Nasjonalromantiske sida dhaqdhaqaaq suugaanta. Nasjonalromantiske suugaanta qarnigii 19aad

socodka Tani waa mid ka mid ah dhacdooyinka iyo farshaxanka waaweyn ee dhaqanka ee qarnigii XIX ah ee Russia, Europe iyo America. Nasjonalromantiske sida dhaqdhaqaaq suugaanta dhashay goor dambe oo qarnigii XVIII, laakiin gaadhay barwaaqo ugu weyn ee 1830s ah. Tan iyo 1850naadkii hore, muddo bilaabo si ay u tagaan hoos u dhac, laakiin threads ay jiido marayo qarnigii XIX oo dhan, siinta salaysan meelaha sida calaamad, decadence iyo neo-nasjonalromantiske.

ah ee nasjonalromantiske

Waxaa loo tixgeliyaa dhashay ee jihada of Europe, gaar ahaan Ingiriiska iyo France, sidaa magaca jihada farshaxanka - «romantisme». Sababtuna waxay tahay, in nasjonalromantiske qarnigii 19aad muuqday natiijo ah oo Revolution Faransiis ah.

Revolution The halaagnay madaxda oo dhan horay u jiray, bulshada walaaqaya iyo qaybaha bulshada. Ninka bilaabay inaan dareemo cidlo, iyo bilaabay inuu doondoono tacsiyaynta khamaarka iyo madadaalo kale. Against this asalka, iyo fikirka ah in dhammaan nolosha waa ciyaar taas oo ay jirto waa uun kuwa Liibaanay iyo kuwa Khasaaray. geesiga ugu weyn ee shaqada ka taataabtay of kasta oo uu noqdo nin la qaddar ciyaaro, la aayahooda.

Waa maxay nasjonalromantiske

Nasjonalromantiske - waa wax jira oo kaliya in buugaagta, ifafaale qalaad, cajiib ah oo cajiib ah, oo isku mar la xidhiidha caddaynta shakhsiga iyada oo ay nolosha ruuxiga ah iyo hal abuur leh. Inta badan dhacdooyinka fool tixraacayo of hamiday muujiyay, characters oo dhan ayaa si cad u muujiyay by jilayaasha, waxay inta badan waxaa ka fadilnaa ruux caasi ah.

The qorayaasha ka mid ah xilligii Romantic saaray xoogga on xaqiiqada ah in qiimaha ugu weyn ee nolosha - aqoonsiga qofka. Qof kasta - dunida ah oo kala duwan ka buuxa quruxdiisa cajiib ah. Waxay ahayd halkaas ka dhan waxyoonay iskibrin dareenka barbaro, oo waxaa jira u janjeera in ay idealize.

Sida laga soo xigtay novelists ah, aragtida - fikradda ah ee raaxaystaan ah, hase ahaatee wuxuu xaq u leeyahay si uu u jiro. haboon waa ka shisheeya oo dhan caadiga ah, sidaa darteed qof ugu weyn iyo fikradaha uu si toos ah soo horjeeda xiriirka maalin kasta iyo wax wax.

muuqaalada kala

Features of nasjonalromantiske sida a dhaqdhaqaaqa suugaanta waa sida fikradaha aasaasiga ah iyo isku dhacyada.

fikradda ugu weyn ee shiidaa wax soo saarka kasta - geesiga dhaqdhaqaaq joogto ah meel bannaan oo jirka. Dhab ahaantii Tani waxay ka tarjumaysaa sida ay jahwareer ah ee nafta, waxa fikirka si joogto ah hadda iyo waqti isku mid ah - isbedelada dunida oo dhan isaga ku wareegsan.

Like dhaqdhaqaaqa badan farshaxanka, nasjonalromantiske ayaa isku dhacyada u gaar ah. Halkan, fikradda oo dhan wuxuu ku salaysan yahay xiriirka adag ee ninkii la dunida ka baxsan. Waxa uu yahay mid aad u is-xuddun iyo waqti isku mid ah ka gees ah rebelling nacasku, ciyaal suuqnimo, shay wax xaqiiqo in bartey ku muujiyey in uu ficilo, fikrado iyo fikradaha of dabeecadda. Inta badan waxaa loogu dhawaaqaa saaraysa tusaalooyinka soo socda ee nasjonalromantiske suugaanta: sheekaystaa Harold - qof ugu weyn ee "sheekaystaa Harold ee Xajka" Byron oo Pechorin - ka "Hero of Our Time" Lermontov.

Haddii aan soo koobo kor ku xusan, waxaa soo baxday in ay ku saleysan sheyga wax la mid ah - farqiga u dhexeeya xaqiiqada iyo dunida la qurxiyey in uu leeyahay geesaha aad u af badan.

Nasjonalromantiske suugaanta Yurub

nasjonalromantiske Yurub ee qarnigii 19aad waa mid cajiib ah in ay intooda badan shuqulladiisa aasaas fantastik ah. Kuwani waa Warkii heer sare ah oo tiro badan, sheekooyin gaagaaban oo tixaha.

Dalalka ugu weyn, taas oo nasjonalromantiske sida dhaqdhaqaaq suugaanta ugu wacdaraha ahaa, waa France, Britain iyo Germany.

Tani waxay ifafaale farshaxanka ayaa dhowr marxaladood:

1. 1801-1815 sano. Bilow dhismaha sharraxaadda ka taataabtay.
2. 1815-1830 sano. The bixitaanka iyo kaco dabcan, qeexidda ah postulates aasaasiga ah ee jihada this.
3. 1830-1848 sano. Nasjonalromantiske huwan yahay qaab ka badan bulshada.

Mid kasta oo ka dalalkaas ayaa u gaar ah, kaalin gaar ah horumarinta ifafaale ayaa sheegay in dhaqanka. In France, ka taataabtay shuqullada suugaanta lahaa midab siyaasadeed, qorayaasha ahaayeen cadowga ku ah bourgeoisie cusub. bulshada Tani, sida ka muuqata tirokoobyada Faransiis, dumay daacadnimada qofka, quruxda iyo xoriyada ruux.

In dhaqan Ingiriiska nasjonalromantiske jiray wakhti dheer qaar ka mid ah, laakiin ilaa dhamaadka qarnigii XVIII ma istaagi soo baxay sidii dhaqdhaqaaq kala duwan suugaanta. Ingiriisi shaqeeyaa, in la barbardhigo ah Faransiis, full of Gothic, diinta, hiddaha qaran, dhaqan, ridayeen iyo ururada shaqaalaha (oo ay ku jiraan dareenka ruuxiga ah). Intaa waxaa dheer, Ingiriisi tiraab iyo lyrics la safarka dalalkan fog iyo waxbarashada dalalka shisheeye ka buuxsamay.

In nasjonalromantiske Jarmal sida dhaqdhaqaaq suugaanta waxaa saamayn ku falsafad ku salaysan. Saldhigyadii shaqsi steel iyo xoriyada qof la dulmay feudalism iyo aragtida caalamka ee sida nidaamka nool. Ku dhawaad shuqul kasta oo Jarmal ayaa la permeated leh shakhi ku saabsan jiritaanka aadanaha iyo nolosha uu ruuxa.

Europe: tusaalooyin shuqullada

Waxaa ka mid ah shuqulladii ugu dareemi shuqullada suugaanta Yurub soo socda ayaa loo arkaa in ay ruuxa nasjonalromantiske:

- khuseeya ee "Maskaxbadan Masiixiga ah", sheekada "Atala" iyo "Rene" Chateaubriand;

- tixaha "hoomboro", "Corinna, ama Italy," Germaine de Staël;

- novel "Adolf" Benjamin Constant,

- novel ah "Qirashooyinkiisa of Child ah Qarniga" Musset;

- novel "Cinq-Mars," Vigny;

- manifesto "Hordhac" in sheyga, "Cromwell", novel ah "Notre Dame de Paris" Hugo;

- riwaayadaha "Henry III oo uu maxkamadda", taxane ah tixaha ku saabsan musketeers, "Tirada ee Monte Cristo" iyo "Koroleva Margo" Dumas;

- tixaha "Indiana", "Musaafurka,", "Horace", "Consuelo" Zhorzh Sand;

- manifesto "Racine iyo Shakespeare" Stendhal;

- gabay ah "Old badmaaxa" iyo "Kristabel" Coleridge;

- "gabay Bari" iyo "Manfred" Byron;

- a collection of shuqullada Balzac;

- novel "Ivanhoe" Valtera Skotta;

- Sheeko "Biyoodka iyo Rose" sheeko "Heinrich von Ofterdingen" Novalis;

- ururin sheekooyin gaaban, sheekooyinka iyo sheekooyin of Hoffmann.

Nasjonalromantiske suugaanta Ruush

nasjonalromantiske Ruush ee qarnigii 19aad sarkhaansan si toos ah suugaanta Western asalkiisu ka soo jeedo. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, inkastoo tani, waxay lahayd sifooyin u gaar ah, oo haya waqti hore.

Tani waxay ifafaale farshaxanka ee Russia buuxda ka tarjumaysaa shaqaalaha sare iyo kacaan naceen inay bourgeoisie talada haya, gaar ahaan, in ay jidka nolosha - adeeein, khaniisiinta iyo naxariis lahayn. nasjonalromantiske Ruush ee qarnigii 19aad uu ahaa natiijo toos ah niyadda caasiga eegaayo Hawlaha muhiim ah in taariikhda dalka.

iftiimiyay laba-rogga suugaanta waqtiga: nafsiga iyo sokeeye. marka hore waxay ku salaysnayd ee description iyo falanqaynta dareenka iyo dareenka, kii labaadna wuxuu - on horumarinta dagaalka ka dhanka ah bulshada casriga ah. General iyo fikradda ugu muhiimsan ee novelists oo dhan waa in gabayaa ama qoraa u lahaa in ay u dhaqmaan sida kuwa hadafyada taasoo uu ku tilmaamay shuqulladiisa.

Russia: Tusaale ahaan xagga shuqullada

Tusaalayaasha ugu duwanyihiin of nasjonalromantiske suugaanta Ruush ee qarnigii XIX - waa:

- Sheeko "Ondine", "maxbuus ku ah Chillon", Balcad ee "King of Forest ah", "kalluumaysato," Zhukovsky "Lenora";

- shuqullada "Eugene Onegin," "Queen of majarafadihii" by Pushkin;

- "Waa Habeen ka hor inta Christmas" by Gogol;

- "Hero of A Our Time" Lermontov.

Nasjonalromantiske suugaanta American

In America, dhaqankan wax yar ka dib waxay ahayd horumarinta: marxaladda hore waxaa taariikhda ay sannadihii 1820-1830, dabagal ka dib - 1840-1860 sano ee qarnigii XIX ah. At labada yada gaar ah u saameeyay xasillooni sokeeye ee France (kaas oo siiyey kor u abuurista Maraykanka), si toos ah iyo America (dagaalka madax ka Britain iyo dagaalka ka dhexeeya waqooyiga iyo koonfurta).

jihada farshaxanka ee American nasjonalromantiske wakiil laba noocyada: abolitionist ah, u doode, waayo xoraynta ka addoonsiga, oo bari, oo faraqyo yaryar ee la qurxiyey.

suugaanta American ee xilligan ku salaysan yahay aqoonta iyo u qeexayso noocyo ka Europe qabtay oo lagu daray sida asalka ah iyo xawaaraha nolosha ee weli cusub iyo in yar oo xariif ku waynaha. shuqullada American ah laxniga qaranka si deeqsinimo ah dhadhan, dareen ah madaxbanaanida iyo halgankii loo soo maray xornimada.

nasjonalromantiske American. tusaale u ah wax soo saarka

- taxane ah oo sheekooyin "Alhambra" "aroosadda aan jirin", "Rip Van Winkle" iyo "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow," Washington Irving,

- novel ah "The Last of Mohicans ah" by James Fenimore Cooper,

- gabay "Raven The", sheekooyinka "Ligeia", "Golden Beetle", "Fall oo ka mid ah Golaha Usher" oo kale E. Allan Poe,

- novel "The Letter Scarlet" iyo "The House of Toddoba Gables ah" Gorton,

- novel "Typee" iyo "Moby Dick" Melville,

- novel ah "Kabiin Adeer Tom ee," Harriet Beecher Stowe;

- halyeey gabay ah "Evangeline", "The Song of Hiawatha", "saaxibo ee Miles Standish," Longfellow;

- a collection of "Leaves ee Grass," Whitman;

- Qormada "Naag yahay in qarnigii sagaal ah" by Margaret Fuller.

Nasjonalromantiske sida dhaqdhaqaaq suugaanta saamayn xoog leh ku music ah, masraxa iyo rinjiyeynta - waa ku filan si ay ugu yeerto qaab iyo sawirada waayahaas badan. Tani waxay inta badan ka dhacay ay sabab u tahay tayada goobaha sida sharraxaadda sida sare iyo qiiro, pathos iyo geesinimo, chivalry iyo idealization aadanaha. In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in da'da nasjonalromantiske ahaa si caddaalad ah gaaban ku noolaa, uusan saamayn ku lahayn caanka ah ee buugaagta ee qarnigii XIX ku qoran, in tobankii sano ee soo socota - shuqullada suugaanta of art of muddada jeclaaday oo la ixtiraamo by dadweynaha ilaa maantadan la joogo.