"Qaybin" - waa maxay? fikirka ah ee loona

In qeybtii labaad ee qarnigii XIX ah, asal ahaan dhaqdhaqaaqa, taas oo ciidanka ugu weyn ee driving ahaa intelligentsia ah. In kasta oo dhaqdhaqaaqa barta qaar ka mid ah ay bilaabaan in ay soo baxaan socodka. Sababta - fikradaha kala duwan oo ku saabsan hababka xallinta dhibaatooyinka bulshada.

Kuwaas oo ah populists?

fikradda ugu weyn ee loona - heli xiriir lumay dadkii la. The dadka caadiga ah aragnay sidayaal xigmadda iyo runta. Dhaggan dabcan raadinaya hab lagu hantiwadaagga.

Qaabka guud ee loona istaagay baxay jihada kacaan oo deeqsi ah. marka hore waxa uu doonayay inuu ku rido dowladda isagoo adeegsanaya xoog. Arintaan ayaa ku adkeystay on hirgelinta dib u habaynta. In 70 sano dhaqdhaqaaqa ayaa galay waji cusub - gudahood waxaa jiray ugu horeysay ururada argagixisada. Hadafkoodu wuxuu ahaa in ay diyaariso weerarada ay ku hayaan saraakiisha dowladda.

Mid ka mid ah ururka ugu horeeyay, taas oo naadiyaa waa jidka ugu weyn ee argagixiso dhammaado, - "Freedom ama Death". On ku salaysan kala duwanaanshaha ay sabab u tahay hababka halganka kacaan qarxay "Land iyo Freedom" - ururka idink ee ugu saameynta badan. On ku salaysan ururkan la aasaasay "Narodnaya Volya" iyo "qaybin".

Horumarinta ee dhaqdhaqaaqa ee 80s ee qarnigii XIX

Loona dhaqdhaqaaq siyaasi ah inta lagu guda jiro sano isbedel. Dhidibada loo aasay 1879 "qaybin" waxa uu ahaa tiro yar oo ka mid ah hore "Land iyo Freedom". "Narodnaya Volya" ayaa qaaday jidka argagixisada iyo xagjirnimada. Dhaggan ururka ahaayeen in intooda badan. "Narodnaya Volya" iyo maydin "Freedom ama geeri" gabi ahaanba ka soo saldhigga ah ee fikirka ah loona iska dhaqaaqay. Waxay xoog doonayeen inay ka dhigi maamulka si ay u fuliyaan dib u habaynta. Abaabulan dilkii, qaraxyo.

Laga tirada badan yahay ee ah "qaybin" weli waa aamin fikradaha of Populists ah - reformism, hantiwadaagga, foomamka nabad halganka. Sida laga soo xigtay orientation siyaasadeed ee xisbiga oo ah hantiwadaagnimadu-fadaraalka.

Ururka ayaa waxaa la aasaasay agagaarka majaladda. magaca xisbiga siiyey waxa loogu yeero "qaybin" ee dalka. Tani ayaa lala xiriiriyay dhagaysi on qaybta guud ee dalka ka mid ah yaroow, kuwaas oo u muuqday ka dib markii la baabiiyo of serfdom ee Russia.

fikradaha ururka

"Kheryaad" oo aad xajisaan hadafyada jir ah oo populists ah. Waa in la ogaadaa laga yaabaa in fikradda ah urur ku hadhay heer ka mid ah 70-mada ay qarnigii XIX ah, wakhtiga "socday dadka." In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in fikirka aasaaskiisa la hadhay, qaar badan oo ka mid ah gool iyo siyaabaha loo gaaro ayaa waxaad fartaan Wannaagga.

Ururka nolosha waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inay bulshada ugu saxsan. Waa in aysan noqon saleysan bulshada hantiwadaag. Lahaanshaha dhulka waa in ay si wadajir ah oo milkiiliyaasha guryaha u weyn u baahan tahay si expropriate. Chornoperediltsi sameeyaan fikradda ah halganka fasalka, laakiin waxay u eegay more xanuunsan-uuraysatay. Siyaabo badan, ururka ayaa ku dhawaa inuu ku hadafyada of bakunintsev. Xoog u diideen weerarro argagixiso, falalka dagaalka sida nooc ka mid ah halganka siyaasadeed.

"Madaxbannaanida oo Shaqada"

Xiisadda fikirka wajahayaan "qaybin", saameeyeen kooban ee ururka. The dadka ugu saameynta badan ahaayeen Georgy Plekhanov, Vasily Ignatov, Vera Zasulich, Lev Deych. Laakiinse way diideen in ay sii wadaan shaqada ee ururka oo calan kor ku Geneva, koox ka mid ah "madaxbannaanida oo Shaqada", taas oo ku saabsan jagooyinka of Marxism istaagay. Inta badan aasaaseyaasha ka soo jiitay by fikrad kacaanka proletarian. Populists oo ku biiray si Caalamiga ah, ay taageerayaan halganka ka dhanka bakunintsev.

kacaanka ganacsade-dimuqraadi The, taas oo uu noqday ugu fiican ee ururka, waxaa la sameeyey iyada oo proletariat reer magaalka iyo bourgeoisie ah. door muhiim ah lagu ciyaaray by qastaan sida ciidan socodnimo. Tartiib tartiib, ka populists leexdo xagga xisbiga Sooshal dimuqraadiga. "Kheryaad" (sanadka ah ee aasaaska - 1879 th) jirtay ka hor inta 1883rd ah, marka kooxda "madaxbannaanida oo Shaqada" waxaa la aasaasay.

hogaamiyaha ururka

Georgi Plekhanov ahaa idink iyo hoggaamiyaha "qaybin". Intaa waxaa dheer, waxa uu sidoo kale noqday aasaasihii kooxda "madaxbannaanida oo Shaqada". By ku biiro "Land iyo Freedom" ee 1876, George V. xaladii la fikradaha Narodnaya Volya. Waxa uu ahaa qoraaga oo ka mid ah waraaqaha barnaamijka, saxaafadda.

Ka dib burburkii ka mid ah "Land iyo Freedom" oo dilka Alexander Emperor ee II cambaareeyay hawlaha argagixiso ee garabka xagjirka ah iyo abaabulay urur, ka hadafyada xaq ah loona keenay. In the 80s hore ', ayuu lahaa in ay hijroodaan si Switzerland oo ay halkaas sii wado. Tartiib tartiib wareejiyay aragtida Markis. Isagu wuxuu u Russia ku soo laabtay oo kaliya ka dib markii kacaanka ee 1917 sano. Waxa uu ku qoray shuqullo badan oo ku saabsan cilmiga, falsafada, anshaxa.

views saameyn Evolution on doorashada ee waddada horumarka iyo hababka halganka. isdhaaf ah fikirka ahaayeen sabab u views kala duwan oo ku saabsan mustaqbalka dalka. Ururku waxa uu hore u doortay gool ku tacaluqda si deg deg ah maydin oo loo beddelaa xisbiyada cusub iyo kooxaha. Burburkii ka mid ah "qaybin" ee dhimashada loona run. qadayn badan ayaa sii waday in ay ka shaqeeyaan on qoraal publications sayniska, cilmi baarista ee beeraha ee cilmiga, cilmiga dhaqanka, falsafada.