Nitrogen dioxide

Nitrogen element kiimikada tirada qaaradda 7 ku yaalla 5 group of nidaamka Mendeleev ku wareegsan. gaaska Tani diatomic ku hoos jira xaalad caadi ah oo ku filan inert. In dhulka jawiga, waxaa la xisaabay in saddex meelood. element The gartaa dalalka qayilo soo socda: -3, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Waa qayb ka mid ah xarumaha badan yahay. Mid ka mid ah waa gaas mid guduudan oo brown sun (gartaa awood u leh inay ka cadhaysiin mareenka-mareenka, taasoo keenta barar sambabada at uruuray sare), isagoo af, ur pungent sifo - waa dioxide nitrogen. formula waa NO2. Gaws mass 46,01 g / mol. Mugga 2,62 g / dm³. dhibic kulayl badan 21 ° C. Marka kala diri biyo sameynayso la. index The Refractive of 1.449 (at 20 ° C).

Nitrogen dioxide ciyaaraa door muhiim ah chemistry Hawada, oo ay ku jiraan dhisidda Allena tropospheric. Isla, waa pollutant hawada waaweyn iyo dhexe ee ereygu wuxuu warshadaha ee acid nitric, kuwaas oo la soo saaray malaayiin tan oo sanad kasta. Tani waa mid ka mid ah dhowr oxides nitrogen (binary xeryahooda ka imanba of nitrogen iyo oxygen) la qayilo:

• I - xabagta nitrogen N2O;

• II - monoxide nitrogen NO;

• III - N2O3 trioxide dinitrogen;

• IV - NO2 dioxide nitrogen iyo tetraoxide dinitrogen N2O4;

• V - pentoxide dinitrogen, N2O5;

• trinitramide N (NO2) 3.

Nitrogen dioxide si fudud la galeen. Waxa uu ka culus tahay hawada. Under xaaladaha caadiga ah NO2 qaso (qiyaastii 1: 1) walax ay leegyihiin (ay dimer) N2O4. chemistry NO2 si fiican u fahamsan yahay.

By reaction biyo waxaa hydrolyzed, taasoo keentay in labada sameeyay acid (nitrus iyo nitric): 2NO2 + H2O → HNO2 + HNO3.

In dareen diidmo leh cusbada alkali loo sameeyay sida labadan acids: 2NaOH + 2NO2 → NaNO2 + NaNO3 + H2O.

Isagu waa oxidant xoog leh oo awood u leh oksidheeyeyaal SO2 in SO3. In habkan waxay ku salaysan yahay hanti nitrus sulfuric acid. NO2 dhexdhexaad Walxaha badan, oo ay ku jiraan xeryahooda organic, baaruud, carbon iyo fosfooraska, gubi.

Nitrogen dioxide waxaa guud ahaan soo saaray lagu qayilo ee xabagta nitrogen ogsijiin atmosfeerta: O2 + 2NO → 2NO2

In shaybaarka, NO2 diyaariyey laba talaabo: fuuq of nitric acid in pentoxide dinitrogen, kaas oo markaas thermally giirte:

2HNO3 → N2O5 + H2O,

2N2O5 → 4NO2 + O2.

Sidaas darteed of kala daatay kaamerada of Nitrate biraha qaar ka mid ah ayaa sidoo kale laga yaabaa in NO2 diyaar:

2Pb (NO3) 2 → 4NO2 + 2PbO + O2.

xabagta ayaa la abuuri karaa by ficil acid nitric (urursan) ka Biraha (tus, copper):

4HNO3 + CU → 2NO2 + CU (NO3) 2 + 2H2O.

Under saameynta ay nitric acid (urursan) Intaa waxaa dheer waxa daasadda in dioxide nitrogen, iyo waxa daasadda acid sameeyay sida wax soo saarka by-a:

4HNO3 + SN → H2O + H2SnO3 + 4NO2.

Ilo Qaar ka mid ah xabagta N2O4 (IV) waxaa loo yaqaan tetroxide nitrogen. Laakiin tani waa misnomer ah, sida walaxda waa tetroxide dinitrogen. NO2 jirta hoganaya la N2O4 gaaska Biyuhu: 2NO2↔N2O4.

Tan iyo dheelitirka tani waa gube, waxaa la wareejiyay iyo ilaa dhinaca reer NO2 at heerkul ka sareeya iyo hoose - dhinaca N2O4. Deamer galaa gobolka adag heerkulka a of laga jaray 11.2 ° C. At heerkul ah 150 digrii decomposes: N2O4 → 2NO2, ka dibna 2NO2 → 2NO + O2.

Nitric acid waxaa si tartiib tartiib ah oo soo bandhigtay NO2, taas oo ku siinayaa midabka sifo hurdiga ah ee inta badan oo ka mid ah noocyo ka mid ah acid this:

4HNO3 → 4NO2 + 2H2O + O2.

Nitrogen dioxide si fudud la ogaado by urta xitaa at uruuray hooseeyo, neefsasho ah uumiga waa in laga fogaadaa. Mid ka mid ah ilaha iman kara NO2 waxaa Duldhacay acid nitric oo u qoondaysaa NO2 at heerkulka kor ku xusan 0 digrii. calaamadaha khubad (oedema pulmonary) sida caadiga ah u muuqan ka dib neefsasho dose kara halis ah dhowr saacadood. Waxaa jira qaar ka mid ah caddayn in gaadhista muddo dheer si NO2 at uruuray kor 40-100 mg / m³ hoos u dhici doono shaqada sanbabadaadu iyo ay kordhiyaan halista calaamadaha neef mareenka. In waxbarashada ee saynisyahano qaar aasaasay xiriir ka dhexeeyo fiirsashada of NO2 oo lama filaan ah dhimashada dhallaanka syndrome.

Nitrogen dioxide sameeyay geedi sari ugu halkaas oo hawada waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida oxidant ah.

At heerkulka kacsantahay, nitrogen ku daraa iyada oo ogsijiin si ay u sameeyaan xabagta nitric: O2 + N2 → 2NO, ka dibna NO waxaa oxidized hawada si ay u sameeyaan dioxide O2 + 2NO → 2NO2:

1. Under-fiirsashada Hawada caadi ah waa hab aad u gaabis ah.

2. Isha ugu badan tahay ee NO2 yihiin matoorada gudaha sari, Quwadda kaamerada iyo, ilaa xad ka yar, ku daqiijin jireen saxarka.

3. kululeeyayaasha Gas iyo Foornooyinka sidoo kale ilaha xabagta this. nitrogen loo baahan yahay waxaa lagu soo bandhigay in hawada sari xad-dhaaf ah, kaas oo diinta oxides nitrogen at heerkulka sare.

4. In qoysaska kululeeyayaasha la shito iyo kululeeyayaasha gaas ayaa sidoo kale ilaha NO2.

5. dioxide nitrogen ahbaa ee imtixaanka nuclear atmosfeerta (midab guduudan oo daruur likaha).

6. Qaar ka mid ah dhulka beeraha ee ay isugu soo urureen dusha ay gaari karaan 30 g / m³.

7. NO2 waxaa sidoo kale si dabiici ah soo saaray onkod, roobka.