Macrolides. Qoondaynta (semi-dardaro, dabiiciga ah iyo azalides)

giraanta lactone Macrocyclic - waa sal-dhismeedka kiimikada ah kooxda antibiotics macrolides. kala soocidda waxay ku lug-soociddiisa at 14, 15 iyo 16-membered. antibiotics Kuwan waxaa loo arkaa in ay sun ku yaraan.

Macrolides. Qoondaynta by nooc ka soo jeedo

macrolides Dabiiciga ah:

Macrolide "erythromycin" - taasi waa antibiotic ugu horeysay bacteriostatic, taasoo ku calaamadsan bilowgii koox weyn. Waxaa la helay sanadkii 1952 ka Streptomyces erythreus - actinomycetes ciidda. Maxaa yeelay, macrolide "erythromycin" ayaa hantida reversibly ku qabanaya in ribosomal 50s-subunit, waxay xadgudub ku formation of bonds peptide dhexeeya taagoo amino acid of nooca iyo qabata xanibeen Avv borotiinka ee sheyga kala duwan. Sayidka antibiotic "erythromycin" ma saamayn ereygu wuxuu (xarunta) acids nucleic. At qaadasho sare, khayrna noocyo ka mid ah bakteeriyada ayaa laga yaabaa in saamayn bactericidal.

Macrolide "Spiramycin" - waa antibiotic in ka qayib Streptomyces ambofaciens actinomycetes, wuxuu - koowaad ee koox ka mid ah macrolides 16-membered. giraanta Lactone - waa aasaaska dhismaha diyaarinta "Spiramycin". Waxay ka kooban tahay 16 atamka carbon (C) taas oo ku xiran yihiin saddex ka hadhay carbohydrate: mycarose, mycaminose iyo forosamine. Diyaargaraw ku haysatay ay ka kooban spiramycin walax firfircoon qaybiyey Kanada, Latin America iyo Europe.

Macrolide "Josamycin" - antibiotic ah, koox ka wakiil ah macrolides 16-membered. Soo saaray narbonensis Streptomyces. Waxay saamayn ku ah qof bactericidal. Waxa uu hakiyo Avv borotiinka xeryahooda ah, ka hortagtaa RNA quful (gaadiidka) oo ku xiran xuub subunit 50s-ribosomal, oon ku xanibeen sarrifka ee peptides xarunta A. u ogol yahay in daawaynta cudurada ee uurka.

macrolides Semi-dardaro:

Macrolide "Roxithromycin" - taasi waa atibiotik ugu horeysay ee semi-dardaro 14-membered. Waxaa ka soo jeeda macrolide ah "erythromycin". Features of dhismeedka waxay siinaysaa iska caabin ah oo ka sareeya si ay acids, microbiological iyo in la hagaajiyo oo xuduudaheedu pharmacokinetic.

Macrolide "Clarithromycin" - antibiotic ah 14-membered, derivative macrolide "erythromycin". Waxaa soo hagaagtay caabiga acids iyo in la hagaajiyo pharmacokinetic iyo guryaha bakteeriyada dila.

macrolides Dabiiciga-antibiotic waa mid aad u firfircoon ka dhanka ah Gram-positive, qaar ka mid ah sheyga Gram-negative iyo intracellular. A macrolides casriga ah sida semi-dardaro, firfircoon badan oo ka gees Pseudomonas, Enterobacteriaceae, microflora anaerobic iyo Bacillus hargabka.

Ugu dambayntiina, azalides ah - ee macrolides jiilka ugu dambeeyey:

Antibiotic "azithromycin" waxa loola jeedaa azalides subclass in ay yihiin wax yar ka duwan in qaab-dhismeedka ka macrolides caadiga ah. Ring in macrolide ah "azithromycin" lactone jirin, laakiin 15-membered. Kislotoustoychivot kor u kordhiyaa ilaa 300 jeer la antibiotic ah, "erythromycin" marka la barbar dhigo.

Macrolides. Qoondaynta qarniyo:

1st - daroogada "oleandomycin" "erythromycin";
2nd - macrolides "Roxithromycin", "Spiramycin", "Josamycin", "midecamycin", "Clarithromycin";
3rd - macrolide "azithromycin".

Tilmaamayaasha group macrolide of antibiotics. Qoondaynta oo ah Cudurada

Kuwa oo waxyeela habdhiska neefsashada: hogaga ba'an, tonzillofaringit Streptococcus, pneumonia bulshada helay, sii daridda ah boronkiitada, xiiq-dheerta, gawracatada.

Maqaarka iyo unugyada jilicsan, waraabowga, Chlamydia, venereum lymphogranuloma, chancroid, finan.

saabka Oral: periodontitis iyo periostitis.

nidaamka dheefshiidka: caloosha Campylobacter, boog caloosha ah.

Sidoo kale macrolides loo isticmaalo ka hortaga cudurada soo socda: pertussis, meningitis, qandho rheumatic, endocarditis.