Marka waxaa jiray Battle of a Wesenberg? Sababaha iyo cawaaqibta

Rakovor dagaalka Dr Makumbe ka dhacay 1268. dagaal Tani waa mid ka mid ah dhacdooyin badan oo yimaddeen Northern iyo halgan u dhexeeya Knights Teutonic iyo madaxda Ruush saamayn ee gobolka bari.

Taariikhda oo ka mid ah xiriirka adag waxaa wanaagsan ee loo yaqaan sababta oo ah dagaalladii Aleksandra Nevskogo, Nevsky Battle of Ice ah. Against asalka ah dhacdooyinkaan waxay Battle of Wesenberg weli shiidaa aan la arki karin. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa uu ahaa dagaal ah oo muhiim ah, kuwaas oo goob joog ka ahaa wefdigii weyn.

prehistory

On dalka reer Latvia casriga ah iyo Estonia dhowr qarniyo noolaa qabiilooyinka compactly Baltic. Qarnigii XI ee gobolka bilaabay ballaarinta dhulka Russia, laakiin waxaa u talin jiray ku dhowaad si degdeg ah ay sabab u tahay cudurka dillaacay of qaybsanaanta siyaasadeed ee gobolka East Slavic. Wax yar ka soo muuqday ka degay German Baltic. Waxay ahaayeen Catholic by diinta, iyo Pope ka abaabulay yimaddeen ujeeddo oo Gaalada ku baabtiisayay.

Sidaas daraaddeed, qarnigii XIII iyo waxa u muuqday Teutonic Amarada Livonian. xulafadooda waxay ahaayeen Sweden iyo Denmark. In Copenhagen, abaabulay olole militari si uu u qabto Eastland (Estonia casriga ah). Saliibiyiintu waxay ahaayeen on soohdinta reer madaxda Ruush (horrayn Pskov iyo Novgorod). In 1240 colaadda ugu horeysay ka qarxay inta u dhexeysa deriska. Intii lagu guda jiray sannadahan, Russia weerar oo ka mid ah guutooyinkiisii Mongol, kuwaas oo ka deel bariga yimid ahaa. Waxay halaagnay kuwo magaalooyin badan, laakiin uma aan iman inaan Novgorod, taas oo ahayd meel aad u fog xagga woqooyi.

La dagaallama Aleksandra Nevskogo la khatar reer galbeedka

xaalad Tani waxay caawisay Nevsky ururin xoog cusub oo markeeda kada ee dalka Iswiidan iyo saliibiyiinta Jarmal. Alexander si joogto ah kala jejebiyey ee Battle of Neva ah (1240) iyo Ice Battle (1242). Ka dib guusha ay heshiis xabbad joojin hubka Ruush la saxiixay, si kastaba ha ahaatee, diblomaasiyiinta oo dhan, waxa uu ahaa cad in heshiiska uu yahay mid ku meel gaar ah oo kaliya, oo dhawr sano ka dib, Catholics ku ridi doonaa mar kale.

Sidaa darteed, Alexander Nevsky bilaabay inuu doondoono xulafadooda in dagaalka ka dhanka ah Saliibiyiinta ah. Waxa uu u suurtagashay in ay xiriir la Duke Lithuanian ku Mindaugas, kaas oo ballaarinta Jarmal ayaa sidoo kale waxaa ay halis adag. Laba boqorradii jiray u dhow isagoo si ay u sameeyaan isbahaysi. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in 1263 amiirradii Lithuanian iyo Novgorod, ku dhintay ku dhowaad isku mar.

Dovmont shakhsiyadda

Battle caanka ah ee Wesenberg tagay Ehelkiisa magaca Dovmont quruxda leh, oo ku hogaamiyay ciidanka Pskov ee dagaalka ka dhanka ah Catholics ah. amiirka Tani waxa ay ahayd ka Lithuania. dhimashada Mindaugas Ka dib, wuxuu ka qayb qaatay ee dagaalka sokeeye ee dalkooda. Waxa uu ku guuldareystay inuu dhaxal kasta oo xaji, Oo wuxuu fogeeyey waxaa ay isku wadanka yihiin ee ay. Xataa markaas Dovmont ayaa lagu yaqaanaa inuu geesinimo. Shakhsiyadiisu si degan xiiso of Pskov, kaas oo dhimashada ee Aleksandra Nevskogo u baahan doode madax banaan deriska ka dib. Dovmont si farxad ku heshiiyeen in ay magaalada ku hawshooda, iyo in 1266 noqday Pskov amiirka qablayaal dagaal.

Taasi waxay keentay in doorashada nidaam gaar ah oo siyaasadeed ka jirta waqooyiga Russia. Pskov iyo Novgorod ahaayeen magaalooyinka kale ee Bariga taliyayaashoodii waxaa loo doortay by go'aanka cod caan ah oo kala duwan - Rugta. Sababtoo ah tani ka duwan, dadka dalalka deggan oo kuwaas inta badan waa isku dhacnay xarunta kale Ruush siyaasadeed - Vladimir-on-Klyazma, garoomada by wakiilada dhaxlo ee guri ammaan Rurik ah. Waxay ku aamaanay in Mongols iyo xilliyo doondoonay ka go'dayna waxay la mid ka Novgorod iyo Pskov. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, iyadoo aan loo eegayn sida adag xiriirka u dhaxeeya, halista ugu weyn ee Jamhuuriyadda Ruush wakhtigaas galbeed ka yimid.

Waqtigaa dalka Mareykanka Baltic sameeyay conglomerate ka mid ah dalalka Catholic, kuwaas oo ku shaqeeya waqti isku mid ah, oo doonaya inay qabsadaan, iyo dadka u baabtiistaa Gaalada maxalliga ah iyo ku guuleysan Slavs.

Ololaha Novgorod in Lithuania

In 1267 Novgorod abaabulay olole ka dhan ah Lithuanians ku warlike, kuwaas oo aan loo ogol yahay in ay nastaan soohdintooda. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wadada colaadda galbeed ka mid ah labada kooxood ay bilaabeen, iyo qorshaha asalka beddelmay. Halkii ay u Lithuania socday, Novgorod galay Estland, oo uu Boqor deenishka lahaayeen. Battle of Wesenberg ahayd gabagabadii dagaalka. Sababta rasmiga ah ee xilli ahaayeen news joogto ah in ganacsatada Ruush dulmay raaxaystaan suuqa, ay leedahay oo deenish ah.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, haddii ay doonayaan in ay Novgorod waxa ay ahaan laheyd adag tahay in ay iska caabin Midowga Catholic ah. Ololaha ayaa ugu horeysay ee 1267 ku dhamaatay, iyo ka hor inta aan bilaabay. ciidanka guriga ku soo laabtay, iyo madaxdii ciidamada ee ay go'aansatay in ay caawimaad weydiiso ee Grand Duke Vladimir Yaroslav Yaroslavich. On the bangiyada taliyaha Volkhov uu kula heshiiyey shacabka maxalliga ah. Waxay lahaa adeer u ah oo Alexander Nevskogo Yuriy Andreevich. Waa amiir, kanu wuxuu ahaa taliyaha sare ee ciidanka Ruush, marka waxaa jiray Battle of a Wesenberg.

The Union of amiirradii Ruush

tumaalladii Ruush bilaabay inuu Abuuran hubka cusub iyo hub. Yuri Andreyevich casuumay amiirradii kale Slavic inuu ku biiro xilli. Markii hore, muhimka ah ee ciidanka ahaa ciidankii reer Novgorod, Vladimir ku kaabaya ciidamada, kuwaas oo la siiyey taliyaha Yaroslav Yaroslavich. Battle of Wesenberg ahaa si ay u tijaabiso xoogga xiriirka huwanta dhexeeya deriska ah.

Intaa waxaa dheer, dadka Novgorod ayaa ku biiray by amiirradii kale, ina Aleksandra Nevskogo , Dmitry, kaas oo xukumi jiray Pereyaslavl; Carruurta Vladimir Prince Svyatoslav iyo Michael, kii la soo gaaray xulka Tver; iyo sidoo kale Prince of Pskov Dovmont.

Inkasta oo Ruush Knights ayaa isku diyaarinaya dagaal dhaw, diblomaasiyiinta Catholic sameeyey ay ugu fiican ee loo Dhagar cadowga. In shirka dhexdiisa ciidamada in safiirada Novgorod ka Riga, kaas oo matala danaha Amarka Livonian yimid. Waxay ahayd trick ah. Ergooyin Ruush adkeeyey inay nabad beddelkeeda wax Order ma taageeri deenishka ah ee ay ku dagaallan. Iyadoo Novgorod xaajooday deggan Riga, inay goor horeba ciidamo u waqooyiga hantidoodii diray, isku diyaarinaya in uu abaabulo dabin.

Reid in Baltics ah

On January 23, a xulka Ruush wadajir ah ka Novgorod yimid. Waxay sugayay Battle of Wesenberg. 1268 bilaabay xilliga qaboobaha sida caadiga ah qabow, sidaas darteed ciidanka si deg deg ah u dhaqaaqay oledenevshuyu Narva, xadka hore ee u dhexeeya labada dal. Ujeedada ugu weyn ee ololaha ahaa Rakovor ah iyo qalcaddayda istaraatiiji ah oo muhiim ah. Ciidamada Ruush si tartiib ah u guuray, joogi diiradda on boob territory isdifaaci deenishka.

Battle of Wesenberg dhacay webiga qarkiisa ah, meesha taas oo aan weli si sax ah la aasaasay. Taariikhyahanadu ku doodi kasta oo kale sababta oo ah ku lug ilo, taas oo magacyo meel kala duwan yihiin tilmaamay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dagaalka ka dhacay February 18, 1268 oo ku yaalla waqooyiga ee Estonia, oo u dhow magaalada Rakovora.

Isku diyaarinaya dagaalka,

Habeeynimadii of shil soo diray amarka ka mid ah basaasyo Ruush si ay si wanaagsan wax u bartaan oo ku saabsan cadowga xooggiisu. trackers soo laabtay ayaa sheegay in xerada cadowga dagaalyahan aad u badan oo ka mid ah oo keliya oo ka tirsan ciidamada deenishka. male xun ayaa la xaqiijiyay in markii Knights Ruush oo iyaga hor arkay Knights of Order ee Livonian. Tani waxa ay ahayd xadgudub toos ah heshiisyada nabadda, taas oo Jarmalka kula heshiiyey Novgorod ka hor xilli ciyaareedka.

In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in ciidanka cadowga ahaa laab ka xoog badan filayaa by saraakiishii ciidanka Ruush, Slavs ma ku caasiyeyn. Sida laga soo xigtay taariikhda kala duwan, dagaalka ahaa sinnaanta - dhinac kasta, waxaa jiray oo ku saabsan 25 kun oo qof.

Xeeladaha of Jarmalka

si dagaalka ciidanka Catholic ayaa la sameeyay si waafaqsan xeeladaha Teutonic jecel. Waxa uu ahaa xaqiiqada ah in dhexe ee Knights hubeysan istaagay qaab waslad faray dhinaca cadowga.

Si ay xaq u ahaayeen deenish ah. bidix waa maleeshiyada Riga ah. Oo xanjaadka u ahaayeen si ay u daboosho weerarka ee Knights ah. Battle of Wesenberg aan ku sameeyey 1268 for Catholics isku dayaan in ay dib-u-qabaa xeeladahooda caadiga ah in iyaga dejiyeen intii lagu jiray dagaalka kula Aleksandrom Nevskim.

Dhismaha Ciidamada Ruush

ciidanka Ruushka ayaa sidoo kale ayaa waxa loo qaybiyay a regiments hannaanka, kuwaasoo mid walba uu waxaa maamula mid ka mid ah ugaasyadii. On xaq u istaagay Pereyaslavets iyo Pskov. In xarunta ahaa Novgorod, kaas oo ah Battle of Wesenberg in 1268 uu ahaa dhacdo muhim in halganka ka dhanka Germany. Bidixda iyaga ka mid ah waxa uu ku yaalaa xulka Tverskaya diray by of Vladimir amiirka.

In dhismaha ciidamada Ruush ay khasaare ugu weyn ee la dhigay. Courage iyo xirfad military ahaayeen yaraa hor falalka midina of Guud. amiirradii Ruush ah ayaa ku dooday, maxaa yeelay, kii sharciga ahaa madaxa ololaha millatari oo dhan. Sida laga soo xigtay booska saldanadii, ayuu yiri Dmitry Alexandrovich, laakiin waxa uu ahaa dhallinyaro ah, taasu isagii waxba uma siin kalsoonidii ay indhaha asxaabteena sare. Istiraatiijiyadda ugu horumarsan waa in Dovmont Lithuanian, laakiin waxa ay aheyd kaliya voivod Pskov iyo sidoo kale ma iska leh panulirus ku Rurik.

Sidaa darteed, oo idil dagaalka ciidamada Ruush dhaqmeen on iyaga u gaar ah, iyaga nugul ay Saliibiyiintu ka. Battle of Wesenberg, sababaha ka mid ah, kuwaasi oo ay ku soo gabagabeeyey in dagaalka Novgorod iyo Catholics, sii kaliya kala qeybsanaan u dhaxeysa amiirradii Slavic.

Bilowgii dagaalkii

Iyada oo weerarka ah Knights Jarmal bilaabay Battle of Wesenberg. February 18 ahayd si ay u go'aamiyaan dhinacyada colaadda noqon doonaa kuwo guulaysta in dagaalka. Iyadoo kooxda Jarmalka ka hor tageen ee xarunta of ilaalada Tver iyo Pereyaslavl cadowga on xanjaadka ay. Pskov guutada sidoo kale aan ku hadhay oo aan waxtar lahayn. Uu Knights isku dhaceen ciidankii iska lahaa Bishop of Dorpat.

The dharbaaxo ugu daran on Novgorod dhacay. Waxay lahaa in ay la kulmaan weerar oo ka mid ah "doofaarka" Jarmal caanka markii Knights oo ku labisan dareeska gaardi horumarinta xawaare Hadaba, iyo dagaalka xaaqay cadowga. ciidanka Zhivago u diyaarshay inuu jeedo this dhacdooyinka qarka u madaxda daafaca. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xataa tricks taatikada ma caawin Novgorod adkeysan saamaynta iyo awr. Waxay marka hore ku caasiyeyn, iyo xarunta ciidamada Ruush muuqata sagged iyo hoos u dhaceen. Bilaabay in ay argagax, waxa ay u muuqataa in ay tahay oo ku saabsan si loo soo afjaro Battle of Wesenberg. Illoobay guusha hubka Ruush waxaa soo saaray in ay geesinimada iyo adkeysiga ee Dmitry Alexandrovich mahad.

Uu guutada ay ka adkaadeen maleeshiyada Riga ah. Oo amiirku markuu ogaaday in ee gadaal kiiska qaadan jeedin xun, si dhakhso ah ayuu u soo jeestay oo ciidankiisa iyo dib dhuftay Jarmalka laaya. Kuwa ahayn mid Rajayn oo kale weerar ku dhiirato.

Delivery of Alaabtoodii

Waqtigaa taliyihii Novgorod ku Yurii horeba ka cararay dagaalka. Nafihii yar geesi ah oo ciidankiisa, oo Nagaadeen safafka, biiray Wakhtiga u degdegaan inay caawiyaan Dmitry Alexandrovich. Dhanka garabka kale oo deenish ah ugu dambeyntii isku dhiibay jagooyinka iyo ka dib markii ay maleeshiyada ee hoggaamiyaha kiniisaddu dhintay carareen. Xulka Tverskaya uma aan iman inaan gargaarka ee Novgorod dhexe oo bilaabay inay ku baaqaan in cadowgu ku sii Socda. Taas darteed, ciidamada dalka Ruushka ayaa awoodi waayay in uu abaabulo iska caabin ah oo hufan si ay u Jarmal "doofaarka."

Makhribku Knights ka dhiidhiyaan Pereyaslavets weerarka oo bilowday haddana inay degaan Novgorod ah. Ugu dambeyntii, at beryayay, waxay qabteen kolonyo Ruush. Waxaa sidoo kale ku yaal, iyo mashiinada hareereeyo, taas oo loo diyaariyey hareeraynta iyo foosha xun ee Rakovora. Dhamaan iyaga ka mid ah ayaa si degdeg ah halaagnay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa ay aheyd kaliya guul marmar ee Jarmalka. Battle of Wesenberg, si kooban u hadlayay, joogsaday oo kaliya sababtoo ah in uu ahaa in ka badan saacadaha maalintii ee. xafiiltamaan ee Army hubka iska dhigay habeenkii iyo isku dayeen in ay nastaan, si ay ugu dambeyntii ogaado xiriirka beryayay.

golaha military Night

Habeenkii at booska laabtay Tver Ciidankii, kuwaas oo waxay eryadeen reer oo deenish ah. Waxa uu ku biiray by ciidamada badbaaday ka cutubyo kale. Waxaa ka mid dhintay meydkiis oo la ogaaday duqa Novgorod Mikhail Fedorovich. Wax yar ka dib golaha taliyayaasha kala hadlay fikirka ah in ay weeraraan kooxda Jarmalka ee sabab madow si kada ah tareen lama filaan ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, fikrad this ahaa mid aad u adventurous, sababtoo ah askartii ahaayeen daal iyo reebtay awood. Waxaa la go'aansaday in ay sugaan tan iyo subaxda dambe.

Isla mar ahaantaana, badbaaday ciidankii Jarmal, kaliya ee haray dhismaha asalka ah ee conglomerate xagjirka Catholic ogaaday hooggii haystay reer binu xaaladdooda. taliyayaasha uu go'aansaday u Dumayn. Under cover Habeenka Jarmalka tagay kolonyada Ruush, oo ma qaadan waxaa isaga la-soo-saarka lahayn.

saamaynta

Subaxdii ay ciidanka Ruush waxaan ogaaday in kooxda Jarmalka ay carareen. Taasi waxay keentay in ka badan Battle of Wesenberg. Halkee la gowraco dhacay, boqolaal ka mid ah meydadka ayaa la jiifa. Amiirro kale saddex maalmood ku yiil berrinkii, inuu soo aaso dhintay, oo ha iloobin in aad u soo ururin koobab. Guushaan ayaa ahaa ciidamada dalka Ruushka, laakiin sababta oo ah xaqiiqada ah in Jarmalka halaagnay matoorada la hareereeyo, dheer dhinaca qalcadda Rakovor noqonayaa waxba tarayn. Oo aan qalab gaar ah si loo xoojin lahaa qabashada ma suurto gal ahayd. Ma laga yaabaa in ay maciinsadeen in ay go'doominta dheer iyo daal, laakiin in tan iyo bilowgii waxa aan ahaa in talada Novgorod.

Sidaa darteed, ciidamada Ruush ku soo laabtay dalkooda, magaalooyinkoodii. Iyada oo xal this, isku raacay ma aha oo kaliya in ay Prince Pskov ku Dovmont, kuwaas oo ay la socdaan wefdigiisa tegey on weerar badan dhibka cabsan Pomerania. Battle of Wesenberg, kaasoo ay ku dhinteen ku dhawaad 15 kun oo qof, ayaa weli guul ah in iska hor imaad u dhexeeya ciidamada iyo awaamirta diinta Catholic la madaxda Ruushka.