January 27 - maalinta u qaadidda go'doominta of Leningrad. Way of Go'doominta Life Leningrad

January 27, maalinta ka saarida xanibaadda ee Leningrad, waa mid ka mid ah oo gaar ah ee taariikhda dalkeena. Maanta, on this taariikhda, Maalinta Military ka Nasahanyahay sannad kasta. Magaalada Leningrad (hadda St. Petersburg) helay May 1, 1945 horyaalka ee Hero-City. May 8, 1965 caasimada waqooyiga waxaa la gudoonsiiyey bilad ah "Gold Star" iyo Order of Lenin. Bilad ee Leningrad sidoo kale helay 1,496 million magaaladan deggan.

"Leningrad jiree" - mashruuc ka go'an in ay dhacdooyinka waqtiga

xasuusta oo ka mid ah dhacdooyinka geesinimada ah ee dalka ayaa difaacday ilaa maantadan la joogo. January 27 (qaadista maalin go'doominta of Leningrad) ee 2014 - taasi waa guuradii toddobaatan sano ee xoraynta magaalada. Guddiga Archive St. Petersburg soo bandhigay mashruuc lagu magacaabo "Leningrad jiree." portal Internet "Archives of St. Petersburg" waxaa la abuuray bandhig dalwaddii dokumentiyo kala duwan arkiifiyo la xidhiidha taariikhda magaalada intii lagu jiray go'doominta. Waxaa la daabacay oo ku saabsan 300 asalka ah taariikhiga ah ee wakhtiga. Warqadahaasi waxay waxa ay u qaybsamaan toban qaybood oo kala duwan, kuwaasoo mid walba uu la socoto comments khubaro ah. Kulligood waxay ka tarjumayaan dhinacyada kala duwan ee nolosha Leningrad inta lagu guda jiro xanibaadda.

Dib u dhiska of meel-mar dagaal

Maanta ma aha wax fudud in la qiyaaso dhallinyarada St Petersburg, in heer magaalo-museum, halkaas oo ay ku nool yihiin, ayuu ayaa lagu xukumay burburinta guud ee Jarmalka ee 1941. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma uusan is dhiibaan, markii uu ku hareereysan kooxihii af Finnish iyo af Jarmal, oo aysan awoodin in ay ku guuleysato, inkasta oo muuqda waxaa dhimashada lagu xukumay. Si jiilka haatan jooga ee degan magaaladuna wuxuu lahaa fikrad ah waxa dhex maray ay weyn-awoowayaashii iyo awoowayaashii gelin sannadahaas (kuwaas oo dadka badbaaday of hareereeyey Leningrad xusuustay sida waqtiga ugu xumaa), mid ka mid ah jidadka casriga ah ee magaalada, Talyaani iyo Manezhnaya goobta ayaa "soo laabtay" in guuradii 70-sano ee xilliga qaboobaha ee 1941-1944. Mashruucan ayaa loo magacaabay "Street Life".

In meelaha kor ku xusan ee St. Petersburg yihiin hay'adaha kala duwan ee dhaqanka, iyo sidoo kale tiyaatarada, taas oo xitaa kuwii sano adag go'doominta ma aysan joogsan hawlaha ay. Halkan waxaa ku qoran, iskutallaabtiisana daaqadaha ku xayiran guryaha, sidii markii in Leningrad, waxaa loo sameeyey si looga hortago weerarro cirka ah, dib xidhay bacaha ciid on jidadka, keenay qoryaha lidka diyaaradaha, baabuurta ciidamada ahaanteed ee booska taranka waqti ah. Sidaas toddobaatan guuradii weerarku of Leningrad la gudoonsiiyey. Sida ay sheegayaan qiyaasaha by qolofka inta lagu guda jiro dhacdooyinkii sano kuwa waxaa la baabbi'iyey 3000 guryaha iyo in ka badan 7000 ayaa si weyn u waxyeeleeyeen. Dadka deggan hareereeyey Leningrad si ay u difaacaan noocyo kala duwan oo duqeyn qalcad ah ka taagay. Oo weliba waxay dhiseen oo ku saabsan 4 kun Jeelal iyo pillboxes, qalabaysan ku saabsan 22 kun dhibcood ka cayrinta kala duwan ee dhismayaasha iyo taagay on jidadka 35 kiiloomitir caqabadaha lidka taangiyada iyo la xidhay.

The Go'doonsan of Leningrad: dhacdooyinka iyo tirooyinka waaweyn

Kaas oo bilaabay in 1941, September 8, difaaca ee magaalada socday 900 maalmood oo ku dhamaaday 1944. January 27 - Maalinta qaadaan go'doominta ee Leningrad. All sano kuwaas, sida kaliya, taas oo magaalada hareereeyey keenay wax soo saarka loo baahan yahay, iyo sidoo kale dhoofinta dhaawac halis ah iyo carruurta la fuliyay in xilliga qaboobaha baraf ah ee Lake Ladoga. Waxa ay ahayd hab nololeed ee hareereeyey Leningrad. waxaa On waanu kuu sheegi doonaa dheeraad ah in this article.

Jebi go'doominta ahayd January 18, 1943, oo gebi ahaanba ka bariyeelay Leningrad on 27 January. Oo waxaa dhacay ilaa sanadka soo socda - in 1944. Sidaas darteed, waxay shacabka ku noqotay in ay sugaan waqti dheer ka hor magaalada go'doominta Leningrad waxaa si qeexan u qaaday. Ayaa lagu dilay inta lagu jiro xilliga this, sida lagu sheegay qiyaaso kala duwan, ka 400 1.5 milyan oo kun. Deggan. Is tusay ee tijaabooyin Nuremberg soo socda tirada - 632 000 dhintay. % Oo ka mid ah oo kaliya ayaa 3 - ka duqeyn iyo qarax. Inta kale ee dadka deggan u dhintay gaajo.

Bilow dhacdo

Maanta, taariikhyahanadu military aaminsan yihiin in magaalo ee adduunka ee taariikhda dagaalkayagu ma siiyey nolosha dad badan oo guul ah, laakiin wakhtigaas Leningrad. Oo maalintii marka War Great Patriotic (1941, June 22), magaaladan, iyo dhammaan aagga, waxaa la isla markiiba la hoos geliyo sharciga legdinta. duulista faashistihii Jarmal on habeenkii 22kii on June 23, ayaa markii ugu horeysay isku dayay in uu weerar on Leningrad. isku day Tani waxay ku guulaysan dhamaaday. magaalada ayaa waxaa mid ka mid ahaa diyaaradaha cadowga lama ogola.

Maalintii xigtay, June 24, degmada military Leningrad beddelaa hore ah waqooyiga. Kronstadt magaalada badda way ka qariyeen. Waxay ahayd mid ka mid ah saldhigyadii, ka dibna ku sugan badda bari. Marka ciidamada cadowga aagga tan iyo July 10, bilaabay difaaca geesinimada, kaas oo noqon ku faani taariikhda Leningrad karo. September 6 hoos ku bambooyin ugu horeysay magaalada naasiga ah, ka dib markii taas oo si nidaamsan uu waxaa la hoos geliyey in cirka laga duqeeyo. In kaliya seddex bilood, ka September si November 1941, heegan weerar cirka ah lagu dhawaaqey 251 jeer.

Sameecadaha iyo metronome caanka ah

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ka xoog heli lahaa ka hor magaalada geesi ah oo khatar ku ah, ayaa in ka badan deggan Leningrad midoobeen ahaayeen cadowga. Si looga hortago Leningrad ka go'an in ay weerar cirka ah ayaa laga helay waddooyinka ku wareegsan 1500 ka hadlaya bilaha ugu horeeya. Dadka lagu xayeysiiyaa weerar hawada radio. metronome caanka ah, taas oo hoos u baxay sidii taallo dhaqanka warbaahinta markii iska caabin ah taariikhda waa iyada oo loo marayo shabakad this. laxanka Quick waxaa loogu tala galay in dhawaaqay heegan ciidamada, iyo gaabis ah - dib u gurasho. Michael Melaned, waxaa Dhawaaqay ah, ku dhawaaqay digniinta. Oo ma jirin hal degmo ee magaalada, taas oo qolof cadow aan duuli karin. Sidaa darteed, jidadka iyo meelaha ay ahaayeen xisaabiyaa, halkaas oo halista ah ee gaadhista ugu weyn. Halkan, dadka ayaa posted calaamadaha ama rinjiga qoray in meeshan waa ugu khatarta badan marka duqeyn.

City qorshaha Adolf Hitler ee ahaa in la gabi ahaanba la burburiyay, iyo difaaca ciidamada uu - dilay. Jarmalka, iyagoo ku guuldareystay at dhowr jeer isku dayay in ay jebiyaan oo difaaca Leningrad, ay go'aansadeen in ay gaajo.

Duqeynta ayaa ugu horreeya ee magaalada

Qof kasta, oo ay ku jiraan carruur iyo waayeel, ayaa noqday daafacyada of Leningrad. ciidanka gaarka ah, waxaa la sameeyay Dadka Maleeshiyo, kuwaas oo kun oo qof ayaa xogagga halbeegyo dhexdhexaad iyo cadowga ee jabhada la dirireen, qaybqaatay dhismaha khadadka daafaca. Waxaa bilaabay qaxidda ee dadweynaha ee magaalada, iyo sidoo kale qiimaha dhaqanka ee matxafyada kala duwan iyo qalabka warshadaha bilihii ugu horeysay dagaalka. Ciidamada cadowga qabsadeen magaalada on August 20, Chudovo, xanibeen tareenka jihada of Leningrad iyo Moscow.

Lama, si kastaba ha ahaatee, kooxihii ciidanka hoos magaca "North" in ay jebiyaan in Leningrad on dhaqaaqo, inkasta oo hore soo dhawaaday u dhow magaalada. duqeyn nidaamsan bilowday tan iyo 4 September. Afar maalmood ka dib, cadowga qabtay magaalada Shlisselburg, taasoo keentay in isgaarsiinta dalka la hoostiisa Big Leningrad la joojiyay.

Dhacdadani waxa ay ku calaamadsan bilowgii gashaan hareeraynta magaalada. Waxaa soo baxday in ka badan 2.5 million oo qof, oo ay ku jiraan 400,000 oo carruur ah. In magaalada to top ee go'doominta ma ahaa sahayda cuntada lagama maarmaanka ah. Iyagu waa sida of September 12 ayaa keliya oo loo xisaabiyaa 30-35 maalmood (kibis), 45 maalmood (cereals) iyo 60 maalmood (hilibka). Xitaa dhuxusha gunti noqon kartaa filan tahay oo kaliya November, iyo shidaalka dareere ah - wax yar ka hor dhamaadka hadda. heerarka cuntada ayaa lagu soo rogay nidaam beekhaamin ah, waxay bilaabeen inay si tartiib tartiib ah hoos u.

Gaajada iyo qabow

Waxaa xaaladda sii xumeeyay by xaqiiqada ah in xilliga qaboobaha ee 1941 wuxuu ahaa ugu horeysa ee Russia, iyo in Leningrad - aad u kulul. Inta badan, heerkulbeegga in ay calaamad of -32 digrii degtay. Kumanaan qof ayaa u dhintay gaajo iyo qabow. peak ee dhimashada waa markii 20 November 25 December 1941 adag this. Muddadan, askari raashin oo kibis ah ayaa si weyn u dhimay - ilaa 500 garaam maalintii. Waayo, kuwa ka shaqeeya dukaamada kulul, waxay tiriyaa grams oo kaliya 375, iyo shaqaalaha kale iyo injineerada - 250. Waayo, qaybaha kale ee dadweynaha (carruurta, ku tiirsan iyo shaqaalaha) - Grammian 125 oo kaliya. shiidaa Ma jirin waxyaabaha kale. Waxay gaajo u dhintay on joogta ah maalin walba in ka badan 4 kun oo qof. Tiradan waxaa uu ka badan yahay 100 jeer heerka dhimashada pre-dagaal. Intaba halka dhimashada lab ka badan dumar. jinsi ah caddaallad ah by dhamaadka dagaalka ka dhigay qayb ka ugu weyn ee deggan Leningrad.

Doorka Life Roads in Victory

Ku xiran dalka qaadeen, sida la sheegay, The Road of Life hareereeyey Leningrad, marayay Lake Ladoga. Waxay ahayd jid keliya ee jiray muddada ka September 1941 ilaa Maarso 1943. Waxay ahayd on wadada this maray qaxidda ee qalabka warshadaha iyo dadka reer Leningrad, gaarsiinta magaalada cuntada, iyo sidoo kale hub, rasaas, shidaal iyo xoojiyo. All sidan si Leningrad u dhiibay in ka badan 1,615 million tons oo xamuul ah ayaa la daadgureeyay oo ku saabsan 1.37 milyan oo qof. In alaabtii qaboobaha marka hore u helay 360 oo kun oo metric, iyo dadka deggan ayaa la daadgureeyay in 539,4 kun. On u gudubno, khadka hoose la dhigay si ay u gudbiyaan waxyaabaha saliid.

Protection of Life Waddooyinka

Si joogto ah laguna duqeeyey Road ciidamada Life Hitler ee qalalin waddada kaliya ee lagu badbaado. Si ka weerarada cirka loo ilaaliyo, iyo sidoo kale hubinta howlgalka siman ee habka iyo ciidamada ee dalka ay ku lug lahaayeen difaaca hawada. In raadkeeda kala duwan iyo taxadiri hadda derdertay geesinimo dadka ka dhigtay in ay suurto gal ah in ay joojiyaan dhaqdhaqaaqa it on. Horeyn ka mid ah kuwan waa "Ring Broken" - Halabuurka a on Lake Ladoga, iyo askartii oo loo yaqaan "Rumbolovskaya Mountain", oo ku yaalla Vsevolozhsk; "Ubaxa of Life" (taallo tuulada Kowalewo), kaas oo u heellan in ay carruur, kuwaas oo ku noolaa in Leningrad gelin sannadahaas, iyo sidoo kale dhigay tuulada la magaca Black River Memorial Complex, halkaas oo askartii lagu dilay wadada Ladoga ah, la aasay in xabaalo wadareedyo.

Ka kaxaynta hareeraynta of Leningrad

The Go'doonsan of Leningrad ahayd la jebiyey markii ugu horeysay, sida aan ku sheegay, in 1943, oo ku saabsan 18 January. Tani waxay ciidamada ka fuliyeen ay jihooyin Volkhov iyo Leningrad, wada jir ah ula Fleet bari. Jarmalka ayaa dib u riixay. Operation "Iskra" ayaa waxaa lagu qabtay la habraaca guud ee ciidamada ciidamada Soofiyeeti, kaas oo si weyn loo horumariyo ee xilliga qaboobaha ee 1942-1943, ka dib markii ciidamada cadowga ayaa hareereeyey at Stalingrad. Army "North" dhaqmeen ciidamada Soviet. January 12 bilaabay ciidamada ah weerar oo ka mid ah jabhada Volkhov iyo Leningrad, oo waxay ka mideysan yihiin lix maalmood. January 18 la sii daayay Shlisselburg iyo bariyeelay cadowga istaraatiiji ah oo muhiim ah xeebaha koonfureed ee Lake Ladoga. iyo khadadka sameeyay waddada balladhkeedu ahaa 8-11 km u dhaxaysa. ma dhex 17 maalmood (oo kaliya ka fekero waqtiga this!) Road iyo xadiidka tareenka la dhigay. Ka dib markii in, sahayda magaalada ayaa si weyn hagaagtay. Go'doominta ayaa waxaa gebi ahaanba laga saaro on January 27. Maalinta jabiyay xanibaadda ee Leningrad ay astaan u rashka in iftiimiyey Samada magaalada this.

hareeraynta of Leningrad uu noqday taariikhda ugu daran. Inta badan oo ka mid ah dadka deegaanka kuwaas oo ku dhintay waqtiga, ayaa lagu aasay maanta laga helay Xabaalaha Memorial Piskarevskoe. Difaaca socday, in ay noqon sax ah, 872 maalmood. Leningrad ka hor dagaalka in mar dambe ka dib. Magaalada ayaa wax badan ka beddelay, oo waxay lahayd dib u dhiska badan dhismayaasha, qaar ka mid ah - in ay mar kale dhiso.

Qorka ee Tani Savichevoy

From dhacdooyinkii cabsida badan oo sano kuwa ka tagay badan oo caddaynta. Mid ka mid ah iyaga ka mid ah - qorka ee Tanya. Leningradka Savicheva Tatyana laga bilaabo uu dhaqanka at da'da 12 sano. Waxaa la ma daabacay, maxaa yeelay waxa ay ka kooban tahay oo keliya sagaal diiwaanka laga cabsado on xubnaha qoyska sida joogta ah ku dilay gabar ee Leningrad waqtiga. sidoo kale ku fashilantay in ay ka badbaadaan Tanya ugu. Tani buugga sida wax xuja ah, ku eedeeyay fashiistaha, ayaa lagu soo bandhigay maxkamadeeynta Nuremberg.

Waa dokumenti hadda in museum ee magaalada geesi, oo nuqul ka mid ah waxaa lagu hayaa in a xusuus kiiska galaas sheegnay xabaalo Piskaryovsky halkaas oo lagu aasay 570,000 Leningrad intii lagu jiray go'doominta u dhintay gaajo ama qaraxyo ka 1941 si ay u 1943, iyo in Moscow on Poklonnaya Hill .

Luminta daraaddiis ayaa xooggaygii gaajo gacanta ku Tolosnaada qoray ahayn. Caruurtu waxay saameeyeen qaba naftiisana ma uu karin inuu qabto dareenka live. Girl kaliya dhacdooyinka cabsida badan oo uu naftiisa - "booqashooyin dhimasho" oo guriga qoyskeeda. Tanya qoray in dhammaan Savichevs dhintay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, iyadu ma aqoonsan, hana dhimanina qarnigan oo dhan sii. Waxa uu badbaadiyey iyo soo qaatay walaashiis Nina. Ayay ku soo noqotay 1945 ee Leningrad, in gurigiisa, oo ka mid ah ku malaastaan, burburka iyo derbiyada dhashay buugga Thani helay. Brother Migaretionka sidoo kale ka soo kabsaday ka helay hore dhaawac halis ah. Girl helay nafteeda u adeegaya kooxaha fayadhowrka in bypassed guriga magaalada. Waxay gaajo darnaatay. Her, kali nool yahay, ayaa la daadgureeyay in xal aan sugnayn. Halkan, Agoonta badan heshay xoog, laakiin Tanya waxaa marnaba soo kabsaday. Dhakhaatiirtu waxay u diriray noloshiisa, laakiin waxay weli ku dhintay laba sano gudahood. Waxay ku dhintay 1944, July 1.