Mucaaradka Non-systemic: fikradda, wakiilada iyo madaxda

Ku dhowaad dhammaan oo ka mid ah muwaadiniinta Russia maqlay muddo sida "mucaaradka non-systemic." Laakiinse mid kastaaba uu leeyahay fikrad u gaar ah oo ay nuxurka. Inta badan, view this xiriir halkii fog xaqiiqda. Waa maxay a mucaaradka non-systemic ee Russia, kuwaas oo hawlaha isaga ka hor iyo kii hoggaamiyayaasheeda? Aan ka heli jawaabaha saxda ah su'aalahan.

Fikradda ah non-habka mucaaradka

Mucaaradka Non-systemic - xoog siyaasadeed oo laftiisa soo horjeedo in xukuumadda hadda jirta ee dalka, laakiin waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa habab aan baarlamaanka ee halganka. Ururada noocan oo kale ah si dhif ah ka qayb qaataan doorashooyinka. Booskiisa siyaasadeed ay muujiyaan dibad ah, curyaamin rafcaanka dadweynaha si ay go'aanno ka mid ah maamulka, iyo mararka qaarkood ku qasbi inay afgembiyaan.

xaaladda in sabab u noqon kara dhawr arrimood:

• la'aanta ah ee rumaysadka kuwa ka galaa oo aan nidaamka mucaaradka iyo suurtagalnimada ee hab dimuqraadi ah si xoog ka tirsan ciidamada siyaasadeed ee gacanta ka saar, sii joogi xoog.
• falalka qorsheysan ee maamulka si looga hortago in ururada qaarkood in nidaamka doorashada.
• The ganaax rasmi ah oo ku saabsan waxqabadyada ururada qaar ka mid ah in ay yihiin aan nidaamka mucaaradka.

item la soo dhaafay waxaa loola jeedaa inta badan in kooxaha kala duwan, dhaqdhaqaaqa dhan yahay xag jirka ama anti-gobolka qof. Dhaleeceeynta wakiilada tallaabada dowladda ee mucaaradka non-systemic had iyo jeer ma aha wax dhisid ah. Inta badan, waxay ka soo horjeeda wax kasta oo tallaabooyinka ay qaadeen maamulka.

ah ee aan nidaamka mucaaradka

Ereyga "mucaaradka non-systemic" muuqday Russia agagaarka Warega of Millennium. Sanadkii 2003, inta lagu guda jiro doorashooyinka State Duma, xisbiga deeqsi ah "Yabloko", madax Grigoriem Yavlinskim, iyo Ururka Xuquuqda Forces (SPS), hogaaminayo Boris Nemtsov aan ku gudbin ee Baarlamaanka. In Duma State waxay ahaayeen kuwa bulshooyinka in ay yihiin mid ka mid ah ama qaab kale oo ay taageerayaan siyaasadda hoggaanka Ruush hadda. Sayidka, tiro ka mid ah shaqsiyaadka, kuwaas oo hore loo isticmaalay in la tixgeliyo "xulalka" ee Olympus siyaasadeed, ayaa laga saaray nolosha baarlamaanka ee dalka. Dhab ahaantii Tani dhigay in iyaga by eedeeyay musuqmaasuq doorashada xukumada.

Aan awoodin in ay saamayn nolosha hababka baarlamaanka ee dalka, ciidamada mucaaradka waxaa lagu qasbay in ay u dhaqmaan habab kale. Markaasay waxay bilaabeen inay abaabulaan dibad mass caasinnimada qaabeeya maamulka. Tan iyo markii noocan ah hawl ahaa cusub iyaga, oo caan ka mid ah dadweynaha ayaa loo sii kordheysa dhacaysa, ciidamada deeqsi haray dibadda baarlamaanka, lagu qasbay inay doondoonaan sokeeye ka badan khibrad ciyaarta garoonka this. Waxay ahaayeen kooxaha mucaaradka kala duwan, iyadoo xaaladda semi-sharci, ama xataa mamnuuc ah in Russia. The ugu weyn ka mid ah kuwan ahaa National Party Bolshevik Eduard Limonov iyo Vanguard ee Red Youth Sergei Udaltsov. Sidaas daraaddeed, waxaa jiray mucaaradka non-systemic.

Taariikhda waxqabadka mucaaradka aan nidaamka

Dibad-horeysay, midaynta ee "Apple", PCA-ga iyo xisbiga Bolshevik Qaranka, meel ku qaaday March 2004. Isla mar ahaantaana uu abaabulay ah "Guddiga-2008", taas oo mid ka mid ah doorarka keentay ciyaaray ciyaaryahanka chess halyeeyga Garry Kasparov. Ujeeddada ugu weyn ee ururku jiray si ay isugu diyaariyaan doorashada madaxweynaha ee 2008, sida 2004, waxa la filayay, mucaaradka ayaa fursad u lahayn. "Difaaca" abuuray dhaqdhaqaaqa bulshada ee March 2005, qaab-dhismeedka dhalinyarada ee xisbiga "Yabloko" iyo SPS ah. Mid ka mid ah hoggaamiyayaasheeda u ahaa Ilya Yashin.

In xagaaga 2005, Garry Kasparov noqday madaxa ururka cusub - Civil Front Midoobay. Isla sanadkaas ugu horeysay "March ee Muranka" la bilaabay bulshada this - talaabo dibad waddo, si loo beddelo nidaam siyaasadeed. Wixii dhacdadan, ayaa ku biiray by ururada kale ee mucaaradka ah. "Socod ee Muranka" si joogto ah u qabtay 2005 ilaa 2009. Waxa ay noqon nooca ugu weyn ee ra'yi dhiibashada ee booska uu ka soo horjeeda ee xukuumadda hadda jirta.

isku dayaan in ay midoobaan

In 2006, wakiilo ka non-habka mucaaradka imtixaanay isku hal urur, taas oo duwo lahaa falalka ay caadi. tafaraaruqa Taasi waxay ahayd sababta ugu weyn ee fashilka mucaaradka siyaasadeed. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, la siiyo ay promiscuity, ma aha la yaab leh. urur cusub ayaa loo yaqaan "The Russia kale". Waxaa ka mid ah ururada mucaaradka sida ka UCF, Bolsheviks Qaranka, "Difaaca", "Working Russia", AKM, "Change". Waa "Russia kale" hawluhu si wadajir ah ciidamada mucaaradka iyo burburiyaha ah "March ee Muranka".

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, haddii inta lagu guda jiro dibad ururka maamula si ay u abuuraan mass, la dagaallanka for votes, xisbiyada mucaaradka oo wakiil ka ah non-systemic, wuxuu sii waday inuu ciyaaro. Sida ay natiijada doorashada baarlamaanka ee 2007, ayay haddana ma dhici in Duma Gobolka. In 2008 doorashada madaxweynaha ma ahayn hal wakiil oo aan nidaamka mucaaradka ah: Garry Kasparov iyo Mikhail Kasyanov loo diiday diiwaan gelinta ku salaysan non-waafaqsan nidaamka, iyo Boris Nemtsov intuu ku noqday. aasaaska kuwo ku kala duwan fikirka ah kooxaha mucaaradka ayaa loo dejiyay burburkii ka mid ah "kale Russia". ururka waxaa la kala diri ee 2010, iyo brand laftiisa ayaa loo isticmaali jiray xisbiga abuuray Eduard Limonov.

Laga soo bilaabo burburkii ka mid ah "kale Russia" in Qoyan ah

Tan iyo 2010 wuxuu bilaabay marxaladda cusub ee taariikhda mucaaradka non-systemic. Laga soo bilaabo in ay mar kale kor u qarxay, inkastoo mar wax ka badan ururka isku dayay inuu ku biiro. Muddadan, dadweynaha guud ayaa noqday blogger caan Alexei Navalny, kuwaas oo horey u ahaa xubin ka mid ah xisbiga "Yabloko". Fame uu kasbaday articles, kuwaas oo ay leeyihiin diiradda la-dagaallanka musuqmaasuqa ah. Isla mar ahaantaana on garabka hore ee dhaqdhaqaaqa mucaaradka ah ee soo baxay dhaq-Violetta Volkova. In muddo this ahaayeen dhacdooyinka sida weyn oo bulshada ka mid ah mucaaradka sida a "Maalinta Cadho", "Strategy-31", "Putin waa inay ka baxaan", "March of Malaayiin" iyo kuwa kale.

Jawaabta ugu weyn waxaa haysta "March of Malaayiin" ee Moscow ee May 2012, kaas oo lagu tiriyaa inay ku beeganto doorashada Madaxweynaha Vladimir Putin ayaa Russia. tafaraaruqa Action wakiilada mucaaradka mar kale door muhiim ah. Qayb ka mid ah madaxda keentay taageerayaashooda ee aagga kaneecada. Waxaa jiri jiray oo olole xoog by hay'adaha fulinta sharciga ah. Raacay by xarigga mass ee u ololeeya.

Xaaladda hadda jirta

Waxaa jira isbeddello socota oo ah dadka qaar badan oo ka mid ah hoos u dhac tirada dadka ka mid ah ururada matalaya mucaaradka non-systemic ah. Mararka qaarkood waxaa dhaca u kaca ee dhaqdhaqaaqa dibad, labadaba inta lagu jiro kulan, tan iyo markii kacaanka ee Ukraine. Laakiin falalka ay ka midka yihiin qof goos goos ah iyo unsystematic. Xitaa dilka mid ka mid ah hoggaamiyayaasha dhaqdhaqaaqa - Boris Nemtsov - ma noqonin mid horseeda in falalka mass.

wakiilada qaar ka mid ah non-habka mucaaradka hadda dibada u haajiray. Tusaale ahaan, Garry Kasparov. aan systemic mucaaradka ciidamada siyaasadeed ee hadda la barbardhigo muddo hore ka mid ah, waxa ay ka heshay xisbiga saameyn weyn Mikhail Kasyanov yeedhay Parnassus.

ciidamada siyaasadeed

Sida kor ku xusan, Ururada xubin ka mid ah mucaaradka non-systemic, waxay leeyihiin views fikirka aad u kala duwan. Dhab ahaantii, waxay ka mideysan yihiin oo kaliya by mucaaradka dowladda Ruush hadda. Wixii aan nidaamka mucaaradka jira xisbiga Libaraalka ( "Apple", Parnas, hore PCA), hantiwadaagnimadu ah (AKM, "Working Russia"), waddaniyiinta (NBP), iyo kuwa kale.

madaxda

doorka A weyn ee dhaqdhaqaaqa ciyaaray by madaxda mucaaradka non-systemic. Aan ka hadalno iyaga oo ku saabsan si faahfaahsan. Mid ka mid ah hogaamiyaha ugu caansan waa Boris Nemtsov. Markii hore, ayuu qabtay xilka taliyaha oo ka mid ah gobolka Nizhny Novgorod, iyo hoos Boris Yeltsin, wuxuuna ka mid ahaa in muddo ah, xitaa madaxa dawladda. Laakiin ka dib markii uu xilka Vladimira Putina tegey dhintay mucaaradka. Tan iyo 1999, ayuu by xisbiga SPS keentay. Ilaa 2003, wuxuu ahaa madaxdii reer kooxaha eponymous in Duma ah. Sannadkii 2008, ka dib markii diridooda ku Midowgii Xuquuqda Ciidamada, bilaabay in la aasaaso "Solidarity" dhaqdhaqaaqa. Later, wuxuu ahaa mid ka mid ah Aasaasayaasha xisbiga "RPR-Parnassus". Lagu dilay February 2015.

wakiilka kale ee mucaaradka ah ee non-systemic, hore u soo booqday xoogga waa Mikhail Kasyanov. In 2000 hore, wuxuu ahaa madaxa dawladda Ruush. Markaas guurtay mucaaradka furan. Waa hoggaamiyaha xisbiga Parnas.

Waayo, xubno ka mid ah mucaaradka Violetta Volkova. By xirfad iyadu waa qareen, sidaas darteed in dadaalka ugu weyn ee diiradda on doodid. sarreysey ee ay hawlaha ay u 2011-2012 dhacay.

Alexei Navalny - blogger ah si fiican u yaqaan, dadka naqdiya qorsheyaasha dawladda iyo musuqmaasuq muujinta. Waxa uu hore u ahaa xubin ka mid ah xisbiga "Yabloko", laakiin ka dibna laga saaray ka. In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in Navalny waa naqdi ah warka badan ee musuqmaasuqa dawladda, ayaa lagu xukumay for lunsiga hantida helay xukun ganaax. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xubnaha mucaaradka ah waxay aaminsan yihiin in kiiska yahay mid been abuur.

Garry Kasparov - Kooxda heysata horyaalka chess dunida halyeeyga, waxaa sidoo kale qaadato qayb firfircoon ee ay muddaaharaadyada. Gaar ahaan firfircoon - ka dib 2005. Wuxuu ahaa bilaabaha ugu weyn ee dhaqdhaqaaqa FMG ah, iyo sidoo kale ka mid ah "March ee Muranka". Currently, uu ka tagay Russia.

dareenka Dadweynaha

In bulshada waxaa jira aragti halkii maqlana on hoggaamiyayaasha mucaaradka aan nidaamka. Waxay caan hoos, iyo heerka taageerada maamulada - waxaa sii kordhaya. Xataa qaar ka mid ah kuwa dadka ku qanacsanayn falalka xukuumadda hadda jirta, rumaysnahay in hogaamiyayaal keeni kartaa dalka si sharaf leh in aan nidaamka mucaaradka. qayladoodii Public sababay erayadii sheegay madaxa Chechnya, Ramzan Kadyrov, a mucaaradka aan nidaamka. Waxay baahin channels badan TV. Waxa uu sheegay in hoggaamiyayaasha mucaaradka ah ay isku dayayaan in ay helaan ammaan ee dhaleeceyn madaxweynaha of Russia iyo xaaladda adag ee dhaqaale ee dalka, tahay qarandumis. Waayo, kanu waa in lagu xukumo sida sharciga. Taas oo uu sheegay Kadyrov on aan nidaamka mucaaradka, waxa ay ka tarjumaysaa aragtida qayb weyn oo ka mid ah dadweynaha.

Isla mar ahaantaana waa in la sheegay in ay jirto qayb ka mid ah bulshada, kuwaas oo si buuxda u taageersan falalka hogaamiyayaasha ciidamada mucaaradka.

rajada

Future aan nidaamka mucaaradka halkii aan caddayn. Her taageero ka mid ah codbixiyayaasha sii kordheysa dhaco. Fursadaha in wakiilada mucaaradka ay awoodaan in ay galaan baarlamaanka noqon doontaa, ayaa ku dhow inay eber. tafaraaruqa ee mucaaradka u dhexeeya ururada shaqsi waa wax xoog badan, iyo ururrada - xaaladeed. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa in la xuso in badan oo dowladda Ruush ku xidhan tahay inta ay noqon doontaa niyadda dibad xoog leh ee bulshada. Kor u qaadidda heerka nolosha waa awood xitaa dheeraad ah si loo yareeyo doorka mucaaradka.