Kuwaas oo ahaa Copernicus? Nikolay Kopernik: Biography, furitaanka

Mid ka mid ah ma sheegi karo kuwa Copernicus ah. Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in ay tani tahay theorist ah, astronomer, bani, kuwaas oo ka 1473 ku noolaa ee 1543kii. Isagu waa abuuraha eedeeyay aragtida casriga of unit Planetary, sida ay rugta waa qorraxda. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ku saabsan nolosha iyo shaqada ay yihiin warbixin diidani in uusan ogolaan hal si ay uga jawaabaan su'aasha ah: "? Waa ayo Copernicus ka" Waxaa jira suurtagalnimada xoog leh in ay ahayd magac ah. Name of Copernicus, marka lagu daro, micnaheedu noqon karaa koox dhan oo hal berrinkii xiddigaha, kuwaas oo qarinaya isagoo ka baxsanayo cadaadis. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaan ku soo bandhigaynaa doonaa Biography rasmiga ah ee ninkii sayniska. Waad og yahay kan Copernicus, sida laga soo xigtay version ugu badan. Mararka qaarkood dhowr qeybood oo caan ah, ka dibna waxaan keeno dhammaan doonaa.

Taariikhda dhalashada, asalka ah ee Copernicus

Nikolay Kopernik, sida ay taariikhyahanadu Polish ah qarnigii 19aad, waxa uu ku dhashay 1473 in, 2 February. Dhacdadani waxa ka dhacay magaalada Prussian of Thorn (Torun oo casri ah, Poland). Sida laga soo xigtay xisaabo astrological of Galileo oo Kepler ee macallinka (M. Mestlina) wuxuu ku dhashay 4 h. 48 min. PM February 19, 1473 Waa taariikhdan soo socota ugu sayniska ee ilaha casriga ah.

Aabbaha saynisyahan waa samigiisa. Waxaa jira versions qaar badan oo kuwaas oo Sr. Copernicus iyo waxa uu sameynayo. Waxa uu ahaa ganacsade ama beeralay, ama dhakhtar, ama Brewer ah, ama wax dubi jiray. Ninkan ka Krakow in Torun yimid oo ku saabsan 1460. In Torun, aabbe u ahaa Nicholas noqday nin la ixtiraamo. Isna wuxuu u adeegay oo sannado badan qaadiga degmada doortay. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxa uu ahaa kii horyaalka sharafeedka Order ee Dominican "Walaalow si saddexaad" (Assistant adduunyo la xidhiidha sidan of suufiyadoodii).

Waa maxay macnaha magaca Copernicus?

Waxaan ma dhihi karo waxa ay tahay magaca Copernicus, laakiin taariikhyahanadu waxay rumaysan yihiin in awowayaashiin ugu Nicholas jir fog ahaayeen ganacsatada copper (copper ee Laatiin - "cuprum"). version kale - magaca ka yimaadaa magacyada tuulooyinka ku Silesia, isku magaca leh. Ajnabiga ay magacooda fennel sii kordhaysa ee u dhow ka heli (ee dill Polish - "koper '.) Si kastaba ha ahaatee, goobta saxda ah ee tuulooyinka, kuwaas oo aan la garanayn. taariikhyahanadu Polish waxay soo ogaadeen markii ugu horeysay magacan in dukumentiyada la xiriira Cracow 1367. Waxaa la og yahay in ka dib markii sidayna ay ahaayeen farsamo ee xirfadaha kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan - upkiisa, Mason, waardiye midiidinka gunsmith.

Masiirka ka mid ah qaraabada Nicholas

Nikolay Kopernik in Torun, Sr. guursaday Barbara Vatzenrode, gabadhii garsooraha guddoominaya. Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in guurka uu dhacay ka hor 1463 Afar carruur ah ayaa ku dhashay qoyska. Nikolai ahaa kii ugu yaraa oo ka mid ah.

In Poland maanta ayaa tilmaamaya gurigii ay sida la filayo ku dhashay Nikolay Kopernik, kuwaas oo Biography aan ku mashquulsan yihiin. dhismahan, sawirkan ka muuqda hoose, ee qarnigii 18aad, waxa ay noqotay shayga of set Xajka ee ulaha. Plaster iyo leben ka - Mala'igtu qaranka kaydiyaa matxafyada.

Carruurta qoyska of Copernicus bartay magaalada uu u dhashay, halkaas oo ay ka heleen waxbarasho wanaagsan. Andrew, walaalkiisii weynaa, oo ku dhashay ku dhawaad 1464, ku dhowaad meel kasta la socda Nicholas in uu dhintay (uu ku 1518 ama 1519 dhintay). Oo wuxuu isaga ka caawisay in wax barasho iyo shaqo diinta. In 1512, Andrew noqday xanuunsan baras leh, iyo dhowr sano ka dib uu u dhintay A. Copernicus. Si kooban u sheego qaddar ka mid ah walaalahaa, our geesi. First, Barbara, waxaa tonsured wadaad ah in Kulm. Waxay dhimatay oo ku saabsan 1517 Oo Catherine u tageen inay Krakow la ninkayga, baayacmushtari Bartolomayos Gertner. Kadib markii raad yahay kuwa lumaya. Oo waa maxay geesi, Nikolay Kopernik? Biography iyo daahfurtay in uu ku istaahilo in baadhitaan faahfaahsan. First, waxaan sheegi doonaa ah oo ku saabsan nolosha Nikolaya Kopernika, ka dibna - on guulaha ay.

Dhimashada waalidka, daryeelka Adeer

In 1483 aabbihiis dhintay qablamaya cudurka Nicholas (ineey cudurkii). Oo hooyadiis ayaa ku dhintay 1489. iyada dhimasho ka dib markii, qoysku waxay bilaabeen inay ka welwelina Luca Vatzenrode, hooyada walaalkiis (hoos ku sawiran). Wuxuu ahaa xeerkoodu ka mid ah Sheeko maxalliga ah, iyo muddo ka dib waxa ay noqotay hoggaamiyaha kiniisadda. Ninkan ayaa la sameeyay wakhtigaas. Wuxuu ahaa macallinka Jagiellonian University Krakow ee, iyo sidoo kale dhakhtar sharciga xeerkoodu jaamacad kale - Bologna.

walaalo Waxbarashada Nicholas iyo Andrew

Si dhakhso ah uu raacay raadkii of adeerkiis, Andrew iyo Nikolay Kopernik. Biography of our geesi tagaa on muddo dheer tababarka. Ka dib dhammaadka dugsiga magaalada ee (oo ku saabsan 1491), walaalaha tegey University Jagiellonian. Nicholas iyo Andrew doortay Kuliyada Liberal Arts. Dugsiga waxay ku biirtay aadanaha, waxa uu ku faafay waqtiga. jaamacad la sheegay inay xitaa ka badbaaday shahaado evidencing bixinta waxbarashada (waayo, 1491) by Nicolaus Copernicus. Lahaanshaha bartay 3 sano ee Laatiin, xiddigaha, xisaabta iyo sayniska kale, walaalaha go'aansaday inuu ka tago Krakow aan helo shahaado. Waxaa laga yaabaa in ay go'aan this sabab u ah xaqiiqada ah in jaamacadda ee 1494 ku guuleystay xisbiga waxbarashada, kuwaas oo xubnaha iska lahaa bahda ah Hungarian.

Brothers ay doortaan in ay meel Buzadag ah

Andrew iyo Nicholas ayaa loogu talagalay in ay sii wadaan waxbarashada ee Italy. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, adeerkiis, kaas oo wakhtigan ahaa Ermelandskim kiniisaddu ma ahaa waayo lacag dheeraad ah. Wuxuu kula taliyay adeerka uu qaadan Buzadag kuraasta (xubnaha Cutubka dawladda) ee mawduuca Sheeko isaga u si aad u hesho mushahar muhiimka u ah safarka fog iyo baadhitaan dibadda. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qorshahan waxaa la hirgeliyey mar - waxaa looga hortagi la'aanta ah ee shahaadooyinka oo walaalo ah. Waxaa ma caawin xataa bacdi xoog leh. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, walaalaha ee 1496 weli tegey tababarka qareenada ee University of Bologna. Waxay la doortay oo maqan on meel Buzadag 1487 in, iyadoo bixinta mushaaraadka, iyo sidoo kale fasax 3-sano ah sii waxbarashada.

Sii waxbarashada ee jaamacadda Bologna

The University of Bologna bartay oo keliya ma aha xaq, laakiin sidoo kale aqoonyahan ka mid ah xiddigaha Nikolay Kopernik. Biography isaga waqtigan by yaqaano Dominique Mariey Di Navar calaamadeeyay. Tani macallinka oo ka tirsan Jaamacadda Bologna, xiddigiye yaqaan ee wakhtigaas. Copernicus, kuwaas oo Biography la leydin karaa oo kaliya ku salaysan ilo aan toos ahayn in mustaqbalka haddii ay buugga sheegaye ku indha-indhaynta ah sumalka uguma, oo uu si wadajir ah lala macallinkiisa. The University of Bologna oo Nicholas bartay luqadda Giriigga, taas oo ahayd arrin ka mid ah humanists caan, si kastaba ha ahaatee, kicisaa shaki een oo ay aqoon Catholic. Ka sokow, wuxuu jeclaa rinjiyeynta - sawirka, taas oo loo arko inay nuqul by-Copernicus sawirka sameeyey badbaadin is.

Cashar ee Rome, daawo waxbarashada

oo walaalo ah ayaa bartay in Bologna 3 sano, mar kale aan helo shahaado. Sida laga soo xigtay taariikhyahan, si kooban Nikolay shaqeeyay sida macallinka xisaabta ee Rome, akhriska waqti isku mid ah iyo muxaadarooyin ah sumalka uguma Alexander VI Borgia, baadari ah, iyo sidoo kale cilmiga Talyaaniga. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, caddaymo ah ee view this kajirin.

Brothers in 1501 soo laabtay si kooban in Frauenburg, in boostada. Waxay doonayeen inay wax weydiiyaan, waayo, dib u dhac ah inay sii wataan waxbarashadooda. Ka dib waxaa la helo, walaalihiis u soo baxeen inay waxbarashada caafimaadka ee Jaamacadda Padua. Waxay halkaas ku sugnaa ilaa 1506, oo mar kale ma siiyaa dibloome. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in 1503, ayaa walaalihii waxay u gudbeen imtixaanka sida arday dibadda ah ee Jaamacadda Ferrara oo noqday dhakhtar sharciga.

Hoyashada, adeegga kiniisaddu

Kopernicki ee 1506 guriga ku soo laabtay ka dib markii qalin jebinta. Nicholas by waqti in mar hore uu ahaa 33 sano jir, iyo Andrew - 42. Waqtigaas, helaan shahaadada da'daas waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inay sida caadiga ah. Waxaa intaa dheer, saynisyahano badan oo la aqoonsan yahay in bulshada cilmiga ah (tusaale ahaan, G. Galilei), ma ay lahayn diblooma. Tani ma hortago oo dhan oo iyaga ka mid si aad u hesho kursi professorial.

Nikolay Kopernik, ka dib sannado badan oo adeeg ee xeerkoodu of Frombork noqday taliye in hoggaamiyaha kiniisaddu (adeerkiis), oo markaas ahaa ee Sheeko. Waxa uu ka caawiyay ina adeerkiis in la Order Teutonic ah, taasoo keentay in 1511 ay Albrecht von Hohenzollern, mustaqbalka uu khawaarij ah ula dagaalamaan. Nicholas oo ka caawiyay inay wadahadalo kula jirto Sigismund aan, Boqorka Poland, kuwaas oo ahaa adeer u ahaa Albrecht. Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in Luke Vattselrode doonayay in la sameeyo uu Nicholas. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma uu yeelan hawlaha iyo hamiga ku filan noocan oo kale ah hawlaha.

U soo guurista Fraenburg

Copernicus waqtigan bilaabay si ay u abuuraan aragti ah sumalka uguma. Bishii Febraayo 1512 Bishop Luke Vattselrode dhintay. Tan iyo waqti in uu dhamaado Copernicus sinecure. kursi ee hoggaamiyaha kiniisaddu qaadataa Fabian Losaynen, fasalka ka mid ah oo walaalo ah oo ka tirsan Jaamacadda Bologna. Nicolas leeyahay in uu ka tago Lidzbarga. Copernicus in Frauenburg, halkaas oo uu ka noqday xeerkoodu ah cathedral ku soo laabtay. Tideman Gize, uu taageere iyo saaxiib, ayaa noqonaya Chancellor of Sheeko ka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waajibaadka Nicholas ilaa uu aad u cuslaatay. Waxaa mas'uul ka ah arrimaha dhaqaalaha iyo ururinta canshuuraha. Ilaa waqtigan, walaalkiis Andaros xanuunsan baras leh oo go'aansado inuu ka tago Talyaaniga.

Copernicus noqday ogeysiiyo

Copernicus waxbarashadiisa ka sii watay ee xiddigaha. Sayniska keensataa warkiisii duurka this haddii dhamaadka qarnigii 15aad. muxaadarooyin uu aad ayaa loo jecel, waxay soo booqday by Alexander VI Borgia, iyo sidoo kale Nicholas da Vinci. Taariikhyahanadu tilmaamayaan in Pope Leo X ee 1514, ayaa sheegay in cilmiga ah, waxa uu u maleeyo dibuhabaynta taariikheed. Nikolay Kopernik bandhigay views uu warqad uu u diray Paul Middelburgskomu, curator of le'daan ah arrintan. Wuxuu kula taliyay qaar ka mid ah waqti in dib loo dhigo been abuurtay this, ilaa iyo inta uu ma buuxiso abuurka ah ee aragtida ah (kuwaas oo, kadis ah, Copernicus soo shaqeeyay 30 sano). Si kastaba ha ahaatee, caddaymo si ay u caddeeyaan qoraal ah, waxa aan la soo dajiyey.

Nikolaya Kopernika ee dayrta ee 1516 inay doortaan meel Tiedemann Giese. Wuxuu noqonayaa tababaraha reer sayidnimo koonfurta tirsan Sheeko reer Warmia. Oo Giza tan iyo wakhtigaas ayaa noqday kulmskogo kiniisaddu. Copernicus oo xidhiidh la leh magacaabista cusub u guuray 4 sano ee Olsztyn. Isaga halkan ayaa lagu qasbay in ay sameeyaan farsamada military - Teutonic Order Varma weerarka iyo qabashada qayb ka mid ah waxaa ka mid ah. Oo mar ay shubo xitaa joogitaanka ee Copernicus. Nicholas soo laabtay Frombork ee 1521, ka dib markii nabad lagu soo gabogabeeyey iyada oo Order Teutonic ah.

khuseeya The ugu horeysay, soo jeedinta dibuhabaynta lacagta

Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in uu ahaa markaas ayuu ka abuuray isaga oo khuseeya marka hore, xaq "comment yaryar '. shaqada waxa uu ogeysiiyey aragti kala duwan cidhiidhi ah. jeedinta Copernicus ee dibuhabaynta lacagta Prussia gudbiyo 1528. Waxay ahayd markaa in iyagii wuxuu dhex qotomiyey on cunto ah Elblag.

EEDEYNTA Copernicus

Warmia Bishop Ferber dhimasho ka dib, taas oo ka dhacay 1537 noqday Johann Dantisk bani ee hore iyo Ebikuriyiin. Waxa uu markii danbe noqday prude iyo retrograde, iyo sababta oo ah in sameeyey xirfadiisa diinta. Dad badan oo dhib iyo walbahaar Copernicus samatabbixiyey boqornimadiisa. Dantisk haddii Nicholas eedeeyay in wada-noolaanshaha kuwa sinaysta la Anna Schilling, nadiifiya guursan. Haweenay haddii amar gaar ah hoggaamiyaha kiniisaddu ka Frombork mamnuucay, sababtoo ah waa qof khatar ku sasabay "astronomer ku qadariyo".

sano ee la soo dhaafay ee uu noloshiisa, dhimashada

Waayo, Copernicus ee 1539 yimaado Retik AI inaad wax ka barato oo ay aragtida. Muddo ka dib, wuxuu ku daabacay buugga a kaas oo aragti cusub ayaa lagu soo bandhigay, ka dibna lagu daabacay buug iyo macallinkiisa.

Copernicus on 24 May dhintay, 1543kii wuxuu ku geeriyooday ka dib markii stroke iyo curyaannimo waxaa by qeybtii midig ee jidhka. In 1655 Pierre Gassendi qoray taariikh nololeedka, sida laga soo xigtay taas oo sii kordhaysa ee Copernicus gacanta qabow saaxiibbadiis dhigay asalka ah ee buug uu qoray. Nicholas, sida ay taariikhyahanadu casri ah, oo waxaa lagu aasay cathedral Fromborkskom ah (photo kor ku xusan waxa uu muujinayaa). In 1581 hore ee qabrigiisa ku rakiban huurada a la sawirka oo ag cathedral waa taallo in ay Nicholas.

Falimaha Rasuullada Nicholas

Copernicus la og yahay ugu horrayn sida aasaasihii aragtida ah heliocentric. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa uu tiriyey hawlo kale oo badan oo soo jireenka ah ee ah humanists hibada iyo aqoonta sare leh ee ka dambeeya waqtiga. Waxaan ku tilmaami ku daahfurtay ugu muhiimsan ee si kooban Copernicus.

Translation ka Greek

In 1509 Nicholas, oo la hadlay dhammaataan Greek, turjumay shaqada Latin 6 ama 7. BC. e. "Moral, warqado miyiga iyo jacaylka Feofilakta Simokatty, scholasticism." Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in abuuraha shaqada, kanu wuxuu ahaa taariikhyahan ee la soo dhaafay, kuwaas oo ay tilmaamaysaa dhaqan qadiimi ah. Nasiib darro, waxaa lama oga in turjumidda waxaa la daabacay, laakiin text waxaa ka mid ah waxaa loo yaqaan. Waxa xiiso leh, taariikhyahan u sheeg haddii warqadihiisa this waxaa ka buuxsamay diidan oo waxba cajiib ah oo iniinahoodu ku dhex ma aha dadka taariikheed iyo-awaalka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, this "arinku" iyo "lagu caajiso", "qashin" u bogi bartey Copernicus, Nicholas turjumaad waxyoonay. Shuqulkiisa, uu Nagi adeerkiis. Intaa waxaa dheer, dhaxla arrimaha Nicholas meel fog, oo shuqullo kale oo Theophylact Scholastica.

fasalada cartography

Oo ku yaala goobahan Copernicus tagay sumadda. Wuxuu u abuuray Eebe map a of Prussia, taasoo, nasiib daro, ma aysan ka badbaaday. Isticmaalka is-dhigay line parallax ee loo yaqaano gran, Nicholas ka go'an in ay gudahood 3 'loolka Frauenburga. Markaasuu ulihii, loo yaqaan "Trikvetra" maanta ee Jaamacadda Cracow. Sida laga soo xigtay taariikhyahan, goor dambe oo qarnigii 16aad. relic qaali this Ganov John, Bishop of Warmia, Tiho Brage dhex Elias Olai Tsimber, ardayga ee la soo dhaafay soo maray.

fasalo kale ee Copernicus

In maamulka dalka mudada Warmia ah (ka 1516 in 1520 sano) Nikolay Kopernik addoonsada Taliyaha shuqulkii, injineer milatari iyo maamulka. waxbarashada uu ka mid ah dhaqaalaha dadweynaha by dhamaadka 1520-ee. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxay qoraan in Nicholas ahaa dhakhtar caan ah, loola dhaqmo si lacag la'aan ah ku qabtaan iyo yaroow. The daahfurtay of Copernicus la sheegay in xitaa ka mid ah uu la alifay ee rooti ah.

"Commentariolus"

The saddex shuqullada bandhigay shuqullada ah sumalka uguma of Nikolaya Kopernika. Laba ka mid ah ayaa lagu daabacay kaliya ee qarnigii 19aad. Shaqada ugu horeysay - "comment Small ', taas oo soo bandhigay aragti ah Nicholas. Nuqul ka mid ah qoraaladii laga helay maktabadda barxadda Vienna ee 1877 ama 1878 A dhowr sano ka dib, in 1881 ah, ayaa laga helay by buugga isla diiwaanada Copernicus. Waxay ka kooban tahay 16 pages oo waxaa laga helay Jaamacadda Uppsala, in uu maktabadda. Mararka qaarkood, si kastaba ha ahaatee, sheegay in laga helay Stockholm.

"Message of Copernicus ka dhanka ah Werner" iyo "On kacaanka dhinacyo samaawi ah ee"

"Letter ka dhanka ah Werner Copernicus" - ee maqaalka markii Nicholas labaad ee xiddigaha. Tani waa warqaddiisii uu u Bernard Wapowski, Raktarka ah cathedral Krakow ee. Shuqulku waa laab xiiso leh maadaama ay soo bandhigaysaa sababaynta taariikh ah qoraaga, kuwaas oo ku salaysan falanqaynta ee horusocodka ah xiddigaha sida ay ilo Dr Makumbe oo qadiimi ah. In 1543kii waxaa la daabacay buugga ugu weyn ee Copernicus 'On kacaanka dhinacyo jannada ". Place ee daabacaadan ee shaqadan ayaa tilmaamaya in Regensburg, Nuremberg ah. Waxaa ku jira natiijada indhaynta qoraaga, iyo sidoo kale buugga a of 1025 xiddigaha, si shakhsi ah iyaga ka kooban.

aragti Copernican

The fikradaha cilmiga this ahaayeen kuwo aad u dhiirran ay waqti. dunida Copernican waa aadu uuga duwan aragtida guud aqbalay ee ka horreeyay iyo saffarro. Nicholas Tawrced geocentric nidaamka dunida, kaas oo abuuray by Blotemigii. Waqtigaas in ay ahayd inuu u dhaqaaqo geesi, tan iyo model this ayaa dhif ah la warsan. Waxaa ay taageerayaan aad saameynta waqtiga of Church Catholic ah. Sida laga soo xigtay iyada si, xarunta caalamka oo dhan waa Earth iyo Sun, gudbikaraa oo ka mid ah xiddigaha iyo meerayaasha go'an oo dhan iilan ku wareegsan. nidaamka Heliocentric of Copernicus aasaas u arkayo view this. Qubarada badankooda ayaa aaminsan dhulka, sida meerayaasha kale soc qorraxda. Nicholas sheegay in dhaqdhaqaaqa samada ah in aan arko inta lagu jiro maalinta ah - tani waa natiijo ah oo dhaqdhaqaaq ah ee caalamka ku wareegsan dhidibka. The daahfurtay of Copernicus soo bandhigay inay ku shaqada "On kacaanka dhinacyo samaawi ah", oo la baahiyay sanadkii uu dhintay. Book in 1616 laga mamnuucay Church Catholic ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, fikrado cusub si joogto ah ay si xoog ah. helitaanka, by Nicholas dhigay, dar dar geliyay awood leh in ay sayniska. saynisyahano badan oo ka dibna soo jeestay isaga.

Sidaas daraaddeed, waxaan ka soo baxay Biography ah iyo furitaanka kooban Nikolaya Kopernika. Sida aad qiyaasi kartaa, jiro shahaado qaar ka mid ah itimaalka in xaqiiqooyin qaar ka mid ah naftiisa waa run. Cilinta Biography dadka ina hor ku noolaa, waxay had iyo jeer waa ay adag tahay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa aannu isku daynay in ay soo bandhigaan macluumaadka ku badan tahay oo ku saabsan nin kale Copernicus. Biography iyo daahfurtay in uu wali ku xiran yihiin ee waxbarasho by taariikhyahan. Waxaa laga yaabaa in muddo ah ka dib markii ay awoodaan si ay u helaan macluumaad dheeraad ah oo sax noqon doona.