Qalabka, hub iyo xoog dagaalka ee Air Force Japanese ah: Hore iyo bandhigaan

qarnigii labaatanaad ahaa muddo ah horumarinta degdegga ah ee duulimaadyada ciidamada dalal badan oo Yurub ah. Sababta oo ah Ciidamada Cirka ee waxay ahayd baahida loo qabo Maraykanka ilaalinta hawada iyo gantaal oo ka mid ah xarumaha dhaqaale iyo siyaasadeed. Horumarinta ee diyaaradaha dagaalka ayaa lagu arkay ma aha oo kaliya in Europe. qarnigii labaatanaad - waqti kordhinta xoogga Air Force Japanese ah, taas oo dawladda ayaa sidoo kale u qasdiyay in ay naftooda, goobaha istiraatiijiga ah oo muhiim ah gobolka ilaaliyo.

Sida ay kulligood waxay bilaabeen? Japan sannadaha 1891-1910

In 1891, mashiinada horeysay duulaya Japan ayaa lagu bilaabay. Kuwaasu waxay ahaayeen daydo oo isticmaalaya matoorrada caag. Waqti ka, waxaa la abuuray by diyaaradda dheeraad ah, kuwaas oo qaab-dhismeedka lahaa drive a iyo rafaasad maandooriyayaasha ah. Laakiin wax soo saarka this waa Air Force Japanese ma uu xiiseynayo. Aviation dhalashada ka dhacay 1910, ka dib markii afku diyaarad "Farman" iyo "Grande".

1914. xagxagasho ugu horeysay ee

The isku dayga ugu horeeya si ay u isticmaalaan diyaaradaha milatariga Japan ayaa la dhigay bishii September 1914. Waagaas ciidankii reer Qorraxda oo soo Muuqata, oo ay la socdaan Britain iyo France ka soo horjeeda Jarmalka ee ku sugan dhulka Shiinaha. Sannad ka hor dhacdooyinkan Air Force Japanese ah ujeedooyinka tababarka heleen laba diyaarad double "Nieuport NG" oo ka mid ah xaafuun "Nieuport nm ah" 1910 daayo. Soon aviaedinitsy, kuwaas oo loo isticmaalay dagaalka. ciidamada cirka Japan ee 1913, ka hor inta lahaa afar dayuuradaha "Farman", kaas oo loogu talagalay soo ilaalayn. Waqti ka, waxay bilaabeen inay in la isticmaalo for codsiga ah ee weerarada cirka on cadowga.

In 1914, ciidanka cirka ee Jarmalka fuliyay weerarkii lagu qaaday raxan ee Tsingatao. Germany wakhtigaas si aad u isticmaasho mid ka mid ah mashiinada uu ugu fiican oo duulaya - "Taub". In koorsada of xilli ay diyaaradaha Air Force Japanese fuliyay 86 weera ah oo hoos u dhacay 44 bambooyin.

1916-1930 sano. The hawlaha shirkadaha wax soo saarka

Waqtigaas, shirkadaha Japan "Kawasaki", "Nakajima" iyo "Mitsubishi" ayaa lagu fuliyaa si ay u horumariyaan doon gaar duulaya "Yokoso". Tan iyo 1916, saarayaasha Japanese ku abuuray naqshado daydo diyaaradaha ugu fiican Germany, France iyo England. Tani state of arrimaha socday muddo shan iyo toban sannadood. Tan iyo 1930, shirkadaha ayaa bilaabay soosaarka diyaaradaha waayo, Ciidamada Cirka ee Japan. Maanta, ciidamada qalabka sida ee gobolka this ka mid ah toban ciidammadii ugu awoodda badan dunida oo dhan tahay.

horumarka qoyska

By 1936, "Kawasaki" shirkadaha wax soo saarka dalka Japan, "Nakajima" iyo "Mitsubishi" diyaaradda oo kuwii hore la dhisay. Ciidamada Cirka ee Japan ayaa hore u haysteen in Qarax oo mataano-engine soo saarka gudaha G3M1 iyo Ki-21 diyaaradaha sahan Ki-15 dagaalyahan A5M1. In 1937, khilaafka u dhexeeya Japan iyo Shiinaha ayaa mar kale u kacday. Tani waxay keentay in lahaanshaha gaarka ah ee shirkadaha waaweyn ee warshadaha Japan iyo soo celinta dowladda gacanta u taliya.

ciidamada cirka ee Japan. amarka

Madaxa ciidamada hawada ee Japan waa xarunta ugu weyn. Command waa hoose isaga;

• taageero dagaalka;
• duulista,
• xidhiidhka;
• tababarka,
• koox ka mid ah ammaanka,
• imtixaanka,
• isbitaalka,
• Japan Air Force waaxda counterintelligence.

Battle of Air Force soo bandhigay dagaal, tababarka, gaadiidka iyo diyaarado gaar ah iyo diyaaradaha qumaatiga u kaca.

diyaarad Qaabdhismeedka Command World ka hor

Muddo dheer ciidamada qalabka sida oo ka mid ah Empire of Japan waxay ahaayeen laba madax bannaan oo ka kaabayaasha kasta military kale - Ciidanka iyo Navy. Guide horeysay doonayeen inay leeyihiin unugyo iyaga u gaar ah oo hoos amarka duulista gaadiid ah ay rarka. In la abuuro sidayaal sida in Takinava in a warshad dhufays "Arsenal №1", taas oo ciidamada dhulka hanti u leh, hagaagay iyo su'alaha rakaabka iyo baayacmushtariga maraakiibta hadda jira. Waxay yihiin hab kaabayaal ah ee gaadiidka iyo hubkaas ayaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu qaado shaqaalaha iyo ciidamada dhulka gaashaaman. On dhulka ee warshad this waxaa ku yaalla kaabayaasha Airporka in kuu ogolaanayaa inaad la kulmi diyaaradaha koobka.

Ka hor inta Dagaalkii Adduunka duulista ciidanka Japan lahaa unit military ugu weyn - demiska hawada Ciidanka. Waxay ka koobnayd squadrons (AE). Mid kasta oo ka kooban kow iyo toban diyaaradaha. Kuwaas oo kala ah, saddex baabuur ay leeyihiin juunyeerka. Tirada la mid ahaayeen mid ka mid line link Aviation Authority (LA) oo ahaa hoos timaada Shaqaalaha Guud. koox dad ah kasta waxaa loogu talagalay shaqo gaar ah, sahan, dagaalka iyo hawlaha legkobombardirovochnyh of Air Force Japanese ah. qalabka soo ilaalayn iyo hub regiments tiriyey 30 unugyada dagaalka - 45. Takhasuska kooxihii aviagroup sameeyay, taas oo ay ka airfields ay, trims. Waxay hayay Aviation ciidamada Corps. Oo waxaan iyaga u maareeyaan saraakiil darajo aan ka yarayn sirkaalkii.

habeynta

In 1942, waxay reebtay Army Aviation Corps. Kaliya horyaalka, taas oo meelo ka mid ah regiments waa qaab-dhismeedka Task amarka wayn. Ka hor dagaalkii labaad ee dunida, oo dhan diyaarad Japan ma ahaa nooc gaar ah ee ciidamada, oo waxaa u jideeyey, ee Navy iyo ciidankiisii gooyo ee. Waxaa la dhakhsaha badan u habayn unugyada duulista ciidanka, taasoo keentay in urur, ama regiments (AA), isagoo heerka waxqabadka iyo istiraatiiji ah:

• First Army Air (BA) iyada oo salka ku yaala aagga Kanto iyo xarunta ee Tokyo. Danae ciidan Japanese gacanta iyo Islands Kurile ah, Korea, Taiwan.
• BA labaad ee ku sugan Xinjing. Area of masuuliyadda ahaa Manchukuo ah.
• Saddexaad ciidamada dalka VA mas'uul ka ah gobolka koonfur bari Asia. Xarunta ayaa waxaa ku sugan Singapore.
• Tan afraad BA gacanta New Guinea iyo Solomon Islands. Xarunta ayaa waxa uu ku yaalaa Rabaul.
• Fifth VA lahaa meesha ay masuulka ka ah meelaha haysto koonfurta iyo bariga Shiinaha. Xarunta - magaalada Nanjing.
• Sixth VA lahaa xarunta jasiiradda of Kyushu. territory la kontoroolo - jasiiradda of Okinawa, Taiwan iyo galbeed ee Japan.

"Oo qaarijiyay" Air Japan

Taariikhda eraygan gaaro 1944. Waqtigaas, Japan dhigay habeynta ee duulimaadyada. Ku saleysan oo ka mid ah regiments duulista jira amray oo fuusto Japanese unugyo gaar ah oo la sameeyey. Waxay ahaayeen koox dad ah oo ah qarxiyayaal iyo waraaqaha rasmiga ah loo aqoonsaday koox dad ah "oo qaarijiyay". Ay hawl ahaa burburinta jirka cutubyo qarxiyay ee Air Force United States ah B-17 iyo B-29. Tan iyo markii shaqada fuusto ay Japanese Qaybta Gaarka ah waxaa lagu sameeyaa iyadoo la isticmaalayo iyo wan weyn loogu geysto on board a ay diyaarad ma lahayn wax hub ah.

Waayo, design ee unugyada sida caadiga ah waa xoojinta sooctey diyaaradaha wanaajiyey. In taariikhda oo dhan ciidamada hawada ee Japan waxaa la aasaasay in ka badan 160 fuusto Duulista unugyo gaar ah. Kuwaas oo kala ah, 57 ayaa lagu sameeyay oo ku saleysan tababar kooxihii hawada.

In 1945, hawlgalka ay fuliyeen "Ketsu-tago" for ilaalinta jasiiradaha in Japan ay ciidamada hawada ee Mareykanka. Sidaas darteed of habeynta ee ciidammadooda oo dhan ayaa isugu hal qaab hoos imaanaya hoggaanka Guud ee Duulista M. Kavabe.

model badan loo

Ka mid ah diyaaradaha dagaalka duulista kala duwan waxaa meedka meesha gaar ah Mitsubishi F-2. Japan Air Force, taas oo uu loogu tala galay, loo isticmaalo model this sida wax bara iyo tababarka, iyo sidoo kale ah dagaalyahan-qarxiyay. Diyaaradda ayaa waxaa loo arkaa in ay laf ka mid ah kala duwanaansho hore maloudachnyh F-1, kaas oo sidoo kale abuuray by saaraha Japan "Mitsubishi". Qasaarooyinka, oo ahaa ku-F 1 waa xaqiiqda ah in model this la sii daayay iyada oo kala duwan oo aan ku filnayn iyo load dagaal yar. Marka la dhigaayo model cusub F-2 samaynta Japanese, horumarinta ahaayeen sarkhaansan mashruuca American "Edzhayn Falcon". In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in F-2 ahbaa waa aragga garabaka ay noocooda - model Maraykanka ee F-16 ah, waxaa loo arkaa wax soo saarka Japanese cusub, sababtoo ah waxa ay leedahay kala duwan qaar ka mid ah:

• Isticmaalka qalabka dhismaha kala duwan. In saaridda of model Japan waxa lagu gartaa isticmaalka baahsan ee qalabka farcan sare, taas oo si weyn u saamaysay hoos u dhac ah ee miisaanka airframe ah.
• Diyaaradaha Design F-2 ka duwan yahay F-16 ah.
• Nidaamka on-guddiga kala duwan.
• Si ka duwan hubka.
• F-2 iyo noocooda isticmaalaa qalabka korontada kala duwan.

Qorshahaa waxa of diyaaradaha Japan F-2 wanaagsan barbar noocooda ah ee ay xog, sahal iyo waafajinta.

model B6N1

Air Force ee Japan ee dagaalkii labaad ee dunida ka mid ah oo uu ugu fiican sharraxaa qarax toorbiidyo B6N1 ( "Tendzan") loo isticmaalo. Start ee dhalmo serial diyaarad this bilaabay 1943. By dhammaadka xilliga dayrta waxaa la dhisay 133 diyaaradaha. The-baarka ugu horeysay heshay koox dad ah, kuwaas oo ka mid ah sidayaasha diyaarad: 601 th, 652 th, iyo 653 th. Tan iyo markii ay halkaas waxaa joogay khatar dhab ah oo ka soo jasiiradda Ciidamada Cirka ee Maraykanka Bougainville, hoggaanka Duulista Japan, waxaa la go'aamiyay in lagu wareejiyo afartan halbeeg B6N1 in Rabaul. Bishii November, iyadoo ka qaybgalka model this, dagaal ugu horeysay hawada in lumay. Waxaa goob joog ka ahaa 16 hubaysan "Tendzanov". Kuwaas oo kala ah, Air Force Japan laga badiyay afar. Labada weera ah ee soo socota ayaa sidoo kale natiijo la'aan.

B6N1 design

• "Tendzan" engine dhululubo qalabaysan qaboojinta hawada.
• Engine "Mamoru" waxaa lala beegsaday for 1800 l / s.
• qalabka diyaaradaha dagaalka ayaa wakiil sare iyo hoose ku rakibidda laba qori heerkiisa 27,7 mm.
• load qarax B6N1 xisaabiyaa at 800 kg. Tan waxaa ka mid ah toorbiidyo (1pc) iyo bambooyin.
• awoodda Rakaabka - saddex qof.

dagaal ee Islands Mariana ah

Bishii June 1944, Japan Air Force sagxad ah "Tendzan" loo isticmaalo dagaalka ku dhow Islands Mariana. Total 68 cutub ka qeyb qaatay. model B6N1 ee dagaalka this u adeegay sidii toorbiidyo-qarxiyayaal iyo madaxda radar - waxay ahaayeen askari ah durbaanka kooxaha gaarka ah ee diyaaradaha Japan. dagaal Tani Japan oo ay diyaaradaha lumay. Oo ka mid ah 68 kooxood dib ugu soo celin kaliya sideed saldhig.

Ka dib markii ay Battle of duulista hoggaanka Japanese ah Marianas, waxaa la go'aamiyay in model diyaarad a isticmaal oo keliya saldhig xeebta.

iska hor imaad ah ee USSR

Diyaaradaha "Tendzan" oo dagaalka ku jira loogu talogalay Okinawa ayaa loo isticmaalaa sida qarax oo baabuur oo qaarijiyay. diyaarad B6N1 waxaa qalabaysan radar gaar ah. Sidaa darteed amarka Japan Aviation model siiyey ayaa loo xil saaray in ay 93-m kokutai (Air Group), kuwaas oo la sameeyo roondo anti-gujis. "Tendzany" ayaa sidoo kale soo galay 553rd kokutai ah. Japan Air Group Air Force ka koobnayd 13 gaadhi oo ka qayb-qaatay dagaalo la diyaaradaha ee Midowga Soofiyeeti.

In kasta oo xuduudaheedu farsamo ay wanaag, Japan "Tendzany" faa'ido ah, taas oo ka koobnayd doorashada saboolka ah ee engine. Tani Kobocii hordhaca B6N1 habka galay wax soo saarka. Sidaas darteed, model soo saaray si weyn u Ree dambeeya diyaaradaha cadowga.

Maraakiibtan hawada Japanese

In 1975, shaqaalaha oo ciidamada cirka ee Japan ee ka koobnaa 45 kun oo qof. Maraakiibtan dagaal lahaa 500 unug. Kuwaas oo kala ah, 60 ka tirsan tahay mashiinada dayuuradaha dagaalka ee F-4EJ, 170 unug F10- 4J iyo 250 F-86F. Waxaa loo isticmaalaa in ay model sahaminta RF-4E iyo RF-86F (20 unug). In Japan Air for gaadiidka badeecadaha dhaawacmay waxaa bixiyey 35 mashiinada duulista iyo helicopters 20 150 PU Suur Hajk-J. In dugsiga xagaaga, waxaa jiray 350 diyaaradaha. Waayo geeyo at asturidda amarka hawada Japanese lahaa 15 airbases iyo airfields.

Sannadkii 2012, tirada shaqaalaha ayaa hoos uga dhacay 45 000 ilaa 43 700. raxan cadaato kordhay (200 xabo).

Ciidamada Cirka ee Japan ayaa maanta ku jira 700 unug, oo ay ku jiraan:

• 260 - iyo taatiko Xarakada multi-doorka;
• 200 - stormtroopers iyo model tababar waxbarasho;
• 17 - diyaaradaha AWACS;
• 7 - model siday sirdoonka radio;
• 4 - Markab istaraatiijiga ah;
• 44 - mashiinada military-gaadiidka.

qorshaha Difaaca

Yaraynta tirada shaqaalaha la ballaarinta of raxan diyaaradaha dagaalka ee muujinaya hanuuninta ciidamada hawada ee Japan ma aha on mass iyo dhibic saameynta. Sida laga soo xigtay qorshaha cusub ee difaaca, Ciidamada Cirka ee aan u kordhin doonaa xoogga is-difaaca, iyo guuraan doonto koox dad ah by iyaga oo diiradda saaraya a jagooyinka istaraatiiji haboon. Mid ka mid ah meelahan waa jasiirad Ryuko ah. Tallaabada labaad ee hawlaha Command Air qaadandoonaan diyaaradaha shanaad jiilka dagaalka ah.