novgorod qaaday jagada si cad u colaadeed oo la tixgelinayo Pskov. Wakhtigan, waxa lagu xalin khilaafka siyaasadda xigmadda leh ee Prince Ivan III.

khilaafka cusub

Moscow iyo Grand Duchy reer Lithuania - Kooxaha waqtiga oo dhan Novgorod cadaadis joogto ah ka labada dal deriska ku filan awood ahaa. Boyars ahaayeen ogyahay in ay u dhawraan oo hanti ahaan doonaa suuragal ah keliya haddii ay dhacdo in isbahaysi la mid iyaga ka mid ah.

taariikhda dhibcood Moscow ee xaqiiqada ah in jahawareerka ka jira xiriir dalkii jiray Novgorod ah. Gobta ku dooday isbahaysiga la ah Duchy of Lithuania, maxaa yeelay, waxay la filayaa in ay sii haystaan mudnaanta oo dhan, halka muwaadiniinta caadiga ah oo ay taageerayaan Tsar Moscow ee, waayo, wejigiisa ayaa ay arkeen, gaar ahaan taliye Orthodox ah.

Sababaha dagaalka

munaasabadda, taas oo u adeegi jiray, waayo, tug ah ee May 1471 in Novgorod weyn, waxay ahaayeen xanta lagu eedeeyay muujinaya in inta badan oo ka mid ah boyars, madax duqa carmal Marfoy Boretskoy heshiis la dhinaca Lithuanian ah u saxiixay vassalage. taariikhyahanadu badan ayaa waxay aaminsan yihiin in wararka xanta ah kuwanu waxay ahaayeen sababta kaliya ee loo rabshadaha. Weli waxaa jira sidoo kale waa xaqiiqda ah in Novgorod la weydiiyey si uu u noqdo ku xigeenkiisa amiir Lithuanian. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxay dooneen si ay u abuuraan madax bannaan oo dheeraad ah ee Moscow, kiniisadda. Taasi waa sababta ololaha ka dhanka ah Novgorod heleen nooc ka mid ah dagaalka ka dhanka ah ka dih Gaalnimo iyo dib u soo celinta ee Faith Orthodox ah.

ololaha kale

Wakhtigan talaabada militari oo ka dhan Jamhuuriyadda madax ka Moscow Prince Daniel Kholmsk. waa waxaan idinku leeyahay in ay ahayd khatar badan, tan iyo guga sannaddaas istaagay baxay ilaa xad qabow, iyo tiro badan oo aan weli dhalaalay baraf si weyn u dhigi kari waayay ka hor ciidamada hore. Laakiin in dib loo dhigo xilli kari waayeen. Zolotaya Orda oo Grand Duchy reer Lithuania diyaar u ahayd inay u yimaadeen inay gargaarka ee Novgorod.

Oo wakhtigii hore ee xilli ciyaareedka waxaa jiray ku dhowaad oo aan lagu dagaalamin. ciidanka Moscow effortlessly qabsadeen magaalooyinka ee dalka, mid ka mid kale ka dib. Kaliya badhtamihii July-waxaa lagu qabtay dagaal Shelonskoy. On dagaalka, ciidanka isku raacay Novgorod, oo ka kooban 40 kun. Man, iyo ciidankiisii 12000th cadowga. Natiijada kama dambaysta ah ee dagaalka this go'aansatay in ay weerar xoog badan Moscow iyo awr. Liidata Novgorod abaabulan ma hor istaagi karay ciribtir sida.

2 todobaad kadib markii dagaal aan Shilonskoy, waxaa jiray dagaal kale oo u dhow Shilengi River. Waxa kale oo ku dhamaaday guul Muscovites ah. Markaas wadahadalada nabadda ee Korostyn bilaabay.

Cawaaqibka heshiis xabbad joojin ah

Sidaas darteed, Novgorod lahaa in ay ka tanaasulaan bacdi reer Polish-Lithuanian King Casimir IV. Intaa waxaa dheer, Khasaaray bixisay oo ku saabsan 15 kun rubles., Iyo in xaqiiqda la aqoonsan yahay sarraynta ee Moscow amiirka. Sidaas ololaha ee 1471 waxay ahayd in ka badan guul. Waxa uu cadeeyay in dadka caadiga ah ee Novgorod, in la barbardhigo boyars ah, ma doonayo in aan deriska ay la dagaalamaan.

Part of qaddar ee Republic ay horey u ahaa natiijadeeda la ah. Laakiin xidhiidhka ka final Novgorod in Moscow dhici doona oo kaliya ka dib 7 sano.

xilli ciyaareedkii hore

In guga ee 1477 ma aha safaaradda ugu horeysay Novgorod gaaray Moscow. Laakiin waxaa ka leexatay in ay La iima soo dirin vechem, oo cantoobo muggeed oo boyars. Waxay doonayeen aqoonsi degdeg ah oo kama dambays ah xukunka Moscow, in iyaga siin lahaa xaq u leeyahay inuu xajisto oo dhan dhulka iyo hantida. Tani waxaa la bartay in Novgorod. Chamber ee boyars yar pro-Moscow soo socda ayaa la dilay iyo taageerayaasha awoodda Lithuanian oo amiir u yimid. Laakiin xeerka ahaa muddo kooban ah.

Bishii Oktoobar 1477 waxay ahayd tug la soo dhaafay ee Jamhuuriyadda hoos imaanaya hoggaanka Ivan III. Wakhtigan, ciidanka Novgorod uma iman oo magaalada dibaddeeda ah. Bilaabay wadahadalo dheer. 2 bilood ka dib, Muscovites ayaa la Yimaadeen shuruudaha final. Waxay ka mid ah la baabiiyo of posts iyo joojinta Posad Chamber jiritaanka. Iyadoo labadan shuruudaha Novgorod ku heshiiyeen, laakiin doodaha ku saabsan ilaalinta ee gobta xaafadaha ay dib u. In dhamaadka, ay weli u lahaa in la siiyo Prince of keniisad Moscow iyo dalka Vladychna. At this wada xaajoodka la dhammeeyo. January 15 Moscow amiir iyo wefdigiisa, oo ay la socdaan maleeshiyada magaalada soo galay dagaal la'aan.

natiijooyinka

In taariikhda 1478 - sannadda goysiga ah Novgorod in Moscow. War ugu danbeyn waa in ka badan. Markan waxaa jiray dilal toogasho ah lahayn, laakiin Knights badan oo qoyska soo hijrooday Novgorod. oo iyaga ku dhex jiray oo Posadnitsa Marfa Boretskaya oo uu awow. Later, iyada waxaa tonsured Nuun a, iyo alaabteeda oo lala wareegay.

Marka Novgorod ahaa kuna lifaaqan Moscow, dalalkan oo dhan ku bilaabay si ay u maareeyaan 4 taliyaha, oo lahaa xaq u Wakiil ah wax badan oo keeni maxkamadaha. Ganacsiga, beeraha iyo warshadaha ayaa haatan la fuliyay ay gacanta ugu jiraan xukuumadda cusub.

hoggaanka subag iyo Rugta waxaa lagu reebay. Astaanta madaxbanaanida Novgorod ee - dawan shirkii - qaaday. Tan iyo markaas, wuxuu noqday magaalada sare, iyo lahaanshaha Muscovy kordhay ku dhowaad 2-laab. Sayidka dhamaatay sheekadii Veliky Novgorod sida jamhuuriyad, kaas oo socday muddo ka badan saddex qarniyo.