Neoclassicism naqshadaha: dhismayaasha caanka ah iyo injineero

Ku noqo Buzadag qadiimiga ah ee farshaxanka si joogta ah dhacay. Too qurux badan oo qani dhisaynay, farshaxan, rinjiyeynta muddada classical. Waxay jeelyihiin in muddo dheer taariikhda tahay waxa loo yaqaan neoclassicism u soo kabashada oo ka mid ah Buzadag qadiimiga ah ee quruxda iyo Isbadal iyaga sarkhaansan dunida casriga ah. Neoclassicism naqshadaha shaqeeya xoogaa ka duwan ee dalal kala duwan oo Yurub ah. Oo xiiso gaar ah in fasiraadda mabaadi'da classic of injineero Ruush tusay.

idiosyncrasy

Fudayd weyn ee naqshadaha ee neo-classical arkay laabashada inay xididdada dhaqan Yurub. Bilowgii ah excavations qaddiimiga ah ee Greece iyo Italy qarnigii XVII ayaa sababay xiiso weyn oo ka mid ah injineero in mabaadi'da injineero qadiimiga ah. Tani waxay keentay in muuqaalka kore ee style, loo yaqaan classicism, taas oo uu yeesho iyo si tartiib tartiib ah loo beddelaa neoclassicism. Its feature ugu muhiimsan waa xidhiidhka ka mid caado la joojiyey ka taataabtay. Ka hor inta labadan Hababka kula tartamayay kasta oo kale, laakiin ugu danbeyn helay badan oo dhulka wax caadi ah.

dhismayaasha Non-classical leeyihiin istareexsan weyn, nimcada iyo qaba la Classics ah marka la barbar dhigo. sidoo kale neoclassicism waa doono fiiro gaar ah si ay u dhaqmayo ee Joogaba, rabitaanka monumentality, xataa pomposity. Horseedayaashii ma soo guuriyeen oo kaliya nidaamka hore ee amar, laakiin u muuqdaan in ay u sameeyaan qoraalo cusub. Tusaale ahaan, dalka Masar ama Etruscan. style waxaa lagu gartaa xakamayn iyo xitaa ku qaxri jireen. Cajiib ah, dhismayaasha oo baaxad weyn oo waxyaabaha Greek - oo la soo horjeeda dhismaha style neo-classical.

Periodization of neoclassicism naqshadaha

Erayga "neo-classical" naqshadaha waxay leedahay iswaafaqla'aan qaar ka mid ah. Tani waa sababta ugu weynina wajiyada Yurub iyo Ruush in qoondaynta waqti ay. In Europe, waxaa la ansixiyay classicism gaar ah (qarnigii XVII) iyo neo-classical (qeybtii labaad ee XVIII, style ee Louis 16 - saddexaad koowaad ee XIX ah) ah. In dalka, xaaladda ay tahay mid xoogaa ka duwan. Tusaale ahaan, in Russia iyo Germany, markan keliya loo arkaa classicism. Oo hoosteedana naqshadaha classic cusub loogu tala galay dhamaadka XIX ah - qarnigii XX hore. In Russia, halkaas oo neoclassicism ahaa mid aad loo jecel yahay iyo abaal-marin u qaybsan yahay saddex.

First, khadka XIX - horraantii qarnigii XX, asalkiisu ka soo jeedo sida jawaab dhibaatada of modernismen. Its jaho waxaa ka soo horjeeda in ay xad-dhaaf ah madaxtooyada Art lacagta badan. Wakhtigan, waxaa jira retrospectivism arrimuhu doonaya in uu soo noolayn ka Joogaba, classic iyo qaabka a. Muddada labaad - 1930 sano ee qarnigii XX ah. In Russia waxa ay sidoo kale waxaa loo yaqaan Stalin ee Empire. Waxa uu ku biiray sifooyinka Baroque of classicism, Art lacagta badan iyo xubno ka mid ah dugsiyada naqshadaha qaranka. Midda saddexaad - 1950. Waxa uu inta badan caan ku naqshadaha American, halkaas oo ay ka heleen jidh soo fudud cusub iyo foomamka taariikhi.

Neoclassicism naqshadaha dunida

Classicism ahaa style farshaxanka ee ugu awooda badan. Waxa uu isku duubay oo dhan farshaxanka. Its horumarinta ayaa keentay in soo bixitaanka of neoclassicism, waxaa la dhisay on dayashada saafiga ahaa ee lagu daydo qadiimiga ah oo aan, iyo reinterpretation. Style saari Buzadag qadiimiga ah, iyaga isku la ogaaday casriga ah iyo qaar ka mid ah guulaha qaranka. mabaadi'da la dhigi jiray dib qarnigii XVII ah by Andrea Palladio, wax badan oo ka mid ah dhismayaasha ku Vicenza dhisay. dhismayaasha waxay ku noqon model ah jiilka mustaqbalka ee injineero. Kor buu u kiciyey xiisaha ay dhaweyntiisa of injineero qadiimiga ah iyo ma uusan joojin muddo dhowr qarniyo.

The dhismayaasha ugu horeysay ee "neo-classical" style la muuqaalo symmetrical, saf oo tiirar, saqafyada domed iyo guriyo qaab u muuqday in France. Later, dhaqankan soo gaaray by injineero dalalka kale ee Yurub. Iyo si tartiib tartiib ah uu "dokatyvayutsya" in America. Neoclassicism - ma ahan xitaa runtii style a. Saas ma aha, waa nooc ka mid ah arrimuhu oo fikirka ah ee injineero ee la soo dhaafay. maaraysay si taxaddar leh oo ka mid ah caadooyinka aasaasay iyo dhismaha ay sal u ah dhismayaasha casriga ah oo leh fikrado design iyo qurxinta cusub - kuwani waa mabaadi'da dhaqaaleyahannada neoclassical.

Neoclassicism ee France

The masterpieces naqshadda neo-classical ugu horeysay la abuuray by Claude LeDoux, kuwaas oo shaqadooda bilaabay hor Revolution Faransiis ah. saltworks Its at Arc-et-Senans, dhismaha caadooyinkii galo in Paris, tiyaatarka ee Besançon soo noolaaday dhaqan Greek iyo calaamadsan bilowgii Epoch cajiib ah naqshadaha ah neo-classical Faransiis. Wakiilka caanka ah ee style this waa Jacques Ange Gabriel. In bartamihii-50s ee qarnigii XVIII ah ayuu ka abuuray dhismaha wayn ee School Military ee de champ ah Mars, heer Opera Garnier, Trianon Petit ee Versailles, Concorde Square ee mashruuca Paris. Shuqulkiisa noqday oo Bishaarayn talinaysay ee neo-classicism ee France.

Waxa uu raacay by badan oo injineero tayo leh la dhisay in style this. Waxaa Nicolas de Maiziere, kuwaas oo abuuray suuqa hadhuudhka, Jacques-Denis Antoine iyo hami Buoni on the bangiyada oo ka mid ah reebin, Sharl De Wailly iyo masrax weyn "Odeon". Neoclassicism waa jawharad ee Paris iyo hadda. Dhisidda la Joogaba, habboonaanta, domes, porticos xagalka ah iyo tiirar hadda ay kibirka.

Neoclassicism UK

In 60 sano ee qarnigii XVIII naqshadaha neo-classical ahaa style ugu wayn ee England. Aasaasayaasha ay ahaayeen laba injineero weyn Robert Adam iyo Uilyam Chembers. Waxay, ka duwan jalayaashooda Faransiis, dhisay dhismayaasha intooda badan la deggan yahay. Adam booqday Italy, halkaasoo abid dhacay jacayl la dhismayaasha qadiimiga ah iyo dhismayaasha A. Palladio.

Ingiriisi Neoclassicism khilaafeen ka nimcada Faransiis ka badan iyo raaxo. Halkan, dareenka badan ku bixisay in ay gudaha, ugu caansan oo waa Syon Qurxinta Golaha la yabban Etruscan. The hadha ee xeerkii British neo-classical waa Dzhon Soun iyo Dzhordzh godad. Waxay xad dhaaf sii "style of Adam." dhismaha ayaa ka mid ah Bank of England iyo xabsiga at Newgate ahaayeen tusaalooyin fiican oo xarrago neo-classical Ingiriisi.

faafidda neoclassicism in Europe

wakiilada tayo of neoclassicism ahaayeen oo dhan Europe. Tusaale ahaan, in Germany, shuqullada wanaagsan ee style this abuurtaa Karl Friedrich Schinkel. Abuuridda adag oo kooban oo Epoch gaar ah neoclassicism. dhismayaasha Its waa jir iyo matxafka cusub ee qolkii Berlin waxaa hal-abuur su'alaha hab in farsamooyinka classical iyo qorshayaasha.

In Italy, neoclassic gaadhay Joogaba, cajiib. A. Palladio, iyadoo dhismayaasha raaxo leh ay Venice iyo Vicenza, Dzhuzeppe Permarini iyo La Scala waa luul ah naqshadda dhismaha dunida. Later, Marcello Piacentini ayaa jidka isaga u gaar ah si ay u fasiraan Dhaxalka hodanka ah ee naqshadaha qadiimiga ah iyo qaab Palladian saddexdii bilood ee hore ee qarnigii XX. Wuxuu u abuuray Eebe campus gaar ah oo adag in Rome iyo Victoria Square ee Brescia.

neoclassicism Ruush: qaababka ugu muhiimsan

kaalin gaar ah ayaa waxaa la helay style neoclassical naqshadaha Ruush. Wejiga kowaad waxaa la xiriira gudbo dhibaatada ee casriga, laabanayo xididdada classical, hufnaan baadhi. Ivan Fomin, Vladimir Shuko, Ivan Zholtovsky ku hawlan barashada adabka, Joogaba, oo dahab ah. Waxay sahamiyaan masterpieces naqshadda ee Italy iyo France, hirgelinta natiijada dhismayaasha ay. Wejigii labaad ee neoclassicism dhigay hawsha abuuraya shuqullada weyn xoogga Stalin ammaanaya. Taxadiri baaxadda iyo qiyaasta dhismaha, kuwaas oo weli la yaab dadka.

injineero Ruush caan

naqshadaha Ruush noqon kartaa faani Galaxy dhan ah fanaaniinta aad u fiican kuwaas oo ka shaqeeyay qaab neoclassical. Aasaasihii waxaa loo arkaa inay Ivan Fomin. Sanado badan ayuu u huray in daraasadda of mabaadi'da classical in xeerkii Ruush. Waxa uu leeyahay shaqo tiyoriga ah in qiil style neo-classical ah, iyo dhismayaasha caan ah sida guriga Polovtseva ee St. Petersburg Institute Polytechnic in Ivanovo, dhismaha Moscow Soviet ee Moscow. Ka mid ah injineero kii qirashadeeda fikrado taagan neoclassical eegay Zakharov, F. Lidval, St. seraafiim, A. Belogrud iyo kuwo kale oo badan. Horseedayaashii Moscow iyo St. Petersburg oo keliya ma noqon kibirka labada caasimadaha Ruush, laakiin sidoo kale waa ohyahay ee horumarka ah ee magaalooyinka kale ee dalka.

Neoclassicism qaab Moscow

Caasimadda ah ee Russia hadda kibir muujiyaan kartaa masterpieces naqshadda gaarka ah ee qaab neoclassical. Labada muddo of style this tagay calaamad muhiim ah waddooyinka. injineero Moscow si farsamo qurxiyey magaalada jecel. Waxaa ka mid ah dhismayaasha ugu caan ah waa in loogu yeeraa bulshada tartanka guriga iyo "House Tower" on guri nagaadi Smolenskaya Square I. ZHOLTOVSKOGO Mindovsky dhise Nikolai Lazarev, waqti dheeraad ah si ay u Moscow Art Tiyaatarka F. Shechtel, dhismaha oo ka mid ah Gobolka Savings Bank Ivanov-Shicai. muddo Stalin ee neoclassicism waa la yaqaan in muwaadin walba oo Ruush. Tani Dhismaha caanka ah L. Rudnev, Chechulina D. A. Mordvinova iyo injineero kale.

Neoclassicism ee St. Petersburg

muuqashadii Fasiraadda gaar ah neo-classical St. Petersburg ahaa "guriga iyo munaarado" caanka K. Rosenstein. In waxa dhaqanka Dr Makumbe waa la isku maran la cunsur ee casriga ah iyo classic. caasimada Northern ku faani karo iyo wax badan oo ka mid ah dhismayaasha kale ee style this. The ugu caansan yihiin goobaha kuwa: guriga-Abamelek ah naqshada Lazarev I. Fomin, xarunta Tom de Thomon, wakiilka ah neo-classical shaqada Betlinga guri nagaadi A. Grube, dhismaha aqalka hore loogu talagalay by J. Timofeev Kovarskii iyo shaqo kale oo tayo leh.