Looxa acid. guryaha Kiimikada. codsiga

Looxa acid - waa mid ka mid ah wakiilada ugu fudud ee acids carboxylic monobasic roodhida. Its formula waa sida soo socota: CH2 = CH-COOH. Waa dareere ah midab isagoo ur af badan oo xun. L. biyo, chloroform, khamriga preservative iyo ethanol, guuraan dheeraad ah si ay u sameeyaan polymerized polyacrylic acid. In acid ee looxa leeyahay magacyo kale: etenkarbonovaya acid iyo propenoic acid.

Sidee si aad u hesho (ama synthesize) looxa acid?

1. Waqtiga xaadirka ah, looxa acid waxaa soo saaray lagu qayilo uumiga wajiga of propylene la oxygen (O2) si molybdenum, bismuth ama Cobalt Xoojiya. Tusaale waxaa ah falcelinta soo socda:

CH2 = CH-CH3 (propylene) + O2 (oxygen) = = CH2 CH-COOH (looxa acid)

2. In la soo dhaafay, loo isticmaalay dareen-celin taas oo carbon monoxide waxaa jawaabay II (CO), alxamaad (SN≡SN) iyo biyo (H2O). reaction kiimikada doono waqti isku mid ah waa sida soo socota:

SN≡SN (alxamaad) + CO (carbon monoxide II) + H2O (oo biyo ah) → CH2 = CH-COOH (acid looxa).

Isticmaalka kale oo formaldehyde jawaabay ketene:

CH2 = C = O (ketene) + H2C = O (formaldehyde) → CH2 = CH-COOH (acid propenoic).

3. Hadda by Rohm iyo Haas abuuraa etenkarbonovoy technology Avv acid gaar ah ka propane.

guryaha kiimikada ee looxa acid

Waxaa loo tixgeliyaa noo acid waxay sameyn karaan cusbada, esters, anhydrides, amides, chlorides acid, iyo xarumaha kale ee. Sidoo kale waxa ay geli kari falcelin dheeraad ah, mid caan ku ah carbons ethylene ah. Biyaha habboon, acids protonic iyo NH3 ma dhacdaa by xukunka Markovnikov ah. In this foomka ku taagayo bedelay oo dhanba. Looxa acid ku lug leh ereygu Diene ah. Sidoo kale aruurshey la kala duwan cusbada diazonium aryl. Marka cindiga ultraviolet ah, u yeela acid ah polyacrylic.

Isticmaalka kiloty looxa

- isticmaalaa qalab dihin ee soo saaridda of kala duwan ee wax soo saarka polymer la kiimikada iyo jirka guryaha kala duwan (tus, balaastigga iyo blaastiigga);

- waxaa loo isticmaalaa wax soo saarka ee dispersions aqueous of rinjiga looxa; diidanyihiin ee aagga codsiga of rinjiga sida ku xirnaan doontaa sifooyinka kiimikada ee acetate ah - rinjiyeynta final baabuurta iyo saqafka in la rinjiyeeyay,

- looxa acid iyo taagayo ay waxaa loo isticmaalaa in la abuuro dahaadhida oo ka mid ah maqaarka iyo unugyada in emulsions in rinjiga, qalab dihin for masaxado looxa iyo macdantaa looxa, adhesives dhismaha, iyo isku dhan; esters metaakrilovoy iyo acid looxa (ethers sida caadiga ah loo isticmaalo, methacrylate methyl iyo acrylate methyl) loo isticmaalo wax soo saarka ee polymers,

- Qaybo ka mid ah acid ee looxa waxaa loo isticmaalaa in la abuuro of superabsorbents.

kaydinta habboon ee looxa acid

Marka kaydinta maalka si looga fogaado inhibitor polymerization lagu daray - hydroquinone. Ka hor inta la isticmaalayo acid waa in ay soo degayaa si taxadir leh, maadaama ay tahay horumarka ay suurtagal tahay polymerization explosively.

Ammaanka in la isticmaalo

Marka la looxa acid shaqeeya qaadan waa in xisaabta lagu darsado in maalkiisu waa diiqayo in maqaarka iyo xub-axaleedka. Gaynta irritant acid waa 0.04 mg / litir. Ka dib markii xiriir la xuub-axaleedka of bu'da, sida caadiga ah, waxaa keena gubashada corneal daran, waxay keeni kartaa in isbedel laga bogsoon (magdhow, ma daweyn karo). Neefsado uumi acid looxa waxay keeni kartaa madax xanuun, cuncun of mareenka-mareenka, oo xaddi badan - horumarinta barar sambabada. Meelaha shaqada waxaa lagu fuliyaa la looxa acid, waxay u baahan tahay gacanta joogta ah hawada. MPC acid tani waa 5 mg / metr³. tallaabooyin lagu sugayo ammaanka waa in la eegayaa marka la taagayo kale ka shaqeeya. Tusaale ahaan waa acrylonitrile.