Maraykanka oo lacagta waraaqaha iyo qadaadiicda dollars

maanta dollar waa lacagta ugu caansan ee dunida. Cutubkani lacageed meel walba yaqaano. Waa maxay nooca lacagta ee dalka Mareykanka ayaa hadda tagaan? Sidee waxay ka timid?

Taariikhda dhacdo

Waxaa dhammaan bilaabay la thaler ah, ama halkii a "yoahimstalerov". Taasi waxay ahayd magaca daraakmo oo lacag ah magaalada anigaa of Jáchymov (casri ah Czech Republic) ee. Magaca si deg deg ah gaaray dalka Iswiidan, British, Holland, Talyaaniga, Flemings, bedelayaan dhawaaqa in jidkiisa u. Sayidka, dollar ee British gumeysiga America markii ugu horraysay loo yaqaan qadaadiic Spain. Sida a lacagaha is-USD ayaa ku dhawaaqay in 1785.

lacag Paper in qaab bonds more muuqday Massachusetts ee 1690. iyaga Dib-u-sii daayay 1703, iyo dhowr sano ka dib lacag warqad ku faafay guud ahaan Maraykanka. Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalka madax xataa muuqday "dollar Continental," taas oo ka eryay ee lacagta birta ah biraha wareegga.

Dhibaatada ugu weyn ee lacagta oo kale ahaa ay qiimo degdeg ah. Horeba by 1781 lacagta hoos by saabsan 40 jeer. Lix sano ka dib yimid sharciga ku saabsan xoojinta khasabka ah ee lacagta waraaqaha ee dahab ah ama lacag ah. 1792 waxaa markii ugu horraysay laga qabtay qadaadiic Maraykanka.

taariikhda casriga ah

In kasta oo dhammaan tallaabooyinka ay qaaday Dowladda, lacagta American aan xasillooneyn iyo heerka. Sidaa darteed, in 1861, waxaa jira hal lacag ah, kaas oo la dhiibtay daabacaadda ee Bank American Xusuustu Co. qoraalada la soo saaray ee madaahibta of 5, 10, 20 dollars ahaayeen cagaaran oo markiiba noqday kuwa loo yaqaan "greenbacks".

In 1913, lacag US soo saaray si gaar ah u abuuray, taas aawadeed Reserve Federaalka Banks. Sanado badan, dollar ku hayo xasiloonida. Wuxuu ayaa lagu qasbay inay u dhacdhacaan Depression Great ah ee 1933. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ka dib dagaalkii labaad ee dunida, kaalinta Maraykanka ee siyaasadda adduunka ayaa si wayn kor, iyo dalalka Yurub waxay bilaabeen inay si firfircoon si toos ah lacag American. Doolar dhakhsaha badan noqon doonaa lacagta ugu weyn ee "jir Europe", barakiciyay xataa Sterling Pound ah.

In 1971, lacagta caalamka reserve bilaabo inuu mar kale qiimo dhimid. markii qaar ka mid ah ka dib, at hindisaha Madaxweyne Nixon baajiyay ku xoojiyo dollar oo dahab ah. lacagta Maraykanka ayaa hore u lahaa kalsoonida gaar ah, si qiima ma saamayn xaalka dunida. Waxaa weli waa raad raac ah.

dollar maanta

Waqtigan xaadirka ah, dollar waxaa loo arkaa qaran oo ka mid ah lacagta United States. Intaa waxaa dheer, xataa qarnigii XIX-XX waxa ay noqotay lacagta aan rasmi ahayn ee dalal kale oo badan. Tusaale ahaan, Kanada ku dhawaaqday lacag qaran sida ugu horreysa ee 1857. Hadda lacagta Maraykanka uu leeyahay xaaladda qaranka ee El Salvador, Panama, Palau, Bermuda, Marshall, Virgin Islands, East Timor, iyo wixii la mid ah .. Wadamada qaarkood, dollar ah si sharci ah loo isticmaalo ay barbar socdaan lacagaha qaranka, tusaale ahaan, ka hor waxa uu ahaa in Zimbabwe.

System Reserve Federaalka waxaa la abuuray 1913, oo maanta ayaa masuul ka ah la sii daayo lacag daabacaadda Maraykanka. Biilasha iyo lacagta birta ah waxaa lagu soo saaray si waafaqsan baahida dalka, wixii ka dambeeya ay hesho kala bar lacagta total of dollars daabacan. % Ee lacagta uun 1 ma aha in wareegga lacag la'aan ah. share libaax ee raso daabacay iyada oo ujeedadu of badalay nuqul duugoobay.

raso

All biilasha, kaas oo la soo saaray ee 1861, waxaa weli loo arkaa ansax ah oo sharci ah. lacag Paper soo saaray madaahibta ah 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 oo doolar. Waxay si xor ah u shaandheyn ku badisay yihiin.

Waxaa jira biilasha ee madaahibta ee 500, 1000, ama xitaa 10 000. Laakiin waxaa ay la joojinayaa soo baxay ay sabab u tahay dhib ah ee la isticmaalo. Sababo la this, kharashka rabadh sida at xaraashka waa ka sii badan ay qiimaha wejiga. Raso ee madaahibta ee $ 10 000 ee dakhli ka badan 100. In 1934, Bank Reserve ee Mareykanka soo saartay Biilka ka mid ah 100 000 oo doolar, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa loo isticmaalaa oo kaliya lacagaha gudahood System Reserve Federaalka.

Absolutely biilasha oo dhan waa inay isku qiyaas. Miisaankooda ku saabsan yahay 1 garaam. In 1928 lagu sameeyey fikradda guud ee muuqaalka kore ee dollar ah. Tan iyo markaas, lacag US kaalinta Wehbe of taliyayaashii iyo siyaasiyiinta muhiim ah. Sidaas daraaddeed, on biilasha muujinaysaa Wasiirka ugu horeysay US Maaliyadda Hamilton, John Marshall - Guddoomiyaha Maxkamadda Sare ee. On keensatay ee 1 dollar ka wakiil yahay madaxweynihii ugu horeeyay ee United States ah Dzhordzh Vashington.

Dhinaca kale ku taallo raso qaranka muujinayaan calaamadaha taariikhiga ah muhiim u ah dalka. On dhinaca dambe ee keensatay ee 1 dollar Maraykanka kaalinta dhiga ugu weyn: "In Ilaah Waxaan aamin" on biilka ee $ 5 waa Memorial ee Lincoln, Wasaaradda dhismaha Maaliyadda lagu muujiyay in 10, iyo Aqalka Cad - 20 doolar. keensatay ugu dhif ah in wareegga - $ 2, falka saxiixa ah Declaration of Independence of United States waxaa lagu taswiiray on dhinaca dambe.

qadaadiicda

qadaadiic kasta Mareykanka, taas oo ku xidhan qiimaha magacaaban, wuxuu leeyahay magac caadi ah u gaar ah. Hadda waxaa jira lacagta birta ah in wareegga 1 boqolkiiba ah, kuwaas oo si kale loo yaqaan cents "dinaar" qadaadiic 5 (nickel), 10 senti (dime), 25 senti (kvoter), $ 1 (dollar). Waxaa sidoo kale jira lacagta birta ah ee 50 cents hoos magaca "Half." Waxaa loo soo saaray in tiro yar, la doorbidayo ururiya.

US qadaadiicda coinage qaadataa mintiyada yar ee San Francisco, Denver, West Point, New Orleans iyo Philadelphia. Mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah caleemo calaamadeeyay leh Beech British P, S, W, O, D.

The US qadaadiic ugu horeysay tan iyo 1792, qabtay ee dahab iyo lacag, in cabirku yahay 1 ilaa 15. Shilimaad The daruuri ahayd in ay noqdaan ku qorraa "Freedom" iyo calaamado la xidhiidha fikradda this. On dhinaca dambe la saaray gorgor. Hadda oo kaliya lacagta qadaadiicda collectible biraha qaali ah laga sameeyey, waxaa loo isticmaalaa inta kale ee zinc, waxaaga nickel iyo naxaas.

lacagta birta qaaliga ah iyo naadir ah

Mid ka mid ah xaqiiqda ah in 1853 ka xanaajisay muuqaalka kore ee lacagta birta ah ee 3 cents, taas waxaa loo arkaa dhif. Waa in qiimaha noocan oo kale ah ayaa hoos u dhacay qiimaha tigidh ah. Waxay joojiyeen ceyrsaneysa 1889, waxaa suurta galayn in la helo waa.

In 1848 ee California bilaabmaa "Gold Rush", si go'aanka in ay sii daayaan qadaadiic cusub dahab 1 iyo 20 doolar ee 1849. Ka dib markii ay "Depression Great" lacagta qadaadiicda oo dahab laga soo saaray wareegga, iyo ugu qaalisan oo ka mid ah ayaa hadda loo arkaa in ay US ahaan $ 20, 1933 daayo.

Dabadiisna wax ka Shilimaad American ugu qaalisan waxaa loo tixgeliyaa dollar oo lacag ah, 1804 edition, taas oo iibin $ 4 million, iyo takzhe5 cents 1913, soo saaray shan nuqul (mid kasta oo ka kharash ah oo ku saabsan 4 million).