London Stock Exchange, taariikhda abuurka

The London Stock Exchange waa ugu da'da weyn ee Europe ee jira. Waxaa intaas dheer, ayay caan ku tahay internationality, waayo, waxaa ka mid ah 340 shirkadood oo ka 60 dal, 2004 data. In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in ay jiraan 21 ka badan ee suuqa UK, ugu caansan weli London. waxaa On waanu kuu sheegi doonaa in this article.

Qaab-dhismeedka

The London Stock Exchange waxay leedahay saddex suuqyada waaweyn: rasmiga ah, securities unregistered iyo maalgelin kale.

• Suuqa rasmiga ah. qeybta ugu weyn waxaa loogu talagalay shirkadood oo leh taariikh gaar ah iyo jiritaan ee magaalada la taaban karo. Waxay leedahay laba kooxihii: shirkadaha caalamiga ah iyo kuwa maxalliga ah.
• Liistada ku jirin suuqa securities. Waxaa muuqatay in 1980 si ay u bixiyaan adeegyada shirkadaha yaryar. Nasiib darro, tijaabo ahaa failure ah, iyo sababta oo ah hantidooda ugu yar yahay bilowga ah ee 90s ee suuqa la joojiyay.
• Suuqa Investment Alternative. Waxaa kacay bartamihii 1995-for dayactirka ah ee shirkadaha yar yar. Waxaa ka mid ah musharaxiinta cusub ma ku xiran yihiin shuruudaha gaarka ah marka la eego taariikhda ugu yar ee shirkadda iyo tirada saamiyada hore u la gelin wareegga. Waxaa sidoo kale hoos shuruudaha size ee caasimada ugu yar. Laakiin libaraaliyadda 1997 ayaa macnaheedu yahay in Stock Exchange London ku adkeeyay qurbaan xeerarka.

story

Tan iyo bilowgii keenidda qarnigii 16aad ee securities qaadeen dukaamada qaxwada ama wadooyinka. In 1566 wuxuu ka yimid Holland Thomas Gresham soo jeediyey in la dhiso qol gooni ah ujeeddooyinkan. Wuxuu sheegay in uu samayn doono ay kharash u gaar ah, laakiin dalbaday in dadka maxalliga ah iyo kuwa dowladda si loo helo meel ku haboon. On xaddiga lacagta la soo ururiyay ee 3500 size pound waxaa la iibsaday by gabal saxda ah ee dalka. In 1570, furitaanka of Exchange Royal ah.

Exchange cusub

Nasiib darro, Fire Great ee London u baabbi'iyey, iyo dhismaha cusub ee loo dhisay oo keliya ee 1669. Sidoo kale, gallery la soo abaabulay, oo ka kooban 200 kursi kirada. In qaybta hoose ee dhismaha, waxaa loo keenay alaabo ku kaydsan. In 1698, dilaaliinta soo hijrooday dhismaha anshaxa sharka stock exchange ah (faraxumaynta iyo sanqadh). guriga kafeega "Jonathan" ayaa loo xushay gorgortan iyo gorgortanka. Markaasaa waxaa liiska qiimaha ugu horeysay ee securities. Ka dib 50 sano, dukaan kafeega ah, "Jonathan," noqnoqda qaddar ee is-dhaafsiga stock ugu horeysay - waa gubay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, kooxda martida ah soo celiyay ay dhismaha u gaar ah. In 1773, u dhow qaxwaha dilaaliinta dhisay dhismo cusub, waxaa loogu magac daray "New Jonathan" (oo goor danbe magaca la badalaa "Exchange Stock").

Exchange ee qarnigii 20-

Dagaalkii Adduunka si weyn u wiiqay suuqyada stock Yurub. London Stock Exchange xidhay yar oo ugu dambaysa, oo sannad ka dib (1915) ayaa shaqadiisa dib. toogan Guutada mutadawiciin ah, waxaa la sameeyay si loo xaqiijiyo amaanka. Guud ahaan, waxaa jiray 400 oo qof. Mid ka mid ah afar dhintay dagaalka. Si sannadihii 60-th tirada hawlaha iyo shaqaalaha si balaariyay in jihada is-dhaafsiga, waxaa la go'aamiyay in la dhiso dhisme 26 dabaq cusub. dhismaha ayaa socday 12 sano, iyo in 1972 xarunta cusub nafteeda u furay ka Queen of England.

Sanadkii 1987, on sarrifka saamiyada maray transformations waaweyn. The ugu weyn ka mid ah kuwan waa: turjumaad jirka ee ganacsiga elektarooniga ah (nidaamka SEAQ), la baabiiyo guddiga xadka ugu hooseeya, stock exchange xubnaha ogolaansho in la isu geeyo hawlaha Somailand iyo dealer. Thanks to dilaaliinta nidaamka SEAQ elektaroonik ah ma lahayn si ay u tagaan gym ee xaraashka. Waxay u qaban karaa in uu xafiiska.

By dhamaadka 1997, Stock Exchange London ka soo xigtay si buuxda u wareegeen format electronic. nidaamka ganacsi Computer SETS kordhay xawaaraha macaamilada iyo waxqabadka guud ahaan.

Biraha LSE-ferrous

Waxaa la aasaasay intii lagu jiray Industrial Revolution ee 1877. Haddaba London Stock Exchange ka Biraha non-ferrous waa xarun ganacsi oo Yurub ugu muhiimsan. Waxay ka yimaadeen meel fog ka ugu fudud in ay ka (oo markaas iyo mustaqbalka) xawaalad. All tani waxay u oggolaanaysaa macaamiisha iyo soo saarayaasha biraha warshadaha inay ku damiyaan khasaaraha iyo deyr halis marka qiimaha Sabuul. Waxaad samayn kartaa xawaalad fursadaha, heshiisyada mustaqbalkooda iyo alaabta lacagta caddaanka ah.

Exchange waxa uu ku yaalaa dhismaha gaboobay Planteyshn House oo weli xajisto badan oo ka mid ah dhaqanka ee la soo dhaafay. qolka qalliinka la sameeyo in qaabka goobada in qeexayaa "xubin wareeg ah" ee ganacsatada. Inkastoo dhalashada ee nidaamada elektaroonigga ah, macaamilka waxaa weli ku lifaaqan by qaylo. Sidoo kale, ka hadlay qiimaha iyo biraha. London Stock Exchange on Planteyshn House uu leeyahay "luqadda dhegoolaha ee calaamadaha" gaar ah, kaas oo dilaaliinta isticmaalaan inta lagu jiro rush ma in ay isku daraan in la siiyo oo aad hesho amar.

suuqa dahabka

Waxa kale oo jira biraha qaali ah, oo xagga farsamada Stock Exchange London - dahab. Waxa uu had iyo jeer istaagtay meel keliya. Si ay u fuliyaan ganacsiga qol gaar ah wada wakiilada shan shirkadood. Taasoo keentay guddoomiyaha dalab, iyo "Shan" ayaa doonaya inuu soo gabagabeeyo xawaalad. Ka dib oo dhan ansixinta iyo ogolaanshaha ku dhawaaqay qiimo go'an, taas oo la soo gabagabeeyey doonaa iyo heshiiska. By nidaamka la mid ah ku iibsaday iyo copper iibiyey. The London Birta Exchange, sida xaqiiqada ah waa mid ka mid ah hay'adaha maaliyadeed British ugu caansan. Laakiin waxaa jira saddex hay'adaha yihiin xusid mudan si gooni gooni ah.

London Oil Exchange

Ka hor 1970, suuqa tamarta ayaa arrin deggan. Laakiin sabab u ah cunaqabateynta saliidda (1973-1974 GG.), Aasaasidda OPEC iyo dagaalkii Carabta-Israel, soo saarayaasha oo saliid ayaa laga badiyay gacanta qiimaha. Sidaa darteed, in ay 80s hore. International Petroleum Exchange la aasaasay London. Sababta ugu weyn ee ay muuqaalka - Degenaansho kordhay qiimaha shidaalka. A meesha aan caadiga ahayn sharxayaa korodhka mugga ee wax soo saarka saliidda badda woqooyi.

Exchange bixisaa fursadaha ku saabsan sida loo unleaded shidaalka, saliidda gaasta, saliidda cayriin, iyo heshiisyada mustaqbalkooda. Its feature ugu muhiimsan - awood u leh inay is dhaafsadaan meel suuqa lacagta caddaanka ah ee booska mustaqbalkooda ku shardi ah in is-dhaafsiga meel saacadaha aan ganacsi. The feature labaad - a ay mudo dheer (20:15). shirqool noocan oo kale ah oo u ogolaanaya dilaaliinta in lagu gabagabeeyo heshiis la heshiisiin USA.

British Exchange Options iyo Futures

Markii hore, oo waxay lahayd horyaalka ah oo aad u kala duwan: The London baayacmushtarka Exchange. Hay'addani waa a taagayo badeecadaha suuqa iyo soo saarka beeraha ee boqortooyada Ingiriiska. Dabcan, marka la eego mugga iyo size, waa si weyn u liita dhiggooda shisheeye (tus, Stock Exchange Chicago), laakiin ma aha mid looga hortago in ay fuliyaan qeyb weyn oo xawaalad Europe.

sarrifka Tani yimid bartamihii qarnigii 20-ku saleysan "ururada terminal", kaas oo la sameeyay mustaqbalkooda xawaalad guud ahaan khadadka wax soo saarka badan. Later, ayay nuugo ku dhowaad dhammaan suuqyada maxaliga ah, iyo xitaa qayb qaatay suuqyada oo ka mid ah asxaabta Baltic (taagayo on xamuulka markab iyo baradho). Qiimaha on the London Stock Exchange Options iyo Futures arrin faa'iido. Waxaad geli kari xawaalad labadaba caadiga ah (oo shaciir ah, oo sarreen ah, hilibka doofaarka iyo wixii la mid ah.), Oo waxyaabaha gumeysiga (iminka faaruq ah, sonkorta, kafeega).

International Exchange Options iyo Futures

In Britain, waxaa jira fursado suuqa kala gooni ah, laakiin waxa ay inta badan la shaqeeyaa Sweden. Macaamilada on tiro balaadhan oo ah hantida qabtay Exchange Caalamiga ah Options iyo Futures.

Ilaa 1992, xawaalad, kuwaas oo lug ku leh qolka qalliinka ee Stock Exchange London ka. Markaas waxaa loo wareejiyay dhisme on Cannon Street. Inta badan oo ka mid ah wax soo saarka ee sarrifka this la xiriira silsilado iyo alaabtii credit, Dhadig, qaar ka mid ah dhaqdhaqaaqyadii ugu mustaqbalka heshiisyada on saamiyada.

At International Exchange si firfircoon kaga baayacmushtari index ah stock British markeliya 100. Its feature muhiim u tahay awood u leh inay labada fursadaha Yurub iyo Maraykan ku shaqeeyaan. Illaa dhowaan, waxay lahayd xaaladda suuqyada ugu fiican Yurub ee shuruudaha farsamo ee qalabka.

fursado is-dhaafsiga caalamiga ah iyo mustaqbalkooda waa xuddun ee suuqa UK ee alaabtii derivative iyo bixisaa heer sare ah hantidooda loogu talagalay bonds Japanese,, Maraykanka Germany iyo Italy. Laakiin, in la barbardhigo hay'adaha American, waxa aanu la xiriirta heshiiska ku taagayo lacagta ka qabtaan.

Marka is-dhaafsiga bilaabay kulan aan rasmi ahayn ee meelo ka mid ah dhaqdhaqaaqyadii ugu hayo. Hadda waxay noqon hay'adaha maaliyadeed rasmi ah, macaamiisha bixiya tiro balaadhan oo ah adeegyo kala duwan. Sida nidaamka dejinta muuqday xeerar adag oo adag in la yareeyo khatarta ka qaybgalayaasha.

Inta badan lays waydaarsadaa waxa British weli ma keeni faa'iido la taaban karo. Ay deyn ku eg tahay damaanad caadiga ah (oo mararka qaarkood foomka of securities). Nadiifinta hawlaha hay'adaha ku hawlan guri laga London. Waa this iyo bixisaa damaanad ah Khasnadda caymiska. Dhamaadkii 2000, ay size ahaa 150 million pounds.

gunaanad

Haddaba Stock Exchange London ka mid ah shan hay'adaha ugu weyn ee noociisa ah ee dunida waa. saamiyada jira ayaa ku baayacmushtaray 300 shirkadaha ka 60 dal. Haddii aan ka fiirsan shirkadaha Ruush, baahida ugu weyn waa waraaqaha ee "Lukoil", "Gazprom" iyo "Rosneft". Tan iyo 2005, on sarrifka saamiyada ku bilaaban doono Ganacsi fursadaha iyo mustaqbalkooda on index RTS ah.