Markab gaashaaman "Rurik" (1892). Doonniyaha Imperial ee Navy Ruush

markab Ruush "Rurik" ogaaday mahad dunida in dagaal aan qummanaynu ee Gacanka Kuuriya xiligii dagaalka Ruush-Japanese. Hareereysan markabka go'aansaday inuu dego markabka, oo sidaas daraaddeed ma waxa uu helay soo horjeeda ee. Ka hor inta soo gaartay ee markab Korean Bay maamulo muddo bilo ah si ay u kala ciidamada raxan Japan, oo soo socda inuu weeraro ka Vladivostok.

dhismaha

The markab gaashaaman caan ah "Rurik" ahaa maaxdey geedka Baltic. Markab Tani waxaa la abuuray ee kulaylka tartan military la badda ee Ingiriiska. Markabka ayaa waxaa la filayey inay analoogga istaahila Ingiriisi Cruiser soomi "Blake." In 1888, ee injineerada warshad Baltic ayaa soo jeediyay mashruuc qabyo ah si Admiral Chikhacheva iyo Guddiga Farsamada Naval (ITC).

Mashruuca Qabyo ahaa uqaabaynta. In markab mTK mustaqbalka "Rurik" takhaluso qaar ka mid ah ayna duleella u design iyo qalabka farsamada. sawiro ayaa loo ogolaaday by Alexander Emperor ee III. Dhismaha bilaabay on May 19, 1890. laba sano oo shaqo ka dib markii Baltic deked markab diyaarisay markab "Rurik". Waxaa la bilaabay in 1892, iyo 1895, doonnidii la rido hawlgalka.

Waxaa loo maleeyey in markabka uu noqon doono ugu horeeyay ee taxane ah oo Cruiser la mid ah. Dhisay ka dib "Stormbreaker" iyo "Russia" ma ahaayeen walaalo mataano ah, iyo wax ka bedelida (la barakac dheeraad ah). Waxa xiiso leh, "ayuu Rurik" markab loogu talagalay sida interceptor iman kara a maraakiibta ganacsiga British. Waxa uu loo moodayay in la isticmaalo si ay dhacdo in dagaalka la Great Britain. Intaa waxaa dheer, shuruudaha tixraaca ahaa baahan yahay in la abuuro baabuur in la dhaqaajin karin ka badda bari si ay Bariga Fog oo aan haysan talla-galay inay la dhuxusha. Si ay u tagaan jidka this, markabka lahaa badaha koonfurta iyo ku dhowaad dhammaan of Eurasia wareega u dhoofo.

In Fleet Pacific

Ku dhawaad isla markiiba ka dib markii markab ay "Rurik" waxaa la dhisay, Navy ay go'aansatay in ay isaga ku tuura Badweynta Pacific. havandeskapspenning Tani ayaa la xidhiidha kordheen xiisadda ee Bariga Fog. meesha diiwaangelinta markabka cusub wuxuu ahaa dekedda Vladivostok. khilaafka gartay oo Boqortooyada Ingiriiska ma aysan dhicin.

Halkii, bishii February 1904 dagaalka Ruush-Japanese. Wakhtigan, "Rurik", sida caadiga ah, waxay ahayd in Vladivostok. Ku xiga si ay u tagaan badda oo ay shaqo joojin at gaadiidka ganacsiga iyo biyaha Sino-Japanese. Going to maraakiibta badda ku badelay salaamaya leh magaalada. Waxay la socdaan dadkii badnaa ka mid ah dadka rayidka ah. Hawsha ugu wayn ee koox dad ah, kuwaas oo lagu daro "Rurik" koobnaa "Bogatyr", "Russia" iyo "Stormbreaker", wuxuu ahaa jeedinaaya ciidamada Japan. Haddii raxan cadowga waxaa loo kala qaybiyey, ka dibna loo ilaaliyo qalcadda ee Port Arthur noqon lahaa fudud.

"Rurik", ku simaha ee Badda ee Japan, wuxuu ahaa in la burburiyo maraakiibta gaadiidka waday ciidamada iyo kuwa xamuulka militariga, maraakiibta xeebaha iyo ku taalla baananka dhismayaasha cadowga. Sida markab ahaa si weyn u tug fal dhacsan noqon karaa oo kaliya kooxda oo dhan halkii ay si gaar ah. Vladivostok koox dad ah ku soo laabtay oo kaliya baabuurta la dhigto, loo baahan yahay in ay beddesho alaabtaan, egyahay.

Ololaha ayaa marka hore

The markab safar ugu horeysay ku dhufatey Strait Tsugaru. Waxaa la qorsheeyey in bartilmaameedka xiga uu noqon doono magaalada Wonsan (Wonsan casriga ah). Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in jidka markab qabtay duufaan. Tan iyo markii ay ahayd wakhtiga qabowga on jadwalka, biyaha in uu helo galay qoriga, ugu dhakhsaha badan u soo jeestay in ay barafka. Taas darteed, koox dad ah u noqday nacay tallaabo. xaaladaha cimilada iyo cimilada dhab ma ugu fiican. Si loo tago Cruiser Vladivostok lahaa in ay sugto qalada bi'iyo ee ay jidka u furi doonaa gacanka la qaboojiyey.

Taasi waxa ay dhib ku keena dowladda Ruush in ay qaataan qalcaddayda a Chinese ee Port Arthur. Its dekedda aan baraf. Muhiim ah oo ku haboon Port Arthur doonayay in Japanese ah. The magaalada iyo maraakiibta ku yiil waxaa la caabbiyay. Koox dad ah "Rurik" lahaa in ay kala eryaan ciidamada cadowga si loo yareeyo xaalada dekedda ilaa xoojiyo waxay ahaayeen Doonniyaha Fleet bari. Maaddaama ay kooxda qoryaha midda uu si kooban in Vladivostok soo laabtay.

ilaalinta Vladivostok

cusboonaysiiyey "Rurik" saaxir Dekedda. Cruiser (nooca oo ahaa gaashaaman) buuxsameen sahayda cuntada, iyo mar kale uu ka dhacay wadada. Ololaha labaad. ma jirin maraakiibta Japan badda. Laakiin xitaa dhoofkanu ah koox dad ah ee Ruush qasbay in cadowgu ku tuura oo qayb ka ah ciidamada si ay u cabsi geliyaan dalka Ruushka.

Bishii Maarso, koox dad ah cadowga, wuxuu ka tegey Sea Yellow xagga jasiiradda of Askold in Peter Bay Great dhow Vladivostok. In unit waxay ahaayeen markab ugu dambeeyay Japanese munaaraddii "Azuma", "Izumo", "Yakumo" iyo "Iwate". Waxay ahaayeen Ulasocto ah maraakiibta iftiinka yar. koox dad ah ayaa rasaas ku furay Vladivostok. rasaasta ka duulay magaalada ma aha, laakiin dadka ay yihiin kuwo aan wax yar ka cabsadeen. "Rurik" barroosinkii in dekedda toban daqiiqo gudahood ka dib markii darbo kowaad ayaa ka dhawaajisay. In bay waxaa ka joogay barafka. Waxay hortagi bixitaanka deg deg ah ka dekedda. Cruiser askartii ku jiray Ussuri Bay ee waqti marka Japanese waxay mar hore ka tageen booskooda. Fiidkii, iyo Markabka marayay labaatan miles kale, iyo qaadaan hortiisa cadowga on jid toosan oo joogsaday. Intaa waxaa dheer, in Vladivostok bilaabeen inay ka cabsadaan in Japanese ah meel u dhow anigaa iska tagay.

caqabadaha cusub

failure ee maalmood ee ugu horreeya dagaalka keentay in shaqaalaha isbeddelkaas in maamulka raxan. Xukuumadda Saarka magacaabay taliyaha Makarov Admiral ah. Waxa uu ka hor "Rurik" iyo koox dad ah caqabadaha cusub dhigay. Waxaa la go'aansaday in ay ka tanaasulaan istaraatijiyad ee weerarada on xeebaha Japan. Halkii, "Rurik" hadda lahaa si looga hortago kala iibsiga ee Ciidamada cadowga ee Wonsan. Tani dekedda Korean ahaa beachhead a Japanese, halkaas ka bilaabay hawlgallo dhulka.

Makarov loo ogol yahay in ay badda galaan halabuurka kasta (haddii ay noqon raxan ama baabuurta shakhsiga ah). Kolkaasuu isla tashaday oo ku saleysan xaqiiqda ah in hub Ruush awood badan oo wax ku ool ah ka badan Japanese ah. Admiral ahaa kuwa Daalimiinta ah. niyadda Shapkozakidatelskie ee Russia ka hor dagaalka ay ahaayeen caadi. dadka Japanese ma Oga soo horjeeda halis ah.

Dhaqaalaha dalka Asian this muddo dheer ku hadhay go'doomin. Waxa ay ahayd oo keliya in sannadihii ugu danbeeyay ee Tokyo bilaabay in uu ku qasbo dib u habaynta in ciidanka iyo ciidamada badda. Ciidamada New la dhisay on model ah Western Yurub. Qalabka lagu iibsaday sidii shisheeye, oo kaliya tayada ugu fiican. -gelinta Japan ee Bariga Fog ee Moscow hoos u eegay, oo tixgelinaysa upstarts Japan. Waa sababta oo ah aragti this si taxadar la'aan iyo lumay dagaalka oo dhan. Laakiin hadda, rajada waxay ahaayeen cadda, iyo xarunta dhexe ee rajo fiican iyo geesinimada ah ee badmaax Ruush.

cunna cas

In ka badan muddo bil ah, "Rurik" waxay ahayd in dekedda. Dhinaca kale, Admiral Makarov ayaa lagu dilay meel u dhow Port Arthur. Waxa uu ahaa on markab dagaal ah "Petropavlovsk", matalo on anigaa dal. Taliska Sare ee Japan ayaa go'aansaday in ka dib dhimashadii naxdinta Admiral Ruush muddo dheer ma arbushin baxay Port ee Arthur hareereeyeen. Sidaa darteed, in Tokyo amray in ay burburin kooxda, ku salaysan ee Vladivostok.

Wakhtigan, "Rurik" mar kale kaambada. Wakhtigan, koox dad ah u dhaqaaqay dhinaca magaalada Japanese ah Hakodate. At badda, way qabsatay weel gaadiidka ah, kaas oo uu ku dheceen by toorbiidyo ah, kaas oo la bilaabay "Russia." Maxaabiista ayaa u sheegay in ku dhow waa koox dad ah oo ah Admiral Kamimura. Markaasaa maraakiibta Ruush dib ugu Vladivostok jeestay, oo ma uusan gaareen Hakodate. By fursad nasiib, this kooxaha waqti la kulmay. Maraakiibta Kamimura ahaayeen wax badan ka xoog badnaan Ruush, taas oo keeni karta in ay guul qanci karo.

Laakiin xataa in this aan degganeyn "Rurik" jago si guul leh loo fuliyo yool ah. Vladivostok koox dad ah lahaa in qayb ka mid ah ciidamada cadowga ka Port Arthur danlahaa. Tan iyo maraakiibta April Kamimura waxaa mar dambe Badda ee Japan, kaas oo ay ahayd oo keliya ka soo gaartay Russia ka tagay. In May, kadis ah nasiib darro, markab ah "Hercules" shil, lagu aasay qarar of Cape Bruce. Ka dib dhacdada in koox dad ah ka tagay saddex maraakiibta.

Dagaalka ee Straits of Shimonoseki

Maalinta ugu dambaysa ee guga 1904 saddex Cruiser haddana wuxuu galay dagaal lagu dabaasho. Ka hor inta soo gelaya ee Strait of Shimonoseki, way turunturoodeen dul maraakiibta gaadiidka Japan. ka shaqeeya Radio farsamo dhigay faragelin radio, sababtoo ah taas oo cadowga ayaa awoodi waayay in ay soo gudbiyaan cidhiidhi ah wac Admiral Kamimura. Maraakiibta Japan kala firdhiyey. Oo aroorta, ceeryaamo ku markab ay roondo bidhaamayaan "Tsushima".

Markabka ayaa isku dayay inay ka baxsadaan oo ay gaaraan xeebta. Waxaa bilaabay raacdada guud. koox dad ah Ruush ahaa awoodaan in ay gaadhi doonaan markabka gaadiidka "Izumo Maru." Waxaa la dheceen ka dib markii duqeymo xooggan. From markab ka qaadeen oo qiyaastii boqol oo qof. kuwa kale ayaa gadiga in jiho oo kala duwan. Shaqaalaha "Rurik" iyo "Russia" go'aansaday inaan la soocay "Gromoboya" oo joogsaday goobka.

Oo iridda u Strait of Shimonoseki shiday baabuurta kale cadowga. Markabka ayaa xitaa isku dayeen inay u yimid wankii "Gromoboya," laakiin waxba yimid waxaa ka mid ah. Waxa uu toogtay hal dhibic kala duwan maran iyo ugu dambeyntii ku dhameysatay off by toorbiidyo ah. Ship degtay. Goortaas waxay ahayd abbaaraha kun askari iyo siddeed iyo tabobbar awood badan, taas oo Japan ay sii socdeen si ay u isticmaalaan la hareereeyo ee Port Arthur. Sida Wacan ee ku hareereysan magaalada ahayd la sii darayo. Xaaladahan, koox dad ah Vladivostok ku dhowaad marnaba badda ka tagay, iyo haddii aad joojiso in dekedda, oo kaliya in ay si deg deg ah maamleedna. Time si ay u cusboonaysiiyaan iyo beddelayo qaybaha madhay ma ahaayeen.

kulanka Last

Ka dib markii badan u Xeelaysanayn August 14, 1904 markab ah "Russia", "Stormbreaker" iyo "Rurik" ugu dambeyntii wajahay raxan Japan. Waxaa jiray lix maraakiibta. Waxay -Arday Maxkamadda Ruush ah ee ilaalinta hubkiisa iyo awood. Vladivostok askartii tageen inay maraakiibta gargaarka ee isku dayaya in ay soo baxaan Buuloburde ee Port Arthur.

qoryaha Japan ayaa rasaas heerka iyo ka xoog badan 4-laab. ratio Tani waxaa lagu go'aamiyaa natiijada murugo dagaalka. Bilowga ee isku dhaca, waxaa caddaatay in cadowgu uu leeyahay faa'iido ah. Markaas waxaa la go'aamiyay inuu ku soo laabto maraakiibta ee dekedda leh ee Vladivostok. Samee tani ma suurto gal ahayd. The qoryaha of markab ah "Rurik" isku dayeen in ay sii cadowga ka fog ammaan ah, laakiin ka dib markii a kubad si fiican-loogu talagalay cunto markab helay god halis ah.

Sababtoo ah ee dhacay dayn inay shaqeeyaan isteerinka, gacanta ku lumay. The dhigan biyo burqan. beerfale Steering iyo goynta ah ayaa biyaha hoostooda ku saacad. garbaha waxaa buuxda, sababta oo ah waxa markabka ay doonnida ka noqday xaaladda afduub ciirsi. xawaaraha markabka ayaa sii waday in ay hoos u, inkastoo uu qabtay dabcan hore. "Rurik" (markab 1892) waxay bilaabeen inay ku Hadhi ka danbeeya maraakiibta kale ee koox dad ah ay. Distance si tartiib ah kor u kacay iyaga u dhexeeya.

hareereeyey

In Strait Korea ee koox dad ah hoos Ruush amarka Karl Jessen yimid. Marka sirkaalkii ogaaday in ay wax qalad ahaa, wuxuu siiyey amar ay, "Ruush" iyo "Stormbreaker" cover "Rurik" dab Japan. xeelad Diversionary cadaato aan waxtar lahayn. The shaqaalaha maraakiibta, kuwaas oo soo gaaray khasaare culus. The badmaax iyo saraakiil ku dhacay isagoo meyd hoos dab cadowga culus.

Sababtan awgeed, "Russia" iyo "Stormbreaker" ayaa lagu qasbay in uu ka tago Strait Korean ah. First, Jesse rajaynayo in Cruiser gaashaaman Japanese, oo wakiil ka ah khatarta ugu weyn, baadi-goobka flagship iyo ka tago "Rurik" oo keliya. Markab Gun isaga ka weeraradii marinnada sambabka ilaalin kari waayeen. Haddii kooxda si deg deg ah saxo waxyeelada, markab ay awoodi doonaan in ay sii wataan safarka dib ama ugu yaraan tago dhinaca xeebta Korean.

Japan ayaa run ahaantii loola cararay ka dib markii ay "Russia". Si kastaba ha ahaatee, markay ahayd karin ee Imperial Navy ah zone maraakiibta, ku soo laabtay dagaalka. Wakhtigan, "Rurik" ayaa isku dayaya in ay wadaan oo sii waday in ay iska caabin ah, inkasta oo ay sabab u dhaawici uu awood weyn u wiiqay. Markaas markabka isku dayeen in ay wanka maraakiibta Japan iftiinka. awood ah kuwa ay ku baxsadaan iyo taxadar ahaan u dhaqaaqay in ka badan masaafo dheer. Dhammaan waxay ka tagay, sidaas awgeed waa in ay sugaan illaa ay doonnida ka bilaabo inuu dego hareereeyeen, iyo dhimashada markab ah "Rurik" waxay noqon doontaa lama huraan. Ugu dambeyntii, ayaa baxriyiintii Ruush bilaabay toorbiidyo ah ee cadowga ka badbaaday ee la soo dhaafay of tube toorbiidyo ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, gantaal bartilmaameedka ma ku dhacay.

Order Ivanov iyo toban

Bilowga dagaalka ku dhintay kabtanka "Rurik" Evgeny Trusov. Soo boodo ku dhaawacmeen oo ahaa sarkaal sare oo ka tirsan kuwa loo moodayay in ay isaga bedelo. Wadar ah 800 qof ayaa ku dhintay in koox ka kooban 200, iyo 300 ayaa ku dhaawacmay. badbaaday sarkaal ee la soo dhaafay ka tirsan muuqday Konstantin Ivanov. Dhammaadkii dagaalkii shan saacadood ah, markii natiijada durba cad, ninkaas amarka qaaday.

Dhanka kale, Japanese bilaabay in la siiyo calaamadaha in ay diyaar u yihiin inay aqbalaan is dhiibin ee cadowga yihiin. Koox dad ah amray by Admiral Kamimura Hikonodzo. Waxa uu lahaa oo kaliya ka baadi-goobka "Russia" iyo "Gromoboya" laabtay iyo waxa ay hadda sugayaan jawaab ku hareereysan markabka. Marka John ogaaday in si walba iska caabin ah ayaa la daalay, wuxuu ku amray inuu dego markabka. Sida caadiga ah raxan Ruush loo isticmaalo this ujeedada, dacwado gaar ah, taas oo hoos u markabka. Laakiin markan ay waxyeeleeyeen. Markaas markabka go'aansaday in la furo Kingston - filtarka gaar ah. Markaasuu biyo ku shubay nidaamka markabka ayaa ka sii xoog. "Rurik" (markab 1892) si deg deg ah ku dheceen, degtey, marka hore in ay dhanka bidix, ka dibna gebi ahaanba biyo ka yar.

Feat iyo ammaan markab

Russia badiyay dagaalka Ruush-Japanese, laakiin ciidanka iyo ciidamada badda dib adduunka oo dhan waxay ka muujiyeen in ay geesinimo iyo saa'ixiinta ah waajib. In markab Korea Strait "Rurik" isku dhaceen maraakiibta in ay ahaayeen waxyaabo kale oo badan oo casri ah iyo in ka badan awood isaga ka badan. Maraakiibta huriye la hubkiisa saboolka ah, si kastaba ha ahaatee, qaaday dagaalka. markab feat "Rurik" ayaa lagu aadka u mahad ma aha oo kaliya guriga, laakiin sidoo kale dalalka shisheeyaha ah, iyo xitaa in Japan.

Sarkaal Konstantin Ivanov oo uu markabka soo xirtay tirada 13. Waxay ahayd caado badda in kordhiyay in namesakes ah. dagaal iyo soo laabashada inay dalkiisa ka dib markii, kii ayaa loo abaalmarino badan (sida saaxiibo oo dhan). Emperor The, oo ku saabsan dhageysiga dacwada ee uu qolka, uu amar ugu sareeya bedelay magaca sarkaalka. Konstantin Ivanov Konstantin Ivanov noqday saddex iyo toban. Maanta, ciidamada badda ee Ruushka ayaa sii wadda in la xasuusto ah geesinimo iyo adeegga aamin ah markab ah. Waxa xiiso leh in in 1890 markabka adeegay sidii sare ku xigeenka ayaa waardiyayaashii Alexander Kolchak. Inta badan ka dib uu noqday Admiral ah, ka dibna - mid ka mid ah hoggaamiyayaasha dhaqdhaqaaqa White oo ka soo horjeeda ugu weyn ee dowladda Bolshevik cusub.

In 1906, markab ah "Rurik 2" ayaa la bilaabay. Waxa loo magacaabay in sharaf of isaga ka horeeyay, daadadku intii lagu jiray dagaalka Ruush-Japanese. Markabka ayaa noqday flagship ee Fleet bari. markab The "Rurik 2" ka qayb qaatay Dagaalkii Adduunka, iyadoo maxkamadaha Jarmal keentay dab joogto ah. Markab Tani waxay sidoo kale ku dhintay. Waxaa ku dhacay anigaa ah 20 November 1916 xeebaha Gotland.