Phagocytosis - waa maxay? Waa maxay nuxurka phagocytosis? marxaladaha kala duwan ee phagocytosis

Sidaas daraaddeed, phagocytosis - waa maxay? Aan isku dayno si ay u fahmaan macnaha ereygan. phagos (gubaya) iyo kytos (cell) - Erayga "phagocytosis" ka laba morpheme Greek asalkiisu ka soo jeedo. phagokytosis dheer Medical International, ka duwan russified ayaa osis dhamaadka, kaas oo ka Greek tarjumayaa "habka" ama "arrin". Sayidka, qeexitaankan macno ahaan waxaa loola jeedaa hannaanka aqoonsiga unugyada gaar ah wakiilka ajnabi ah, dhaqdhaqaaqa ujeedo ku darina, qabashada iyo nuugista la cholesterol xiga. In this article ayaan ka hadli doonaa oo ku saabsan nuxurka phagocytosis. waxaan sidoo kale la hadal oo ku saabsan waxa ay yihiin phagocytes ah, ka fiirsan tallaabooyinka iyo aad u hesho faraqa u dhexeeya phagocytosis dhamaystiran oo aan dhamaystirnayn.

History of daahfurka unugyada motile gaar ah

The saynisyahan Ruush fiican - II Mechnikov ee 1882 - 1883 sano. tijaabo la sameeyay on dheefshiidka intracellular, waxbarashada dirxiga hufan xiddigaha badda. Saynisyahanka yaabay in ay sii joogaan noolaha multicellular awood u leh inay qabsadaan unugyada kala duwan cuntada. Oo waxaa si fiican u dheefshiido, sida protozoa sida amoeba. I. I. Mechnikov qaatay waayo aragnimo ah, in ay galaan jirka ah ee dirxiga oo ah budada Carmine iyo daawaday wareegsanaa badar dhiig-cas yar koray derbiga cell. Waxay qabtay oo wuxuu liqay rinjiga. Markaas cilmiga la xiqiijiyay in a in u shaqeeyo kasta waa inuu haystaa a unugyada difaaca gaar ah, kaas oo uu u nuugo karaa iyo dheefshiido qayb kale oo waxyeello jirka. Si loo xaqiijiyo in ay la xiqiijiyay, saynisyahano ah loo isticmaalo ee Sabuul casaan, kuwaas oo la soo bandhigay galay jidhka ee dirxiga of kalluun ah. markii qaar ka mid ah ka dib, cilmi ogaaday in unugyada ku hareereysan qodxan, oo isku dayaya in ay ka hortagaan "cayayaanka" oo ku qasbin. Kuwani waxay qayb ka ilaaliya gaar ah laga helay meydka dirxiga, cilmiga loo yaqaan phagocytes. Iyada oo waayo-aragnimo this shaaca ka qaaday phagocytosis I. I. Mechnikov. In 1883kii, wuxuu sheegay in uu helay in Congress toddobaad ee naturalists Ruush. In mustaqbalka, saynisyahan ka sii waday in ay ka shaqeeyaan jihada this, abuuray cudurada isbarbaryaal ee barar, iyo sidoo kale aragtida ah phagocytic ahaasho. In 1908, wada jir ah ula cilmiga Paul Ehrlich, in uu helay Nobel Prize ee ay cilmi-noolaha muhiim ah.

Arrin ku phagocytosis - waa maxay?

I. I. Mechnikov daawaday iyo bartay doorka phagocytosis in dareen diidmo oo difaaca dadka iyo xayawaanka sare. Seynisyahanno ku ogaaday in habkan door aad u weyn in bogsiinta nabrihii kala duwan. Biological Encyclopedic Dictionary siinayaa qeexitaanka soo socda. Phagocytosis si firfircoon qabato, iyo nuugista of walxaha shisheeye sida bakteeriyada, iyo microfungi jajabkii cell, noolaha unicellular ama unugyada gaar ah (phagocytes), la heli karo in u shaqeeyo wax multicellular. Waa maxay nuxurka phagocytosis? Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in ay tahay foomka ugu da'da weyn ee ilaalinta u shaqeeyo multicellular. The phagocytosis shaqaynaya nidaamka difaaca jirka aadanaha ayaa sidoo kale kaalin muhiim ah. Isagu waa falcelinta first to hordhaca ah ee kala duwan oo ka mid ah fayrasyada, bakteeriyada iyo wakiilada kale oo ajnabi ah. Phagocytes had iyo goorba wareejin jidhka oo dhan, raadinaya "cayayaanka". Marka wakiilka ajnabi ah loo aqoonsaday, ku qabanaya waxaa ka mid ah la receptors. Markaasaa cayayaan phagocyte nuuga iyo Halaagtay.

Laba kooxaha ugu weyn ee unugyada motile - "Difaacayaasha"

Phagocytes had iyo jeer way firfircoon yihiin waana diyaar waqti kasta si ay ula halka uu cudurka ka qaban. Waxay leeyihiin madaxbannaani gaar ah, sababtoo ah waxay qaadi kartaa xilkooda u gutaan, gudaha ma aha oo kaliya, laakiin sidoo kale ka baxsan jidhka: dushiisa of xuubka iyo meelaha unugyada dhaawacan. phagocytes Human eego waxtarkooda, saynisyahano kala qaybsan yihiin laba kooxood - ka "professional" iyo "ka baxsan". Kan koowaad waa monocytes, neutrophils, macrophages, unugyada waaweyn, unugyada dendritic iyo unugyada. Unugyada phagocytic mobile waaweyn yihiin unugyada dhiiga cad - unugyada dhiiga cad. Waxay haajiraan si ay diiradda bararka iyo hirgelinta hawlaha difaaca. Phagocytosis ku lug leedahay ogaanshaha ee leukocytes, nuugista iyo burburinta walxaha shisheeye, iyo sidoo kale unugyada ay dhintay ama dhaawac u gaar ah. Ka dib markii performing hawlaha unugyada dhiiga cad ay u guurto dhiigga, iyo sii wadaan in ay qeybiyaan in dhiigga, oo tan kalena waxay - si uu tijaabada apoptosis ama isbedel dystrophic. "Baxeynin" koox ka kooban yahay fibroblasts iyo unugyada endothelial reticular, kaas oo ay leeyihiin dhaqdhaqaaqa phagocytic hooseeyo.

Geedi socodka ah ee phagocytosis: Marxaladda koowaad

Fiirso sida habka of xakamaynta noolaha waxyeello. Seynisyahanno garto afar marxaladood ee phagocytosis. marka hore waa wada: phagocyte dhowaanin in shayga qalaad. Tani waa mid ay sabab u tahay isku dhaceen shil ama sabab u ah dhaqdhaqaaqa firfircoon jiho - chemotaxis. Waxaa jira laba nooc oo chemotaxis - positive (dhinaca phagocytes) iyo taban (dhaqdhaqaaqa phagocytes). Sida caadiga ah, chemotaxis wanaagsan u kaxaystay goobta of dhaawac jirka, iyo sidoo kale sababa microbes iyo cuntada.

Dusin phagocytes wakiilka ajnabi ah

Ka dib markii kletki wada "sokeeya" la walxaha xaasidnimo ah ee marxaladda labaad waxa uu bilaabmaa. Waxay dusin. Phagocyte gaaraan mawduuca la xidhiidha waxa ay ku lifaaqanyihiin. Tusaale ahaan, unugyada dhiiga cad, taas oo soo gaaray bartamaha barar iyo adherent derbiga markabka, hana burinina ka, xitaa inkastoo xawaaraha socodka weyn. farsamo Amda waxaa la sameeyaa by phagocyte lacag dusha. Sida caadiga ah, waa negative, iyo dusha sare ee walxaha phagocyte waxaa si togan ku amray. Xaaladdan oo kale, waxaa jira Amda ugu fiican. Qurub xun lagu soo eedeeyay, tusaale ahaan, buro, waxaa lagu qabtay by phagocytes weyn u sii xumaado. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa jira dusin in ay qayb ka oo kale. Waxaa la dhammeeyo ka dhalatay talaabo ay mucopolysaccharides, hadda jira on dusha sare ee xuubka phagocytes iyo sidoo kale iyadoo la yareynayo ku nafwaayay ee cytoplasm iyo dabooli wakiilka shisheeye myse.

Heerka saddexaad ee phagocytosis

Ka dib markii lifaaqa in phagocyte ah shayga qalaad bilaabo ay nuugista, kaas oo ka dhici karaa labo siyaabood. Halkaa marka ay marayso ee xiriirka ee qolof ah shayga qalaad, ka dibna shayga waxaa loogu bixiyey gacanta. Sayidka shayga xiran yihiin cidhifyada free of xuub, iyo vacuole ugu danbeyn ka go'ay sameeyay, oo ka kooban gudaha walxaha la rabin. The Jidka nuugista labaad - dhacdo ee pseudopodia, Qurub shisheeye iyo dabooli waaxyihiisu iyaga on. Sidaas darteed, waxay ku lifaaqan ee vacuoles unugyada gudahood. Sida caadiga ah, iyadoo la kaashanayo phagocytes pseudopodia nuugo microfungi. Feedhuhu ama wax xaasidnimo kaasina noqdo sababtoo ah qolof ah waxaa ka fadilnaa guryaha contractile phagocyte.

cholesterol intracellular ah "cayayaan"

Marxaladda afaraad ku lug phagocytosis ee dheefshiidka intracellular. Tani waxay dhacdaa sida soo socota. vacuole ay ku jiraan qayb ka mid ah ajnabiga lysosomes isagoo adag oo ensaymes dheefshiidka waxaa firfircoonaan iyo shubay. Tani waxay abuurtaa jawi taas oo cholesterol dhacdaa macromolecules si fudud noolaha ribonuclease, amylase, protease iyo lipase. Sababo la shidaa ensaymes dheefshiidka iyo burburinta dhacdaa, ka dibna la sii daayo waxyaabaha nabaad vacuole. Haddaba si aad u ogaataan waxa ay tahay afar marxaladood ee phagocytosis. Ilaalinta ee jirka waxaa lagu fuliyaa in marxaladood: marka hore waxaa jira phagocyte wada iyo wax, ka dibna soo jiidashada, heshiis i.e. qayb rabin dushiisa oo ka mid ah "Daafaca", iyo in ka dib markii - ka nuugista iyo dheefshiidka cayayaan ah.

phagocytosis aan dhamaystirnayn oo dhammeystiran. Waa maxay farqiga u dhexeeya iyagoo?

Iyadoo ku xiran waxa ay noqon doontaa natiijada dheefshiidka intracellular of Qurub shisheeye, laba nooc oo bogsaday - phagocytosis dhamaystiran oo aan dhamaystirnayn. shayga ugu horeeya ee la dhamaystiro burburinta dhamaystiran iyo tirtiridda alaabta xaalufka deegaanka. phagocytosis dhamaystirnayn - waa maxay? waxa loola jeedaa in unugyada shisheeye yihiin nuugo phagocytes, sii macne. Waxay burburin kara vacuole ah, ama u isticmaalo sida a "carrada" for taranta. Tusaale ka mid ah phagocytosis dhamaystirnayn waa qaadashada a gonococcal ee jirka, taas oo uu leeyahay difaac uma iyaga. Marka wareer aan dhamaystirnayn by phagocytosis of phagocytes gudaha kaydiyaa, iyo faafin jirka oo dhan. Sidaas daraaddeed, in meel ka mid ah hab ay ku nabadgeli karaan phagocytosis noqdo kaari ah ee cudurka, caawinta cayayaanka si ay u faafiyaan oo tarma.

Sababaha habka dheefshiidka intracellular

Xadgudubka Phagocytosis dhacdaa sababtoo ah cilladaha ee dhismaha phagocytes iyo sidoo kale xakamaynta dhaqdhaqaaqa ee "sokeeye" mobile kletok-. Intaa waxaa dheer, isbedel xun ee dheefshiidka intracellular suurto gal ah ay sabab u tahay cudurada la iska dhaxlo, sida cudurada iyo Alder Chedyaka-Higashi. formation xadgudubka phagocytes, oo ay ku jiraan dib u soo noolaynta ee leukocytes, inta badan waxay dhacdaa marka gaadhista shucaaca ama ay sabab u tahay neutropenia dhaxlo. dhaqdhaqaaqa Xakamaynta ee phagocytes yaabaa inay ku dhacaan ay sabab u tahay yaraanta hoormoonada gaar ah, elektaroolaytyo iyo fitamiino. Sidoo kale sunta glycolytic iyo sunta microbial xun u saameyn shaqaynaya ee phagocytes. Waxaan rajaynaynaa, iyada oo qoraalkan, waxaad si fudud uga jawaabi kartaa su'aasha ah: "? Phagocytosis - maxay tahay". nasiib wacan!