Marka la baabiiyo of serfdom ee Russia

waqti A marka la baabiiyo of serfdom, waxaa si weyn loo arkaa tub taariikhda Ruush ah. In kasta oo dib u habaynta si tartiib ah sameeyo, waxay noqdeen wadadii weyn horumarinta gobolka. taariikhda Tani ma aha in aan micne lahayn la siiyo qiime ah. Qof kasta oo isu arkaa nin aqoon iyo akhrin, waa in la xasuusto wixii sanadkii la baabiiyo of serfdom ee Russia. Ka dib oo dhan, haddii aan bayaankii uu ku saxeexan yahay 19 February 1861 Mr iyo reeban beeralayda, aan maanta uu noqon doono ku nool gobolka gabi ahaanba ka duwan.

Serfdom in Russia ay ahayd foom khaas ah oo ay addoonsiga, khuseysaa oo keliya in ay dadka tuuladu. Nidaamkan dhulgoosadka istaageen ee dalka, waxaa ku dadaalaya in ay noqdaan hantigoosi ah, oo la taaban karo ay horumarinta u daahisay. Waxa uu noqday gaar ahaan cad ka dib 1856 waxaa laga badiyay War Crimean ah. Sida ay taariikhyahanadu badan, guuldaradii of cawaaqibka ma ay musiibo. Laakiin waxay si cad u muujiyeen backwardness farsamo ah, failure dhaqaale ee boqortooyadiisa iyo baaxadda dhibaatada siyaasadeed ee ku hanjabtay in ay leexdo xagga kacaanka ah qastaan.

Yaa baabiiyo serfdom? Dabcan, Bayaanka la saxeexay Tsar Alexander II oo ah, kaas oo xukumi jiray waqtiga. Laakiin soo dhaqso ah oo go'aanka waxaa loo sameeyey, ayaa sheegay in Gudaha qiyaastaas oo kale. Alexander laftiisa ayaa qirtay in baqe oo halis ku ah in "qastaan isu sii daayey lahaa."

Waa in la ogaadaa in su'aasha ah ee baahida loo qabo in dib u habaynta beeraha ayaa waxaa si joogta ah kiciyey bilowga ah ee 1800-ka. Gaar ahaan joogto ah aynu ka wada hadalnay arrintan ku saabsan ayaa ceegaagta deeqsi maskax of abtirsan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, jawaabta in rafcaanka, kuwaas oo ay ahayd oo keliya leisurely ah "daraasadda of su'aal soo ridayeen ah", kaas oo daboolaya u diidan in ay qeyb aasaaskii caadaysi Saarka. Laakiin dhiig-miirashada kordhay baahsan keentay in carada ka mid ah yaroow iyo kiisaska badan ee goosashadii ka dadka dhulka ku. In industry this koraya dalbaday in shaqaalaha ee magaalooyinka. Wuxuu ahaa ee loo baahan yahay iyo suuqa alaabta soo saaray, oo ku baahsan beerashada hor joogsaday ballaarinta. sidii loo xoojin lahaa dareenka dadweynaha xagjirka ah ka qayb qaatay fikradaha kacaan-dimuqraadi NG Chernyshevsky iyo NA hawlaha Dobrolyubova ee Ururada qarsoodiga ah.

Oo boqorkii iyo lataliyayaashiisii iyo amiirradiisii, marka la baabiiyo of serfdom, si ay u muujiyaan beegtay siyaasadeed, maaraynta inay xal u helaan. Dhinaca mid, qastaan helay xorriyadda shakhsi ahaaneed iyo xuquuqda madaniga ah, xitaa haddii ay falayeen darteed. Khatarta kacaanka raagay muddo waqti muhiim ah. Russia ayaa mar kale heshay aqoonsi caalami ah sida dal horusocod leh xeer macquul ah. Dhinaca kale, Alexander II ku guulaysteen in ay dib u habaynta ee meesha ugu horeysa si ay u eegaan danaha mulkiilayaasha oo ay ka dhigi iyaga waxtar buu u leeyahay gobolka.

Hase yeshe, si fikrad ah ee ku abtirsan aqoon, waayo-aragnimo la falanqeeyay Yurub marka la barbardhigo xaqiiqada dhabta ah ee Ruush iyo bandhigaysaa mashaariic badan oo dib u habaynta mustaqbalka, qastaan helay xorriyadda shakhsi ahaaneed oo aan dalka. Dhagra in la siiyey inay ku isticmaalka, ku sii hantida dadka dhulka leh ilaa ay bixinta buuxda. Muddadan, beeralay waa "ku meel gaar ah ku waajib ah" oo lagu qasbay in ay fuliyaan dhammaan adeegyada hore. Sidaas darteed, xoriyadda uu noqonayaa erayga ah oo qurux badan, iyo booska uu ka "dadka deggan dhulka miyiga ah" weli ahaa mid aad u adag. Dhab ahaantii, marka la baabiiyo of serfdom, nooc ka mid ah ku tiirsanaanta mulkiilaha kale, bedelay mararka qaar xitaa more culaab.

Soon, gobolka bilaabay inuu bixiyo ee "Milkiilayaasha" cusub ee qiimaha dalka u xil saaran, in fact, bixinta deynta at 6% sannadkii 49 sano. Taas darteed "Camal fala", waayo, dhulka, qiimaha dhabta ah taas oo ahayd qiyaastii 500 million. Rubles, khasnadda helay 3 billion.

xaaladaha dib u habaynta in aanu ku qancin, iyo beeralayda ugu ganacsiga. Ka dib markii lahaanshaha waxay Dhagri la maray si beeralay kasta si gaar ah iyo bulshada, taas oo ka caawisay in ay u xalliyaan masalooyin badan oo dhaqaale, laakiin ganacsiga uu noqdo mid caqabad. Tusaale ahaan, canshuuraha iyo lacagta furashada yaroow qaadeen dunida. Sidaas darteed, waxaan u lahaa in ay bixiyaan kuwa xubnaha bulshada, kuwaas oo naftooda ma uu samayn karin sababo kala duwan.

Kuwani iyo faahfaahin kale oo badan ayaa keentay in xaqiiqda ah in wax walba ka sarreeya Russia, tan iyo bishii March 1861, marka la baabiiyo of serfdom, waxay bilaabeen inay qarxaan-goosato ah ridayeen. Tirada gobollada ayaa lagu qiyaasay in kumanaan ah, laakiin ugu weyn waxay ahayd abbaaraha 160. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, cabsida kuwa la filayaa ah "Pugachev cusub" ma di'i, iyo by dayrta ee isla sanadkaas, reyn dantay.

Samaynta go'aanka la baabiiyo of serfdom ayaa door weyn ee horumarinta shuuciyad iyo warshadaha ee Russia. Waayo, dib u habaynta this waxaa raacay dad kale, oo ay ku jiraan garsoorka, ilaa xad badan oo toogtay acuteness is burinaya. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xad-dhaaf ah isbedel dabeecadda tanaasul iyo underestimation cad oo ay saameyn ku leeyihiin fikrado Freedom Dadka sababay bambaano la doonayay in lagu dilay March 1, 1881 Alexander II, kaasoo iyo kacdoonkii in beddelay dalka horrantii qarnigii labaatanaad.