Biological Organization

Duur-joogta waa dhamaystiran, laakiin arrin nidaamka Nuurre Aw, waayo, taas oo ah dabeecad u ah urur la madaxda cad. Waa hanti this iyo inay muujiyaan heerarka wax-u ah urur ka mid ah nolosha. In nidaamka this, dhammaan si cad u diyaarin, laga bilaabo ugu hooseeya si ay amarka ugu sareeya.

Biological Organization - nidaam jaranjaro by amar hoose in bandhigayaa oo keliya ma aha dabiiciga ah ee hababka noolaha, laakiin sidoo kale ay dhibaatooyin tartiib ah ee la xiriirta in kasta oo kale. Maanta go'aansanay in loo qoondeeyo sideed heerarka ugu muhiimsan ee

Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa jira ururada soo socda nidaamka:

1. Micro - marxalad gaar ah doorganizmennaya in ka mid ah heerarka kelli iyo subcellular.

2. Mezosistema - waa, heerka ku xiga organismic. Waxaa ka mid ah gacanta, unugyada, xubin, nidaamka, iyo heerarka u shaqeeyo ururka nolosha.

Waxaa sidoo kale jira Dhaqale oo ka koobnaan hannaanka Superorganismal ee heerarka.

Sidoo kale waa in la ogaadaa in heer kasta waxay leedahay astaamo u gaar ah, kaas oo hoos laga wada hadli doono.

Doorganizmennye Biological Organization

Waxaa la aqbalo in loo qoondeeyo labada tallaabo oo aasaasi ah:

1. Ururka Biological kelli - dhigan tahay heerka hawlgalka iyo urur ee macromolecules noolaha, oo ay ku jiraan borotiinada, acids nucleic, subaga iyo polysaccharides. Halkan bilaabaa habka ugu muhiimsan ee nolosha ee u shaqeeyo wax - Neefta cell, Isbadal tamarta iyo gudbinta macluumaad hidde.

2. Heerka Subcellular - halkan waxaa ka mid ah urur ka mid ah organelles gacanta, kuwaasoo mid walba uu u qabata door muhiim ah unugyada nolosha.

Organismic Biological Organization

Kooxdan waxaa ka mid ah nidaamka ah in la hubiyo daacadnimada jidhka oo dhan. Waxaa go'aansanay in loo qoondeeyo soo socda:

1. Gacanta Ururka Biological. Waxaa qarsoon ma ahn in cell waa unugga dhismaha kasta u shaqeeyo nool. Waaxa loo bartay oo isticmaalaya cytological, cytochemical, cytogenetic iyo hababka microbiological.

2. heerarka Cadka. Halkan diiradda waa in la siiyo qaab-dhismeedka, sifooyinka iyo shaqada noocyada kala duwan ee unugyada, kuwaas oo, dhab ahaantii, waxay ka kooban yihiin jirkooda. Daraasadda ee dhismayaasha, kuwaas oo ku lug leh histology iyo histochemistry.

3. Heerka Organ. organisms Multicellular waxaa lagu gartaa heerka cusub ee ururka. Halkan waxaa ku qoran qaar ka mid ah kooxaha dhar lagu daro, la xirrira qaab taxan hawlo gaar ah. Qayb kasta waa qayb ka mid ah u shaqeeyo nool a, laakiin aan si madaxbanaan jiri karaan ka baxsan waxaa ka mid ah. Tani heerka waxbarasho cilmiga sida jirka, anatomy iyo embryology ku qiyaasay qaar ka mid ah.

heerka Organismal ka dhigan labada noolaha unicellular iyo multicellular. Ka dib oo dhan, qof kasta waa nidaam isku dhafan gudahood oo u kaxaystay oo dhammu geeddi socodka muhiim ah oo nolosha. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxay xisaabta lagu darsado iyo habka of unugyada labka iyo dheddiga, horumarka iyo koritaanka, iyo sidoo kale gabowga ah ee u shaqeeyo gaar ah. heerkan bartay by cilmiga jirka, embryology, genetics, anatomy, paleontology.

Supraorganismal Biological Organization

Halkan waxaa xisaabta lagu darsado aan ahayn noolaha iyo qaybo ay dhismaha iyo set gaar ah oo xayawaankii.

1. Heerka Population-gaar ah. unit aasaasiga ah halkan waa dadka - set oo ah noolaha nooc gaar ah in deggan dhulka si wanaagsan u qeexan. dadka oo dhan awood u si xor ah interbreeding kasta oo kale. Daraasaddu waxay ku lug heerka this of sayniska sida Taxonomy, ecology, genetics dadka, biogeography, Taxonomy.

Heerka 2. deegaanka - waxaa xisaabta lagu darsadaa bulshooyinka waara ee dadka kala duwan, jiritaanka kaas oo xidhiidh dhow oo ku xidhan ee dabiiciga ah walax, xaaladaha cimilada, iwm Guud ahaan, waxbarasho ee heerka urur ku lug ecology ..

3. Heerka Biosphere - ayaa ah nooc ugu sareeya ee ururka nolosha, taas oo ah set caalami ah oo biogeocenosis caalamka oo dhan.