Maxay noqon karaan heerka ururka nolosha?

Life on meeraha hooyo waxaa wakiil kala duwan oo aad u balaadhan oo ah xayawaan kala duwan. Astaamaha hanti iyaga, waxaa go'aamiya dhowr arrimood - heerka horumarka evolutionary, xaaladaha deegaanka, iyo wixii la mid ah. Saddex guryaha asaasiga ah sifo kasta oo arrinta organic, waa is-dhaafsiga ee arrinta iyo tamarta la deegaanka oo dhan (tani waa calaamadaha ugu muhiimsan ee wax nool oo dhan), in caro (ie, awood u leh inay ka jawaabaan ku meersan external) iyo taranka (loo maqli karo noocyada iyaga u gaar ah). Heerarka Ururka nolosha, bayoolaji, taas oo ah mid aad u hodan ku ah dunida - waa a-dhismeedka jaranjaro abaabulay biosystems. madaxda degaanka this u muuqdaan in ay la dhisay on mabda'a ah ee kakanaanta dhismeedka of noolaha ah. Inta badan, bayoolajiga waa toddoba marxaladaha horumarinta nolosha, kelli Hidaha, soo raacay by heer gacanta, heerka unugyada, xubin, koritaanka (si kale loo dhigo - organismal), dadka-noocyada, deegaanka iyo caalamiga. Aynu u baaro si faahfaahsan.

Heerarka Ururka nolosha on Earth

Kelli hidaha. lakabka waxa ku jira qayb yar ee arrinta organic, noocyo kala duwan oo macromolecules: acids nucleic, carbohydrates, borotiin iyo waxyaabaha kale ee organic. Halkan waxaa ku dhashay bayoolajiga aad u muhiim ah, sida habaynteeda iyo gudbinta macluumaadka la iska dhaxlo, shiid, dheefshiidka, diinta tamarta, iyo wixii la mid ah.

Gacanta Organization Biological. cell waa unugga dhismaha iyo functional ah oo dhan noolaha caalamka. Sidaa darteed, geedi socodka la dhaca, waa ku saleysan oo dhan nolosha.

heerka unugyada. Waa a collection of unugyada, kuwaas oo la mid ah in asal ahaan, qaab-dhismeedka, iyo hawlaha la sameeyaa. Tani waxay sidoo kale waxaa ka mid ah walaxda intercellular.

Organ Ururka Biological. jirka kasta waa nooc ka mid ah qayb ka mid cidlo ah oo jidhka ah isagoo ah loo dejiyay qaab, goobta, qaab-dhismeedka, iyo fulinta shaqo gaar ah.

heerka Organismal (ama koritaanka). u shaqeeyo waa nidaam dhamaystiran unicellular ama multicellular nool, oo awood u leh hawlgal madax bannaan, dayactirka geedi socodka homeostatic. U shaqeeyo - set ah ku amray of hannaanka unugyada, unugyada iyo xubnaha.

Dadweynaha (ama noocyada) Biological Organization. View waa a collection ah oo ay shakhsiyaad in ay yihiin mid ah in qaab-dhismeedka in kasta oo kale oo ay leeyihiin asal ahaan caadi ah. shaqsiyaadka noocan oo kale ah si xor ah hybridize kasta oo kale, oo midho iyo farcankii macne siinayo. At dadka (s) of heerka habka of speciation, wado geedi socodka evolutionary.

Deegaanka (ama biogeocenotic). Biogeocoenosis la yiraahdo taariikh hormariyey dhigay ee noolaha ee noocyada kala duwan in la macaamilaan kala duwan ee arrimaha dabiiciga ah ee degaanka ka mid ah.

Global (Biosphere) Biological Organization. Biosphere - waa habka ugu sar daboolaya dhan ifafaale iyo geedi socodka nolosha ee hydrosphere, lithosphere iyo jawiga, iyo sidoo kale isu keeno dhammaan lafaguro ee adag oo ah hal. At heerka of biosphere ku xiran oo dhan noolaha ee caalamka.