Reserve Taliyaha ayaa. Nature State Biosphere Reserve

In 1741, duulaan uu hogaaminayo Taliyaha Vitus Bering, ayaa helay Islands Taliyaha. Muddo dheer, waxay ahaayeen Anfaco. Deganayaashii ugu horreeyey waxay bilaabeen Creoles iyo Aleuts, kuwaas oo bilaabay in ay sahamiyaan jasiiradda ee 1825. Maanta tuulada Nikolskoye on Bering Island - tuulada Aleut, mid ka mid kaliya ee Ruushka.

Laga soo bilaabo taariikhda reserve ah

In times Imperial Islands Taliyaha waxay ahaayeen qeybiyeyaasha dhogorta khasnadda reer boqor. baahida la xakamaynin xoolaha ayaa dhalisay burbur mass shaabadood, taas oo si weyn u dhimay tirada ay. Dhammaadkii qarnigii XIX ah, shaqo bilaabay on ilaalinta rookeries, xanibaadii ugu horreysey wax soo saarka ee shaabadood dhogorta iyo afaer badda ayaa la soo bandhigay. Control ay kalluumaysiga la ansixiyay ee 1911.

Si weyn loo hagaajiyey xaaladda wakhtiyada Soviet. In 1958 wuxuu ahaa mamnuucay kalluumaysiga iyo soddon miles hareeraha jasiiradaha. reserve koowaad ee muhiimadda gobolka ayaa ka soo muuqday Dhulka ee 1980.

Magaca "National Park Taliyaha" iyo xaaladda Federaalka uu helay April 1993. Sannadkii 2002 ayuu helay xaaladda "biosphere", taas oo ah hoos ilaalinta UNESCO.

goobta

Taliyaha Reserve waxa uu ku yaalaa waqooyiga Pacific. Dhulkeeda waxaa kumyadu koonfureed ku Sea Bering ah. Taliyaha Islands - waa sakaraad galbeed ee jasiiradda of ARC Aleutian ah. Waxay yihiin munaaraddii of tiixtiix quuska iyo waxay ka kooban yihiin 15 gasiiradaha tirada kala duwan.

Kamchatka, Taliyaha Islands

Asal ahaan waxa la koras dhagaxyada yar. The ugu weyn iyaga ka mid ah - jasiiradda of Bering. Its ugu sarreysa ugu sareeya - buur Steller, oo dhererkiisu yahay 755 mitir. Sidoo kale waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in loo qoondeeyo jasiiradda picturesque ee Copper. Waa jasiirad guri oo ku yar.

Komandorskii-Aleutian arc kooban dhagaxa Kobenhagen. On jasiiradaha, kuwaas oo, hawl Kobenhagen aan go'an, iyo dhulgariir dhici marar badan. Tani yar gariir (dhif gaaraan 5-6).

Reserve "Taliyaha": description

Isagu waa jasiiradaha Taliyaha. Gobolka Aleutian Tani (Kamchatka Krai). Waxaa ka mid ah oo biyaha xeebta Badda Bering iyo Badweynta Pacific. Bedka guud ee reserve ah - 3.648.679 hektar. territory waxaa ka mid ah 3.463.300 hektar oo aagga badda iyo 185 379 ha dalkii.

reserve wuxuu ku yaalaa koonfurta ee jasiiradda of Bering. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxa ay qaadataa Arius Stone Island iyo Copper Island, kuwaas oo loo diyaarin in koox is haysta in bari ee Kamchatka.

Taliyaha Reserve qaybsan yahay qaybo, kuwaas oo la ilaaliyo in heerar kala duwan:

• core ilaaliyo, halkaas oo hawlaha aadanaha waxaa ka mamnuuc ah, iyo in ay ka-qabashada ee geedi socodka dabiiciga ah;
• zones kayd, taas oo loo ogol yahay kalluumaysiga kooban iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa dhaqaale oo qayb ahaan.

xaaladaha cimilada

Taliyaha Islands waa in neledovitoy qaybta koonfureed ee Badda Bering ah. Halkan waa xagaaga soo jiidasho leh qabow iyo qaboobuhu khafiif ah. Ku dhawaad kasta oo bil jira maalmood marka dabayshu ka imanayso jasiiradaha la xawaaraha weyn - in ka badan 108 kilomitir saacaddii.

Ujeedooyinka iyo hawlaha kaydka ah

On reserve Taliyaha ayaa loo xilsaaray hawlaha gaarka ah:

• ilaalinta goobaha dabiiciga ah iyo biyaha badda ee ku xiga in ay, si loo ilaaliyo gobolka dabiiciga ah ee walxaha dabiiciga ah;
• cilmi baaris, qoraal taxane-taariikheed maamulka dabiiciga ah;
• kormeerka deegaanka iyo waxbarashada deegaanka,
• hordhaca ah ee dalka reer dhaqanka maamul reserve biosphere in ayan ku baabbi'in deegaanka oo ma baabi'in khayraadka noolaha;
• kor loogu qaado ilaalinta taariikheed, dhaqan iyo qowmiyadaha dhaxal ahaan.

Sababo la xiriira kala duwanaanshaha noolaha ee flora badda iyo dubato, biyaha aan lagu keydsho ee xilliga qaboobaha meesha waa meel of quudinta tiro badan oo ka mid ah shimbiraha biyaha, joogitaanka sii dabar-go'aya, dhif iyo gud ee Shimbiraha iyo nuujiya. Gobolka Kamchatka laha dhiganta qiimaha reserve ah.

dhirta

The dhirta iyo ugaarta ee gobolka ka mid ah 383 nooc oo dhirta vascular iyo 158 - algae. Iyada Taliyaha Islands ah, soohdinta bari ee dhulka, halkaas oo 93 nooc oo dhirta dhif ah faafin. Waxaa jira kaymaha jirin. Halkaa marka ay marayso kasta oo Commodores heysatay Dhuldhoobo. Kaliya mararka qaarkood ka heli kartaa halkaan Rowan geed baxda iyo safsaf. Hoos iyaga waxaa sii kordhaya dogwood Swedish, recumbent luazeleriya, crowberry madow, Aleutian phyllodoce iyo buluug.

Cows kaydka ka wakiil raznotsvetkovoy anemone, gariiradda viviparous, goldthread saddex-sheeted, wintering horsetail. raznotsvetkovaya Anemone inta badan u xanuunsadaa, sababtoo ah quruxdiisa. Kuwaas oo ubax oo aan caadi ahayn waxaa inta badan la joojiyo by samaynta bouquets, inkastoo xaqiiqda ah in geedka waa sun.

Waxa kale oo jira ku xoortay geedihii kale: geed rotem la yidhaahdo Siberian, Honeysuckle iyo duurjoogta ah u kacay tupoushkovy la cuni karo.

In seeraha koraan dlinnoostistaya sedge, spinous Dactylorhiza, horsetail, pushistotsvetkovaya Geranium, iris setosa, cawska timaha qalloocan.

xayawaanka

Taliyaha ayaa Reserve qoreysa kala duwan oo badan oo xayawaanka. Waxaa la diwaangeliyey 25 nooc oo nuujiya, 25 - kalluunka, 213 - shimbiraha. nuujiya jidhadhka dhulka, waxaa jira lix nooc oo halkan. Tani waa minkiga American ah, dawaco buluug Mednovskiy, rat cirro, waah cas-shabaab, mouse guriga, Deerada ah. Dhammaantood way wada degi Island Bering ah.

Gaar ahaan si fiican u yaqaan reserve nooca la ilaaliyo by rookeries badan oo xayawaanka badda, iyo libaaxyo badda iyo libaaxyo badda waqooyi. Niemooleey sameeyaan rookery wadajir ah - kumanaan ka mid ah kooxahaasi on xeebta.

Shaabadood ka tirsan noocyada shaabadood jeexin. Tani waa noocyada badda ugu badan, taas oo ammaanay reserve ee dunida. libaaxyo badda Northern (libaaxyo) waa yar yihiin in reserve Komandorsky. shaabadood lagu arkay - shaabadood waa wax dhif ah xoolaha Islands. Waxay ku nool yihiin oo ku saabsan Qoryaale xeebaha iyo qarar ee jasiiradda. Tani xayawaanka badda ee quruxda aan caadi ahayn iyo nimcada leh midabka qaxay halkaas.

Anthurium - sidaas loo yaqaan shaabadood jasiiradda ka tirsan kooxda shaabadood. Mararka qaarkood xayawaanka loo yaqaan "seal-ubax" sababtoo ah midabka maqaarka oo aan caadi ahayn, on a soo jeeda cirro brown ama madow kala firdhiyey jaamaha jaalaha ah iyo caddaan weyn ee foomka of siddo. Anthurium - xayawaanka dhif ah, si ay u yar tahay ilaalinta gobolka.

Kamchatka (Russia) waxa badi deggan nolosha badda. nibiriga beaked Taliyaha Tani ayaa, nibiriga humpback, nibiriga buluug ah waqooyiga, iyo kuwa kale.

In Komandorsky Reserve ilaaliya dadka gud ee dawaco buluug (dawaco horjeeda). nolosha xoolaha, kuwaas oo waxaa ka buuxa khatarta iyo halganka ugu baahan. Qiyaastii 40% ka mid ah muqisho Dawacooyinku buluug ah oo lagu dilay Muqdisho. Qaar ka mid ah ka dhagaxyada dumin, gowraco bahal kale oo weyn.

shimbiraha

Reserve Taliyaha - site kulaylaha badda iyo biyaha shimbiraha, iyo sidoo kale stop ee waterfowl iyo xumaanta Dumban inta lagu jiro socdaalka. Falcon buul jasiiradaha, Cam ayaa glaucous-caynkiisa, Galaydhka peregrine, red-Clitocybe.

Si joogto ah halkan oo ku saabsan a million shimbiraha, wakiillo ka socda sagaal iyo toban nooc oo ah buulka ka. Inta badan waa fulmars, murre caadi ah, guillemots madow ee caadiga ah, gudmo. Fulmars waxaa sidaas la odhan jiray, waayo, credulity ah: kamana cabsadaan aadanaha. gudmo A, ama darafyadiisa oo dhintay, sidaas darteed loo yaqaan sababta oo ah qaabka khaas ah oo af dhuuban, taas oo ah mid aad u la mid ah gudmo ah. Waxay leeyihiin magaca labaad - Sareynta badda. Inta lagu jiro muddada weheshiga, midabka hore u dhalaalaya ee Shimbiraha kuwaas waa ka sii yaab leh.

In search of cuntada, shimbiraha, kuwaas quusin karo moolalka weyn (ilaa 10 m). Waxay sii joogo quuska ilaa laba daqiiqo, kalluunka, dheer qabto ma sii daayay. Waxay isku mar qaban karaan in ay af dhuuban ilaa 12 kalluunka.

dalxiiska

Maanta, tirada weyn muwaadiniinta walaalahooda iyo martida dibadda uga timid inaad reserve Taliyaha ayaa, si ay u bogi nooca aan caadi ahayn ee meelahan. In reserve yihiin wadooyinka hortayada abaabulan oo kaa caawin in ay maqsuud kala duwan ee dubato iyo flora. Wadooyinka ay maamulaan on Bering Island iyo Copper yaqaanaan jasiiradaha shimbiraha Toporkov iyo Ary Kamen.

Intaa waxaa dheer, halkan waxaad ka arki kartaa meelaha taariikhiga ah in u sheego oo ku saabsan taariikhda dalkeena. In November 1741 ee xirmadaan-doon "Saint Peter", kaas oo uu hogaaminayo Taliyaha Vitus Bering, la tuurayna on Qoryaale xeebta inta lagu jiro duufaan aad u daran.

Jasiiradaha, kuwaasi oo ay ka dib loo magacaabay Taliyaha, qayb ka mid ah Russia, iyo sidoo kale Alaska oo dhan jasiiradaha kale ee ARC Aleutian noqday. Oo isla jasiiradda cidla ah, la odhan jiray Bering Island, ayaa noqday magan la soo dhaafay, waayo, Taliyaha weyn oo isaga saaxiibbadiis ah aaminka ah.

In 1867, Alaska iyo Islands Aleutian ah laga iibiyey Mareykanka, iyo yaqiin oo kaliya in ay calaamad u ah ee xogta juquraafi ee heshiiska, loo arkaa jasiiradda ayaa la hayo, waayo, Russia.

Ka dib markii excavations qaddiimiga ah (1922), xerada duulaan caan ah iyo aaska la helay. Waxaa la sameeyay reburial kooxda iyo Bering Taliyaha. Tan iyo markaas, Taliyaha gacanka waxa uu noqday mid aad u soo jiidasho dalxiisayaasha ah oo doonaya inuu soo caabudo cilmi Ruush cabsi la'aan in ay ka duulaan labaad Kamchatka.

mode reserve

Inkastoo cimilada adag noqdo badan oo diyaar u ah inay soo booqdaan Islands Taliyaha sanad kasta. The bilood wanaagsan ugu in ay soo booqdaan meelo kuwanu waa July, August iyo September. Maanta, a wadooyinka xiiso dhowr horumariyo reserve ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaad ka heli kartaa kaar si booqo rookeries of nuujiya badda. Halkan waxa aad ku arki doontaa tiro badan oo xoolaha oo ay awoodaan si ay u sameeyaan sawir weyn.

waxaa Helitaanka

Ka hor inta Islands Taliyaha lagu tagi karaa diyaarad, helicopter ama badda. From Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky in Bering Island aad qabto in ay ka gudbaan 735 kiiloomitir. tours Marine in Taliyaha ayaa Reserve si joogto ah abaabulay.

halkaas oo ay sii joogaan

Sida caadiga ah, dalxiisayaasha ah la dejiyo Habeenka tuulada of Nikolskoye. Marar badan, qabanqaabiyeyaasha tours biyaha bixiyaan hoyga ee weliba qolalkii hoose raaxo leh maraakiibta.