Moscow Grand Princess Sophia Palaeologus iyo doorka ay taariikhda

Naagtan waxay waxaa lagu tiriyaa badan falalka muhiim ah xukuumadda. Waa maxay sidaa cajiib ah, waayo, Sofya Paleolog? xaqiiqooyinka Interesting ku saabsan, iyo sidoo kale macluumaadka taariikh nololeedkooda laga soo ururiyey in this article.

Sii Cardinal

In Moscow ee February 1469 yimid Safiirka ee Cardinal Vissarion. Waxa uu dhiibay warqaddii u Duke Grand la soo jeedinta ah in ay guursadaan Sofia, gabadhii Theodore aan, despot Morea. Waana mid ka, ee warqaddan, oo waxay ku yidhaahdeen in Sofiya Paleolog (magaca dhabta ah - Zoe, waxaa la go'aamiyay inuu bedeli doono sababaha diblomaasiyadeed Orthodox) horay loo caleemo saaray diiday laba kooxaha in ay iyada soo jiito. Waxay ahayd ee Duke of Milan iyo boqorka Faransiis. Xaqiiqada ah in Sophia ma doonayaan in ay guursadaan Catholic ah.

Sofia Palaeologus (of course, sawirka iyada, laakiin kama ay helin, laakiinse Wehbe waxaa lagu soo bandhigay in this article), sida ay fikradaha wakhtigaas fog, waxay ahayd ma sii dhallinyaro ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, weli ahaa mid aad u soo jiidasho leh. Waxay ahayd dhegeysiga, indhaha aad u qurux badan, iyo sidoo kale matte maqaarka jilicsan oo waxaa loo tixgeliyaa in Russia calaamad caafimaad wanaagsan. Ka sokow article kala duwan aroosadda oo maanka af badan.

Yuu yahay Sofia Fominichna Paleologos?

Sophia Fominichna - walaasha ee Constantine XI Palaeologus, boqor ugu dambeeyey ee Byzantium. Tan iyo 1472 iyadu waa naagtii reer Ivan III. Aabaheed waxa uu Foma Paleolog, kuwaas oo ula cararay qoyskiisa Rome ee 1453, ka dib markii Turkigu guulaystay Constantinople. Sofya Paleolog noolaa aabbihiis daryeelka ee Pope weyn ka dib. Waayo, noocyo kala duwan oo sababo, uu doonayo in uu guursado in Ivan III, armalooyinka ah ee 1467. Waxa uu sheegay in ay haa tahay.

Sofia Palaeologus dhashay wiil ee 1479, kaas oo markii dambe u noqday Vasily III Ivanovich. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxa uu ka dhigay ad Basil Grand Duke, meel kaas oo ahaa in ay qaataan Dmitry, awow ee Ivan III, waxaa loo caleemo saaray Tsar. Ivan III guursaday Sophia loo isticmaalaa in lagu xoojiyo Russia saaxadda caalamka.

Icon "Waxaa barakaysan jannada" iyo image of Michael III

Sofia Palaeologus, Grand Duchess of Moscow, keenay dhowr walxood Orthodox. Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in mid ka mid ah ahaa, iyo icon "Waxaa barakaysan jannada", image dhif ah oo ka mid ah Hooyo Ilaah. Waxay ahayd ee Kremlin ee Mikaa'iil Cathedral. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xeerkii kale, relic waa kacsanayd ka Constantinople si Smolensk, oo markii dambe ku soo duulay Lithuania, icon this ahaa mid la barakeeyey in ay guursadaan Sofyu Vitovtovnu, amiirad markii ay guursatay Vasili aan, Prince of Moscow. image in haatan waa in cathedral ee, waxaa ku qoran liiska walxood qadiimiga ah, ka dhigay in goor dambe oo qarnigii 17-kii amarka of Fedor Alekseevich (hoos ku sawiran). Muscovites dhaqan keenay saliid laambad iyo biyo aan icon this. Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in ay ka buuxsamay guryaha bogsiinaya, maxaa yeelay image uu ku bogsiinaya awoodaha. icon Tanu hadda waa mid ka mid ah ugu qadarin ee dalkeenna.

In Cathedral Mikaa'iil ka dib markii arooska ee Ivan III ayaa sidoo kale u muuqday image ah Michael III, Emperor Byzantine, kuwaas oo ahaa aasaasihii Palaeologus guri ammaan. Sayidka, ku dooday in Moscow waa bedelka si Empire Byzantine ah, iyo taliyayaashii Russia - dhaxla oo ka mid ah boqorada Byzantine.

dhalashada kii dhaxalka lahaa dheer la sugayay

Ka dib markii Sofiya Paleolog, xaaskiisa labaad ee Ivan III, wuxuu ahaa xaas isaga u at Cathedral male ah, waxayna noqotay naagtiisii, waxay bilowday inay ka fikirto sida ay ku heli karaan saameyn ka dhigi Boqorad dhab ah. Palaeologus ogaaday in this waa in ay soo bandhigaan oo hadiyad ahaan u, amiirka oo keliya kan waxaas sameeyaa noqon kara: in ay dhalaan wiil, kaasoo ahaan doona kii dhaxalka lahaa carshiga. Nasiib darro Sophia, waxay ahayd gabadhii ugu horeysay u dhashay, kuwaas oo ku dhintay waxyar ka dib dhalashada. Sannad ka dib gabadha waxaa mar kale dhalan, oo si lama filaan ah u dhintay. Sofia Palaeologus qayliyey, Ilaah buu baryay in iyada la siiyo kii dhaxalka lahaa, dhiibteen baxay cantoobooyin sadaqo saboolka ah, si ay ugu deeqday macbudyo ka. Muddo ka dib, Hooyo Ilaah uu maqlay salaadda iyada - Sofia Palaeologus uuraysatay mar kale.

ugu dambeyntii Her Biography ay astaan dhacdo dheer la sugayay. Waxaa dhacay on March 25, 1479 at 8 pm, sida ku qoran mid ka mid ah taariikhda Moscow. Wiilka. Waxa loo magacaabay Vasiliem Pariyskim. wiil ayaa lagu baabtiisay Vasiyan, Rostov Archbishop, Sergiev keniisad.

Taasi keeneen Sophia

Sophie u suurtagashay in ay abuurto wax uu jeclaa in ay iyada u gaar ah, iyo in ka mahad fahamsan yahay in Moscow. Waxay keeneen caadooyinka iyada iyo dhaqanka maxkamadda Byzantine, kibirka asal ahaan u gaar ah, iyo sidoo kale niyad maxaa yeelay, iyadu lahaa in ay guursadaan addoon ka mid ah-Mongol tataarka. Waa dhib in Sophie jeclaa halleeyo lillaahinimada iyo xaaladda ka jirta Moscow, iyo sidoo kale xiriirka xorriyad in adkaaday waqtiga maxkamadda. Ivan III qudhiisa ayaa lagu qasbay in ay dhegeystaan hadalka reproachful ka boyars in reerihii. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, magaalada iyo iyada oo aan wax, badan oo doonayo in la beddelo si hore ma aha waafaqsan qodobada Qaranimo Muscovite ah. Oo naagtii Ivan III la Gariigta ah, oo waxay soo geliyeen, oo kii Roman, Byzantine iyo nolosha arkay, ku siin karaan hanuun qiimo Ruush oo ku saabsan sida shaybaarka iyo sida loo fuliyo dhammaan isbeddellada la doonayo.

saamayn of Sofia

Xaaska of Prince ma diidi karaan saamaynta on nolosha Backstage barxadda iyo deegaanka madaxtooyada. Waxay si farsamo ku dhisan xidhiidh shakhsi ahaaneed, iyadu ma ay maareeyo si ay intrigues maxkamadda kaamil ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, siyaasadda Paleologos jawaabi kara oo keliya soo jeedin in celiyay fikirrada aan caddayn oo qarsoon Ivan III. Gaar ahaan cad jiray fikirka ah in iyada guur Princess dhigaysa qaateyaasha taliyayaashii Muscovite oo ka mid ah boqorada Byzantine in danaha East Orthodox ka, ku dhagan habkii hore ee. Sidaa darteed, Sofyu Paleolog ee caasimada gobolka Ruush qiimeeyo inta badan sida amiirad Byzantine, laakiin ma amiirad sida weyn Moscow. Waxaa la fahamsan yahay, waxay ahayd. Sida Princess Sophia riyaaqay xaq u leeyahay inuu aqbalo safaaradaha ajnabiga ah ee Moscow. Sidaa darteed, arooskii iyada Ivan ahayd nooc ka mid ah dibad-siyaasadeed. Adduunka oo dhan, waxaa la sheegay in dhaxalka lahaa in guryaha Byzantine, dhacay wax yar ka hor, xuquuqda madax isaga wareejiyo Moscow, taas oo uu noqday Constantinople cusub. Halkan, iyadu qaybsada xuquuqda la xaaskaaga.

dib u dhiska Kremlin, markii la afgembiyey harqood ilkeed ah

Ivan dareemay booskiisa cusub saaxadda caalamiga ah, wuxuu helay deegaanka Kremlin hore fool xun iyo hawadu. From Italy, raaceen by amiirad, iyadu saaray saaxir. Waxay dhisay on site ka mid ah madaxdii muusikaystayaasha alwaax ah oo weji duwan Rugta, Cathedral male ah (Vasiliya Blazhennogo), iyo guriga boqorka dhagax cusub. Kremlin The waqtigan bilaabay inuu dabaylaha ilaa barxadda of a xafladaha adag oo dhib badan, warar ah ee nolosha oo iskibrin Moscow iyo qallafsanaan. Sida uu madaxtooyada, Ivan III bilaabay inuu hadlo, iyo xiriirka dibadda wiiqmin dheeraad ah shir quduus. Gaar ahaan marka harqood Tataarka dagaal la'aan, sidii keligeed, waxaa garbihiisa ka soo dhacay. Oo waxaay awoodda ku dhowaad laba qarniyo badan oo dhan waqooyi-bari rus 'ah (ka 1238 in 1480 sano). luqad cusub waa ka weyn, u muuqataa waqtigan in securities dowladda, gaar ahaan diblomaasiyadeed. Mid ka mid ah uu helo erey xaqse.

Doorka Sophia afgembigii harqood ilkeed ah

Palaeologus ee Moscow ma jeclaan for saamaynta balaaran waxa by on Duke Grand ah, iyo sidoo kale isbedelka nolosha Moscow - "xasillooni weyn" (in erayada Boyar Bersen-Beklemisheva). Sophia fara ma aha oo kaliya in qoyska, laakiin sidoo kale in arrimaha dibadda. Waxay dalbadeen in Ivan III diiday in uu bixiyo cashuur Khan Horde iyo ugu dambeyntii sii daayay xagga xooggiisa. Palaeologus talo xirfad leh, sida laga arday vo ah Klyuchevskii, had iyo jeer la kulmo niyad ninkeeda. Sidaas daraaddeed wuu diiday inuu bixiyo canshuurtii. Ivan III tuntay warqad Khan ee Zamoskovreche on dayrka Ordynsky. Later on meeshan isbeddelid Church waxaa la dhisay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dadka ka dibna "Daadiyey" on Palaeologus. Ka hor inta Ivan III la sii daayey ee 1480 si weyn taagan on Ugra ah, uu si Beloozero xaaskiisa iyo caruurtiisa diray. Inta lagu jiro in maadooyinka loo aaneeyey ka Emperor waxa uu doonayaa in la siiyo ilaa awood ay dhacdo in Moscow qaadan lahaa Khan Akhmat, wuxuuna la joogayaa naagtiisa carari.

"Duma" iyo isbedelka ku dhacay daaweynta keceen

Ivan III ee, ka harqoodka la sii daayay, si ay u dareemaan at Boqortooyada ee la soo dhaafay Qaranimo. Dadaalka aadaab madaxtooyada Sophia bilaabay inuu eg Byzantine ah. Oo amiirku waa inuu naagtiisa ka dhigay a "hadiyad" by Ivan III Palaeologus loo ogol yahay si ay u ururiyaan xubnaha wefdigiisa u gaar ah "Duma" iyo hay ay nus ka mid ah "dhaweyntiisa diblomaasiyadeed." Princess helo safiirada shisheeye iyo edeb leh hadlay iyaga. Waxa uu ahaa cibaaro aan horay loo arag, waayo, Russia. Rafcaanka ee maxkamadda gooyo sidoo kale beddelay.

xaaskiisa Sofia Palaeologus keenay xuquuqda madax iyo xaq u leeyahay inuu carshiga Byzantine, sida uu u sheegay F. Uspensky, taariikhyahan ah oo uu bartay muddo this. Boyars lahaa inuu xisaab qaato waxaa la. Ivan iii ugu horeeyay jecel yahay muran iyo diidmo, laakiin in Sofia uu si qoto dheer bedelay daaweynta ee ay maxkamadda. Ivan bilaabeen inay qabtaan horyaalka hanatay, si fudud kaga cadhaysiiyeen, dulli inta badan ay ku soo rogeen, dalbanayaan ixtiraam gaar ah isaga. Oo intaas oo dhammu Dhibba warkeeda ayaa sidoo kale sabab u ah saamaynta Sofi Paleolog.

Halganka loogu jiro carshiga

Waxay ahayd mid lagu eedeeyay xadgudub ku xigta. Cadaawayaashaada ee 1497 ayaa u sheegay in Sofia Palaeologus ku dhagreen, in lagu sumeeyo uu awow u dhigay ina gaar ah uu carshiga in booqasho qarsoodi ah isku diyaarineysa saaxirad sun qurub oo isagu qayb ka shirqool iyo Basil qudhiisu this amiirka. Ivan III arrintan qaaday dhinaca uu awow. Waxaa lagu amray in Maansheeyo ee saaxirad Moscow River, xiro Vasily oo naagtiisii ayuu ka guureen, dhankiisa tilmaamay in dilka dhowr xubnood oo ka mid ah "Duma" Palaeologus. In 1498, Ivan III waxaa loo caleemo saaray in waseeqeeyay Cathedral ee Dmitry sida kii dhaxalka lahaa carshiga.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Sophia ahaa in awoodda dhiigga ee maxkamadda intrigues. Waxay ku eedeeyay Elenu Voloshanku ay ka go'an tahay in ay faasiqnimo iyo waxa ay awood u hoos. Grand Duke saaray ceeb in uu awow iyo gabadh, oo wuxuu u yeedhay Basil ee 1500 kii dhaxalka lahaa eeliyaa carshiga.

Sofya Paleolog: door taariikhda

Guurka Sofi Paleolog iyo Ivan III, dabcan, xoogaystay gobolka Muscovite. Waxa uu ka qayb qaatay in uu isbadal galay Rome Saddexaad. Sofia Palaeologus ku noolaa muddo ka badan 30 sano ee Russia, isagoo dhalashada siiyey in 12 carruur ah si ay ninkeeda. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, iyadu ma u maamulaan si buuxda u fahmaan dal shisheeye, sharciyada iyo dhaqamada ay. Xataa ee taariikhda rasmiga ah la kulmi record xukumeen ay dhaqanka xaaladaha qaar ka mid ah, ku adag tahay dalka.

Sofia soo jiitay injineero Ruush caasimada iyo fanaaniin kale, iyo sidoo kale dhakhaatiirta. Abuurista injineero Talyaani aan sameeyey liita Moscow oo ay haybad iyo qurux ka mid ah caasimadaha reer Europe. Waxay qeyb ka tahay xoojinta sharafta of State Moscow ee, ku adkeeyay sii socodka ah ee caasimadda Ruushka ee Rome Labaad.

dhimashada ee Sofia

Sophia ku dhintay Moscow on August 7, 1503 Waxaa la aasay loosoo keniisad ee Kremlin Moscow ee. Bishii December 1994, oo xidhiidh la leh kala iibsiga si Mikaa'iil Cathedral ee hadhaagii boqorka iyo naagihii amiirradii 'SA Nikitin raagayaan dhakada ee Sofia dib iyada sawirka sculptural (sawirka). Hadda waxaan xitaa ku dhowaad Maskaxda eegi karaa sida Sofya Paleolog. xaqiiqooyinka xiiso leh iyo qoraalada taariikh nololeedkooda iyada oo ku saabsan tiro badan yihiin. Waxaan isku daynay in ay doortaan ugu muhiimsan, xisaabiyenimo this article.